/ 



THE WORCESTER 
MAGAZINE 



THE LiSRAFV OF 
CONGRESS, . 

Two CCWIES ReCE(VEO 

MAR. 25 1901 

Copyright entry 

CLASS fOXXo. Ni#. 

COPY 3. 



JANUARY 
1901 



DEVOTED TO 

Soob Citisensbip anb flDunfcipal Development 

WORCESTER. MASS. 



The First National Bank, 

WORCESTER, MASS. 
Capital, $300,000. 



Surplus, 
Deposits, 



200,000. 
2,892,649. 



THIS BANK SOLICITS ACCOUNTS FROM INDI- 
VIDUALS, FIRMS AND CORPORATIONS, AND WILL 
BE PLEASED TO MEET OR CORRESPOND WITH 
THOSE WHO CONTEMPLATE MAKING CHANGES 
OR OPENING NEW ACCOUNTS. 

Interest allowed on special deposits subject to check. 

ALBERT H. WAITE, President. 
GILBERT K. RAND, Cashier. 



PEOPLE'S .... 
Savings Bank, 

452 MAIN STREET. 



Deposits from 81 to SIOOO reoolred. 
Bank Hoars, 9 to 4. Saturdays, 9 to 1, 6 to 8 
The hours on Saturday Kvenlng are for aooom- 
modation of depositors only. 



SAMUEL B. HETWOOD, President. 
CHAS. M. BENT, Treasurer. 




^be TKHorccetcr 



♦♦♦♦ 



Is to be issued monthly, on the 15th, at $2 a 
year, 20 cents a number. Its circulation will 
be exclusively among the most liberal buyers, 
and largely such as deal in and manufacture 
staples ; and present indications promise a 
large and permanent list of subscribers. 

¥¥¥¥¥ 

Ubc jfebruari? Tlumber ot tbe XPQlorccster /»aaa* 

sine will show a decided advance in interest, 
and it is believed each month will show such 
improvement as will more than justify the 
hopes and promises of its conductors. 

¥¥¥¥¥ 

/ftanUSCrtpt for tbC ]e^itOr, payments, and all in- 
quiries may be sent to the Board of Trade 
Rooms, n Foster Street, Worcester, Mass. 




/ 



THE 



Worcester Magazine 



DEVOTED TO 



Good Citizenship and Municipal Development. 



VOL. I. 
JANUARY -JUNE, igoi. 



PUBLISHED BY 



The Board of Trade, Worcester, Mass. 



r I I • 1 



» •- . , «. 



Copvri^bt lOOl. 



WORCESTER, MASS. : 

PRESS OF F. S. BLAXCHARD &: CO. 



"1 



^' 



s^^M'" 



.r 



• * • • • • • 


* • • • • • • 



►•• •'• 



• •• ••• ••• 



I, 136, 



191. 25 



CONTENTS. 

A Letter of Greeting, Edward Everett Hale 

Announcement by Editor and Committee 

Annual Report of the President Worcester Board of Trade 

Baltimore's New City Charter, Win. Reynolds 

Board of Trade Notes ..... 2S, 37, 42, 51, 6 

Boards of Trade, Big Work for .... 

Books, Something about a Few New 

Citizen and the City, The ..... 

City and its Suburbs, The, Dana J. Pratt . 

Devens, General Charles . . 

Devens, General Charles, Ex-Pres. R. B. Hayes . 

Devens Statue, The Proposed, J. Evarts Greene . 

Elm Park ....... 

Face to Face with Facts ..... 

Foreign and Home Boards of Trade, Pres. G. Stanley Hall 
Great Need and a Great Opportunity, A, Milton P. Higgins 
Growth and Problems of Modern Cities 
Hale's Works and Other Books, Dr. .... 

Hoar, Hon. George Frisbie ..... 

Home Trading, A Plea for ..... 

How to Get a Revenue from Franchises, Prof. Chas. W. Tooke 
How to Make an Ideal City, Wm. M. Reedy 

Industrial Education, Henry Wood .... 

Is Worcester Alive to these Facts .... 

League of American Municipalities, The 

Legislative Initiation, Argument for .... 

Library Hall Association, Cambridge, The, Samuel Usher 

Lincoln, Edward Winslow ..... 

Most Vital Problems of New England Cities, The, Mayors Thos. N. Hart. W. \V 
French, Wm. Shepard, Robert Roberts, F. P. Garretson, John D. Spellman, 
Arthur B. Chapin, John F. Hurley, John O. Hall, Geo. W. Forbush. Clarence 
O. Poor, Charles F. Thayer, John J. Fitzgerald, Wm. P. Hayes, M. A. Taylor 

^lunicipal Art, Elmer Graves ..... 

Municipal Art Museums for the People, .... 

Municipal Ownership, Advantages of, Albert Shaw 

Municipal Ownership, Difficulties in Way of 

Municipal Ownership, The Argument against, Geo. French 

Municipal Ownership, The Great Boom for 

MunicijKd Reform, Some Suggestions for, J. Evarts Greene 

O'Connell, Mayor Philip J. . 

Origin of 'Munic.ipal Incorporation. Hon. Amasa M. Eaton 

Our Brethren from Other Lands, Rev. Dr. Eldridge Mix 

Parks and Playgrounds of Worcester, James Draper 

Parties and Partisanship in City Elections . 

Plan for Caucus Nominations in City Elections, H. W. 1". 

Politics in City Elections. Mayors Hart, Hayes, Swartz, Phelan. 
Briggs, Diehl, Waddell, Smith, Weaver. Prefontaine, Winnett 

Press and the People, The ...••• 

Public Ownership Failure ...-•• 

Public Spirit, George French . . . ■ • 

Remuneration to Cities for P'ranchises. Hon. Bird S. Coler 

Sewerage and Sewage Disposal of Worcester, Harrison P. Eddy 

Street Pavements, Wright S. Prior . . . . • 

Substance of Things Hoped for. The .... 



PAGE. 

2S 

19 

305 

43 
308, 363 

137 

58 

124 

289 

18 

355 

39 
222 

36 
34 
226 
126 
133 
94 
190 

247 
106 

345 
132 
135 
302 

295 



Jones. Farley 



47 



102 
252 
130 
172 
176 
292 
16S 
355 
335 
52 

99 
231 

1S5 
243 

iSi 
128 
303 
359 
178 
III 

339 

95 



JUL. 



I3U I 



Thing-s Now in the Public Mind . . . . . 16-?, 22^, 2S1, 

Vacation Schools, Helen A. Ball .... 

Warm Words about New York City, Dr. Henrv \'an Dvke 

Worcester. Frank R. Ratchcldcr .... 

Worcester, An Appreciative Note ....... 

Worcester, Distributing Trade of, Wni. II. Pratt .... 

Worcester, Soinethino- about, Pres. T. C. Mendenhall 

Worcester Hoard o\ Tratle (ilee Club. The ..... . 16: 

Worcester City Elections, Lesson of the 

Worcester's Greatest Needs. Letters from Rufus B. Fowler, Ceo. W. Allen. H 
Ward Bates, H. II. Bigelow, C. W. Bowker, Freeman Brown, Wm. H. Burns 
C. F. Carroll, Irving K. Comins, FUery B. Crane, A. P. Cristv. Tames 
Draper, John tuhnan, R. L. Colbert, J. Evarts Greene, G. Stanley Hall, F 
L. Hutchins. J. Russel Marble, W. C. McDonald, Eugene M. Moriartv, W 
J. II. N\>urse, Chas. Nutt, Chas. D. Parker, Geo. W. Pike, Burt(m W. Potter 
Alfred S. Roc. H. Schervee, Thos. I. Sawvcr, ]. Henrv Searles. treo. M 
^V right . . . . ". ." " . .' . 

Worcester's t^ld Coniinon, Etc., Nathaniel Paine . ... 

Worship of the tiolden Calf ........ 



336 

2S4 

33 

27 

299 

29 

iS3 
1S6 



21 

347 
336 



THE WORCESTER MACAZIXE. 







WORKS OF 

F. E. REED COMPANY, Worcester, Mass. 

MANUFACTURERS OF MACHINE TOOLS. 









NT 

J. J. Warre,n Company, * 



Manufacturers 
^ of ^ 



^ 



^ limine Leather and 

CanVas Goods. 



4V 



< 
a 

z 

o 
z 

K 

< 







< 5 



I 



<» 
<» 
« 
<» 



%^^^^^^^fr^^i^iri^e^^e€^e€€^^^^€ee€eir^^^€^^^€^^^i-^^eei^^€e^e^€^€f^ 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



Crompton 6 Kno wle^ 
Loom Works 

WORCESTELR. MASS. '^'■'"'%Z°v^}^'nce, r. i. 




Ji Bit of Loom History. 

T ^ J^O ^^ ^^^° ^^^ ^^^^ fancy power Loom IN THE WORLD 
T was introduced by us and successfully operated. 

During the year igoo the Crompton & Knowles Loom 
TOOO ^^°^^^ ^^^^* nearly TWENTY THOUSAND LOOMS, 
^ y ^ JACQUARDS and DOBBIES for weaving every 

possible variety of FABRIC. 



Thousands of mill owners and loom operators enjoy the 

benefits ( 

building. 



I 0"D3V ^^"^^^^ °^ °^^ SIXTY YEARS' EXPERIENCE in loom 



The Worcester Magazine 



CONTENTS FOR JANUARY, 1901, 

ERAL CHARLES DICVHNS 

. NOUNCEMENT BY EDITOR AND COMMITTEE 
..DITORIAL NOTE 



Frontispiece 

Page 19 

20 



WORCESTER'S GREATEST NEEDS, 
A LETTER OF GREETING, 
SOMETHING ABOUT WORCESTER, 
WORCESTER. — A Poem, .... 
FOREIGN AND HOME BOARDS OF TRADE 

FACE TO FACE WITH FACTS 

WORCESTER. — An Appreciative Note .... 
FRENCH'S EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF WASHINGTON 



Memhkrs ok Board of Trade 
Rev. Edward Everett Hale, D. 
Pres. T. C. Mendenhall 
Frank Roe Batchelder 
Prksidknt G. Stanley Hall 



D. 



THE PROPOSED DEVENS STATUE, . 
BALTIMORE'S NEW CITY CHARTER, . 
SEWERAGE AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL OF 

WORCESTER, .... 

ORIGIN OF MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS, 
SOMETHING ABOUT A FEW NEW BOOKS 
WORCESTER BOARD OF TRADE NOTES 



J. EvARTS CiRKENE, ESQ. 

William Rlvnolds, Esq. 

Harrison P. Eddy 
Hon. Amasa M. Eaton 



28, 37. 42, 51. 



2t 

28 
29 

33 
34 
3<i 
37 
3S 
39 
43 

47 
52 
58 
61 



Terms : $2.ooa vear ; single copies, 20 cents. For sale by newsdealers. Published by the 
Board of Trade of Worcester. Mass., and printed by F. S. Blanchard & Co. Committee on 
Publication, Rufus B. Fowler, G. Stanley Hall, Irving E. Comins. Address all communications 
t(i II Foster street, Worcester. Board of Trade Rooms. Copyright 1901. 



^fST^ "^IS^ ^jg^ "^1^ "^fS" "^fS"^ 



m 



m 






i>^' 



j^ 






OX. 



'^y' 



C'/'(^jte/^^/U/Jj. 




§®^ %^ %^ <^& ^^ ^^^ 

lMMSlMMll§SMlMlI@JlSU@MMMIMllllSMMMMMMlil 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE, 



STANDARD FOUNDRY COMPANY 



Iron Founders. 

Special attention given to the 
Manufacture of High Grade 

Machinery Castings. 



TAINTER AND GARDNER STREETS, WORCESTER. 



•f 



ESTABLISHED 1872, INCORPORATED 1898. ^ 



Prentice Bros. Company, f 

I 

BUILDERS OF ^ 

9. 

Drilling Machines and Engine Lathes, | 

worcester, mass., u. s. a. | 



American Card Clothing Co. 



-Xdmr Incorporated June 4, .890. .^J^ 

f General Offices, Knowles Ctfft^ 

Building, Worcester, Mass. •^tT 



^ • IVorcester, Leicester, North Andover, Lowell, Mass. 

aCtOneS : Philadelphia, Pa.; Providence, R. L; Charlotte, N. C. 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE 



1"^ '-C^ 'iT^ •/i?' '-^ '^ 



•'^===^'"'^:^^^^^^^^ , 



^^^^'^^^^'^^^^^•^''^^•'^''^''^'^^''^'^'^'^'^'■^^^^ 



m 












'B 






Your Health ^ ^ 

^ e^ Depends on what you eat 



In this age of advancement the baking of food stufts 
has become one of the fine arts, the people demand health- 
giving foods, and we take great pleasure in recommending to 
vou our famous mj 

m 



^ 
% 






Toasted Butter Crackers 



which have been produced after careful scientific expermients, 
and we feel confident in saying that it is a pure, health-givmg 
cracker having all the nourishing properties of the purest mate- 
S rial concentrated bv our special process. 

Beware of Imitations ! ^ ^ 



Manufactured Only By 

The Cartwright-Borden Co. 






Worcester, Mass. 



!>,•.<=:='. ..i^. .,£5'. .ti:^. .<i5'. ^^^5^5; 



.^.^.^.^^;^^^^^^^;^^^##^. 
^%%^^^^^^^^^^^^^'^'^ ^ 






6 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



gogtrtjrn:TC)UUi:Ji:Juuuuuuuuau0UUUUUUi:jrTunun 










D 



13 

D 



13 



a 



FINEST IN THE WORLD 



Royal Worcester 



13 
P 



t> 

13 

r3 
t> 
t> 
t> 

13 

r> 



AND 



Bon Ton Corsets 




d 

a 
d 
a 
a 
a 
a 
a 
a 
a 

a 
a 
a 
a 
a 
a 

an exquisite symmetry of form, C4 

a graceful carriage, and an ex- ^ 

pression of motion that wins C$ 

unstinted admiration. ^ 

The most complete and hand- ^ 
some line of C| 



CREATE 



Straight Front 



ORCESTER 
Style 553 



a 
a 
a 
a 

Bias-Gored Corsets ^ 

a 

a 

for young or old, the world has ever d 
produced. ^ 

a 

7 7 Models, 3 

d 

including all the new shapes, and d 
designed for all classes of figures. (^ 

d 

Prices, Si.oo to Sio.oo ^ 



a p 



air. 



Rovcil Jroncster and Bon Ton Corsets 



oy 



Are Guaranteed to Produce the Latest New Figure. 



d 
d 
d 
d 
d 
d 
d 
d 



B Denholm & McKay Co., Boston Store, d 
B ^ d 

Sole Agents for Worcester. d 



THE WORCESTIvR MAGAZINE, 



Norton Emery Wheel (>o. 




A\'<)lx'K>-> A 1 \\ « )K'« I ;>,ri ;k-, ma: 



CORUNDUM and EMERY WHEELS, 

EMERY WHEEL MACHINERY. INDIA OIL STONES. 

laalhcv Xllniversal XTool anD Cutter Gri1\^el^ 

CHICAGO S-roKI-: -^r, !^. <'AXAr, Stkkit. 



A. H. STEELE. 



AV, M. STEELE. 



A. H. Steele & Brother, 



BUILDERS OF 



Looms and Special Machinery. 



LOOMS, LOOM REPAIRS, QUILL WINDERS. IRON 
and WOOD BEAMS, SWIFTS, BATTONS. QUILLS, 
SHUTTLES, HARNESS FRAMES, TUBES, Etc 



54 Hermon Street, 



Worcester, Mass. 



TELEPHONE 943-2. 



8 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 




MAXLTFACTUK EKS OF 

^^=^ ^ IRE. ^^=^^ 

AViRE Cloth. F*oultry ^^ettixcj, 
A^^iRE T^athin(t. Screws. 

liivETjs. Staples, I^idi^ees. 



AVOKi'KJSXKR, IVfASS. 



Chic ADO, Ir^r.. 



Palimer, ]\rAss. 



GOES WRENCH COMPANY, 



MANUFACTURERS OF 




PATENT SCREW 



WRENCHES 



WORCBSTER, MASS. 



'#######'#####################x################i 



WORCESTER 
MACHINE 
SCREW CO., 



STANDARD 
SCREW CO. 
SUCCESSORS. 



Manufacturers of 



SET, CAP AND MACHINE 

S CREWS 



IN IRON, STEEL AND BRASS. 

studs for steam engines, 
pumps, etc. 

Worcester, Mass. 





KSTAHLISIIED lS;o. 



LORING GOES 
& COMPANY, 



(InCOKPO RATED.) 



Machine Knives. 

Difficult Hardening 
and Tempering 
a Specialty. 



Works : 
Cor. Coes and Mill Sts 



Box 12 

Station B. 



WORCESTER, MASS., U. S. A. 





THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



9 




SieywoodCBoot SzShoe Co. 



Manufacturers of MerP s Fine 
Shoes for Domestic and Ex- 
port Tirade 



For thirty-six YEARS 

The Name '' HEYWOOB'' on a Boot 
or Shoe has been a Guarantee of Quality. 



Our Retail Store^ 



436 Main Street, 



Worcester, Mass. 



Worcester Slipper Co. 



J. PRESCOTT GROSVENOR, 



Manufacturer of 



GRAIN, CARPET, FELT 

AND WEB ji ^ ^ 

„.i flippers. 

Machine Sewed and Turned. 

^^ ^^ ^?% ^?* ^^* 

Office and Factory, 370 Park Ave., 

WORCESTER, MASS. 
Boston Office, J* ^ 59 Lincoln Street. 




Use Only 

Pike's 
Polish 



To Preserve 


the 


Leather and 




Keep it Soft and | 


Pliable. 




t^i^u?*;*** 




Pike Mfg. 


Co., 


82 Foster St., 


Worcester, 


Mass. 



10 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



Matthews 

Manufacturing 

Company, 

/Vj ANUFACTURERS OF . . . . 



^ft 



«^ 



STOVE TRIMMINGS, 
BICYCLE FITTINGS, 



«i 



Steam=Pipe Collars, 

Ferrules and 

Sheet Metal Specialties. 



104 GOLD STREET, 

Worcester, Mass. 

A. T. MATTHEWS, Manajrer. 




Magnetic Chucks and Fine 
Grinding Machinery. 



0. S. Walker & Co., "^Mass!"' 



WM. H. EDDY CO. 





K. H. IXGUAM. 

J. J. WEHlXtiEK. 

SI Exchange St. 
Worcester, Mass. 



We make a specialty of 

Turret Chucking Lathes. 

Sizes 22 in. to 60 in. Inclusive. Also 
Plain Gear Cutters. Shaft-Straightening 
Machines and Special Machinery. J* J* 




1 



N buying TOOLS it pays to buy the BEST. Don't buy before seeing our UP- 
TO-DATE Catalogue, show^ing a large variety of v** t^ i^ <^ 

Shapers, 



IT MAY BE HAD ON 
APPLICATION. . . . 



BOYNTON & PLUMMER 



MANUFACTURERS, 
WORCESTE.R, MASS., U. S. A. 

SOLD BY FIRST-CLASS DEALERS ALL OVER THE WORLD 



'>?, 



Drills, 



Forges, l^^vi^l 

Bolt Cutters, 

Bolt Headers 

Tire Benders 

Tire 

Shrinkers. 




THE WORCESTER MACAZINE. 



U 



<:^d^i^ 




€^<Yry 



P. E,. SOMERS, 



<^ Manufacturer of v** 



a$titia macbine Cack$ 



• • • • 



Hand Shoe Tacks of the Best Quality. 
Channel Nails^ Cobblers' Nails, Swedes 
Countersunk Nails, and J* ^ ^"^ .J* 



Hung^arian Nails. 



No. 17 Hertnon Street, 



WORCESTER, MASS. 





Die Malcing and Special Stampings. 



THOMAS J. SAWYER, 

Practical Machinist 

Manufacturer of a 3-Foot Iron-Work- 
ing- Planer. Combined hand or power. 

Experimental and Special Machinery To Order. 




47 Hermon Street. 



12 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



The T. H- Buckley Lupeb Wagon 



Established 1SS9. 

Incorporated 1S97. 

Telephone 6S0. 



Night Lunch Wagons of Every 
Description FOR SALE or TO 
LET 



■IVIanufaetaring & Gatering Go. 



Patentees, Designees and Sole fflanufactupeps of 

ff pl^A///> J-fmiKO C^nfo** wr Lmi<-h Wagons. The Best Made. Also Builders and Oper- 
(Trailc Murk.) "^ ators of the "White House" Qiiick Lunch Cafes 

Office and Factory : Rear 281 Grafton Street, Worcester, Mass. 




Envelope Company 



Manufacturers of All Kinds 
^ ^ jl and Sizes of 

^ g nvelopes. 




ii 



Citbograpbcd, Printed 
or Plain. 

Metal Clasp Mail- 



ingf Envelopes^ J- 
Papeteries^ J- j* 
Paper Boxes. J' J- 



* 



Our Envelopes are Standard Grades 
S ji jl and Standard Weights. 

75 School Street, Worcester. 



Wilson & Smith, 



^ 



Cold Metal 



Punching 6 



Die Making. 



^^^ ^* ^?* ^^% ^% 



Vine and Foundry Sts., 
cJ Worcester, Mass. 



ncu' Vork: Cor. Spring and Ulooster Sts. 

Boston : 52 Ulasbington Street. 



Wm. H. Burns 
... Company. 



Chicago: }i4 inedinah Cemple. 

Philadelphia : 424 Cbompson Street. 




]\/[ aaufacturers of ♦♦♦♦ / 

RCbc 
oyal muslin 

Undergarments 

FOR WOMEN AND 
CHILDREN. ^ ^ 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



13 



I 



i(: 



I ;^ERRY'S 



I 

I 
f 
I 



If 



Pattern 
Shop, 

20 Sali9Lnir\> St., 

Morccstcr, /IDass. 



I 



I 



MY SPECIALTY IS 

PATTERN=MAKING. 




Worcester 
rill 
rinders. 

10 Uarictics. 

"^% ^^^- The Washburn Shops, ^!^^^ 

WORCESTER, MASS. 

MACHINISTS, PATTERN=MAKERS, 
BRASS AND IRON FOUNDERS 

manufacturers of Ci()ht IttJchinc Cools ii 6rindlna lllachinerv. 

UNION WATER METER CO. 




J. p. K.OTIS, 

Prcs. and Manager. 

EDW. P. KING, 

Treas. and Supt. 

^Water 
Meters, 

WORCESTER, 
MASS. 



Estab lished 1884. 



A. L. 'BE MIS. 

pattern=MaKing, 



5 CYPRESS STREET, 

WORCESTER. MASS. 



Model, Cabinet Work 



and Fine Wood Jobbing. 



Drafting and Designing 

jFor all lnll^s of 
/iP.ncbiiicrw 



METAL LETTERS FOR PATTERNS. ESTIMATES CHEERFULLY GIVEN. 





l-.--l;iblishc(l 1S71. 1 iif M piiraU .1 i ^--^ 

HARRINGTON & RICHARDSON ARMS CO,. 

/Baiiufactiucis of 

FIRF.ARMS. 

Descriptivi- Cat^.l.imic on icpusi. WORCESTER, MASS., U. S A. 


^^ 





McGloud, Crane & Minter Go. 

MILLED MACHINE SCREWS. 




Finished Case-Hardened Nuts, .^ 
Semi-Finished Hexagon Nuts, Etc. 

"a. S. Stan^ar^ jTiiusb. 



WORCESTER, MASS. 



G. L. BROWNELL, 



Builder of Improved 

% J-PIINNING 

&^ AND 

" TWISTING 



! 



For Making Hard or 
Soft Twines, Lines 
and Cordage. Wet or 
Dry Twist, from Cot- 
ton, Linen, Hemp, 
Manilla, Sisal, Silk, 
Paper, Jute, Hair, 

MACHINERY , wooi. Etc. 



ADDRESS, Nos. 49 and 51 UNION STREET, 

STATION A. WORCESTER. MASS. 



14 



THE worcestp:r magazine. 



J. p. J. CAHILL, 



rmmfmmfmm. 







vwywwwywwwtfyywy 




ractical 
lumber 



SANITARY.... 
....ENGINEER, 



^ 



Expert on Hydraulics and in the re- 
adjustment of defective appliances. 
Inventor of Plumbing Specialties. 
All work receives personal super- 
vision. Best of References 




Cahill's 

Patent 
Closet 
Syphon. 



Patented 
Auu;ust i6, 1S9S. 



fOK (ipt'iatino- ^vatcr closets, uiiiKil>, tii. 
J?v relcreiice to the illustrations it will be 
seen that there is no seat to ufct out of 
order or wear out ; no leather, rubber or 
any kind of packing; no screws, nuts or pins 
of any kind to wear out or get out of place; 
and, as there are no openings in discharge pipe 
beneath the water line. 



LEAKS ARE IMPOSSIBLE. 



It will operate any style of water closet and 
fit any si/.e or style of tank. It is simple, 
strong and durable, and once set in place needs 
no repairs. 



Absolutely guaranteed to last as 
^ jIt jt long as the tank. 
Call and see it in operation. -J* 



J. P. J. Cahill, 



111 Front Street, 

Worcester, Mass. 



THK WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



15 



gclf'flashinfl R oof Scuttle, 



PATENT .t 
APPLIED FOR. 






^*«^HE above cut represents our Self-flashing Roof Scuttle, or Skylight Curb, which, 

£ being adapted to shingles or slate, stands prominent among our Building Specialties. 

\m Same is respectfully submitted to Architects, Builders and Property Owners. By 

its use all danger of leakage is overcome. These are made in stock sizes, and 

price includes wood curb with all flashing attached complete ready to fasten to the roof. 

No solder required. Absolutely storm proof : simple and effective. 

Remember, we manufacture a full line of Sheet Metal Building Materials. Copper and 
Galvanized Iron Cornice, Skylights, Ventilators, Finials, etc. We also carry a large assort- 
ment of Steel Ceilings. 

New E,ngland Steel R^oofing Co. 

WORCE.STER, MASS. 



tl^etropolitan Storage 
Q\ & Loan Company, 



t 

Vl/ 



SUnajic for I'ui iiitiiic, I'iaiins, Work.-, oi 
Art, Bric-a- Brac. Merchandise, Carriages 
and other vehicles, .^oo separate rooms, 
lig-ht , clean and dry. Goods packed and 
shipped with care. The Best Storage for 
the Least Money in the citv 



JOHN W. KNIBBS, Proprietor. 

Manufacturer of and Agent for Common- 
Sense Rubber Tires, the Cheapest and Best 
Tire in the market for light carriages. „< J* 

Storage VVarerooms, 6 Barton Place, From .Main St. opp. City Hall. 

TELEFIIUNES : STOKAGK. 87-4; STABLKS, 843-3. 



Central Board, Livery 
. . . and Feed Stable. 



10 THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 

^ /^^HK first Two Months of 1901, and of the .^ >5 

m 20th CENTURY will be recognized and €)^) '^^ 



remembered as 

BARGAIN MONTHS AT 



/fK 




<ya 



<^a 



Johnson, Carpenter & Co/s 

At LESS THAN COST PRICES 

will be made on all 



WOOL and FUR GARMENTS, . . . 
WRAPPERS, SKIRTS and WAISTS. 



Every Lady in the citv knows the class of Garments we carry, 
which should be advertisement enough, but we take this New 
CjJ Magazine as the Proper Medium to Emphasize the Fact, and OF 
OUR MARK-DOWN SALE. 



ZTbc XXlorceetcr (Ba^ctte 




Believes in public spirit. It believes in 
Worcester, its manufactories and industries, 
it has, through its columns, advocated that 
which was best for Worcester, and it will 
continue to do so. 

Let every citizen shout for Worcester and 
work for Worcester and he will make the 
work of the Board of Trade more easy of 
accomplishment. 




Xlbe IKHorccster (Basette 



Is for anything that will assist to 
Worcester's prosperity. 



X 




GENERAL CHARLES DEVENS. 



The Worcester Magazine 



Vol. 



JANUARY, 1 90 1 



N 



O. I 



Announcement, by Editor and Committee. 




[HERE is no field of study and 
inquiry more fruitful than that 
exceedingly broad one which 
includes the development of 
the modern city, and none 
more interesting to the stu- 
dent of civics. In America 
the modern cities are the 
wonder of the world, having 
risen so rapidly as to seem 
veritable products of magic. While 
European cities trace their begin- 
nmgs back to times almost coeval with 
the beginnings of history, in America 
many of the cities have" been created 
within the life of the past two genera- 
tions, and all have become great since 
our grandsires' times. Out of nothing 
to chaos, from chaos to— what is seen 
to-day. The American cities have grown 
fast, but all find time to consider their 
growth, sooner or later, and all finallv ar- 
rive at that point where such considera- 
tion settles itself upon lines believed to 
he scientific as well as progressive. In 
nearly every American city there is now 
a very strong sentiment calling for or- 
derly and efTective methods, and de- 
manding that tlic best that science can 
devise in the way of ])rinciples of govern- 
ment and growth be understood and 
tested. 

This spirit has opened a field of study 



of very great importance and interest. 
It IS the aim of the Worcester 
AIagazine to enter this field in the spirit 
of the earnest student, hoping to be of 
special and particular service to the city 
of Worcester. Tt is realized that the 
civic problems that present themselves 
to Worcester are of vital importance to 
other cities, and vice versa. It is not 
possible, therefore, that this magazine be 
local, in the sense that it shall be of no 
value to other cities. On the contrary, 
it is inevitable that its field of interest 
can only be defined as extending to and 
uicluding all municipalities, not except- 
ing the towns of Xew England and the 
boroughs and villages of the western 
states. It is hoped and planned to treat 
topics of interest and importance to 
cities the world over, and through such 
catholicity of sympathy to assist Wor- 
cester to a full realization of the great 
fact that a good citizen of one citv is. of 
necessity, a good citizen of the world, 
and that through the tie binding cities 
together there courses the very life-blood 
of civilization and progress. 

While it is neither j)ossible nor desir- 
able to exactly limit or precisely define 
the scope of a publication of this nature, 
and its conductors desire not to fetter 
themselves in such manner, the Wor- 
cester Magazine designs to con- 



20 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE, 



cern itself chiefly with what may be 
called the physical condition and prog- 
ress of cities, rather than with those 
questions that more particularly relate to 
sociology and ethics. These two fields 
cannot be completely separated. They 
infringe upon each other's territory, and 
overlap at many boundary points. Yet 
in a general sense they may be arbitrarily 
considered as distinct, due allowance 
being always had for points of contact 
and reciprocal influence. 

It is often remarked that the business 
of a city should be conducted after the 
fashion of a corporation or private enter- 
prise, and upon this dictum has been 
based a great volume of criticism of city 
administration. This shibboleth is true ; 
and in a sense it is false. There are par- 
ticular and peculiar circumstances that 
differentiate each Imsiness from every 
other, whether of a private citizen, of a 
corporation, or of a city. The greater 
the number of individuals concerned the 
more marked and the more imperative is 
the differentiation. The city is an ag- 
gregate of individuals greatly in excess 
of the aggregate of people interested in 
any corporation, and an aggregate of in- 
terests widely at variance with the in- 
terests of stockholders in corporations. 

Consider the photograph : a picture of 
an individual reveals all his features in 
bold relief and in undoubted verisimili- 
tude. Take a composite picture of two 



persons, and the sharp and clear individ- 
uality begins to merge itself into modi- 
fications and generalities. Make vour 
composite of a dozen persons and indi- 
viduality becomes almost swallowed up 
in racial characteristics. Make your 
composite of hundreds of individuals 
and the result is strictly typical, with not 
a trace of individuality. So it is with 
cities when compared with individuals. 
It is impossible to consider the great 
communal interests of cities as identical 
in nature with the interests of persons, 
firms or corporations. The points of re- 
semblance, if properly understood, serve 
but to emphasize the divergences, and 
lead naturally to such a contemplation of 
civic problems as may fairly be expected 
to assist in their rightful solution. 

In nearly every line of civic activity 
the work is comparatively new, and in 
many it is yet distinctly experimental. 
The gradual working-out of the princi- 
ples of city control, the getting of the 
civic machinery into easy and correct 
operation, is a process of surpassing in- 
terest and value to the citizens. It is a 
leading motive of this magazine to be- 
come the medium between the interested 
citizen and the interesting process of 
civic growth. To this end it is designed 
to make it of a graphic and expository 
nature, rather than of a philosophic and 
academic character, Worcester being al- 
wavs the kev-note. 



Editorial Note. — The Committee on Publication and the Editor desire to ask 
readers to consider that the interval between the resolve to issue The Worcester 
Magazine and its actual publication was somewhat too brief to allow of procur- 
ing such material as was desired, in all cases, and the contents of this first issue 
may not, therefore, be as varied and balanced as some readers may deem desir" 
able. Future issues will, it is believed, present features that will be interesting 
and valuable, but which require time for preparation. Cordial thanks are due to 
the authors of articles in this issue, for having sacrificed their own interests and 
convenience to oblige the Editor and the Committee. 



Worcester's Greatest Needs. 




HL :^enibers of the Worcester Board of Trade were asked to send 
TH^: Worcester Magazine their views, in brief form upon this 
quest,on^'<What, in your opinion, is the most pressing need of the 
T ;^ ,^^°/"^^^^^^ '"^ ''' municipal development and life, and what 
should be the attitude, or action, of the Board of Trade with refei" 
ence to it ?' This request has been responded to by several gentl - 
men whose replies are given herewith. These letters indicate that 
he citizens of Worcester are alive to the needs of the city. Some of 
these needs have been recognized as such for many years If "keep 
ing everlastingly at it brings success," there ought to be grounds for 
hope that Worcester may eventually have better vaved .tr...' 7 ^'°''"^' ^""^ 

industrial educational facilities, better busine^LiMi ^^ T^^^^^^ etslm: m"t 
dignity attached to the mayor's office better freicrht f..-i."uu^ ' 

considered desTable fo,- Worcester, and they are reasonable.'they canTe had 



A'/f/us n. Foivler, Est/., Pres. Board of Trad,'. 
The mo.st pressing need of Worcester Its 
needs are various and varied; so are the needs 
ot all cities. It IS easy to catalogue a few the 
most pressing will depend upon one's stand- 
point. 

A first-class hotel ; well-paved and clean 
streets and sidewalks; co-ordination in the work 
of the city departments to secure economv in 
mumcipal expenditures; better transportation 
facilities and rates; improved conditions for the 
development of manufacturing; sympathetic 
interest in and assistance for our new and small 
industries which are to-day the promise and 
potency of our tutureprosperitv; systematic and 
persistent eftorts to secure in the next irener- 
ation a class of skilled artisans and mechanics- 
an estimate of future growth in j.lanning for 
municipal development ; wise provision for citv 
parks and i^laygrounds; enlightened conduct 
ot public schools and their removal from the 
danger of political bickering and wire-pulling; 
that di.stribution of public alimonv which dil- 
courages pauperism and inspires' and fosters 
manhood ; the recognition that our municipal 
lite IS an organic unit and not a confederation 
ot east and west sides, north and south ends- 
an annually accumulating fund for the com- 
memorative adornment of public squares and 
buddings; an artistic unitv in the architecture 
ot our public thoroughfares where every build- 
er and designer looks not '-on his own things, 
but also on the thingsof others." 
The list might be^extendcd without indulging 



in captious criticism of the best managed citv 
m ^ew England ; but these are needs; the ,t,c,f 
IS an all-pervading and generous public spirit 
born of a faith in the ideal city "a sense of that 
which IS to be." 

So we come at the last analysis to faith as 
the pressing need of municipklities no less 
than of individuals, without which all work is 
proiitle.ss, but having which these other thiues 
shall be added. The chief purpose of the 
Board ot Trade, as e.xpressedin its constitution, 
\^/oro,nen/raU- t/tc judgment and hifiiunct- 
ot t/ie luisiness men of Worcester hi forward- 
ing such movements as shall tend to'n-ard^ the 
prosperity of the citv. To this end it supplies 
a place for social and business meetings- it de- 
votes the unjiaid services of a board of twenty 
directors and eleven committees, an efficient 
organization for the expression of public senti- 
ment and for concerted action. It invites all 
public spirited citizens to join its membei-shii)- 
it welcomes suggestions and increased oppor- 
tunities lor useful work, and it is not disheart- 
ened by criticism. The Board of Trade aims 
to focus the public spirit of Worcester, and 
forms a medium for expressing such spirit A 
faith in the future greatness of Worcester is the 
most pressing need of the city, but faith with- 
out works is dead. The Board of Trade is or 
may become, the most efficient instrument to 
convert, as nearly as may be. the ideal city of 
taith into the actual citv of realization. Such 
an instrument must be found in this organiza- 
tion, or in a kindred one. This high purpose 



22 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZIXE 



the Board of Trade endeavors, more or less suc- 
cessfully, to carry out. The degree of its suc- 
cess will directly depend on the indifference or 
the hearty co-operation of each loyal citizen. 

M7-. George IV. Allen. 

It seems to me that the most pressing need of 
Worcester, from a business point of view, at 
present, is such action by the Board of Trade, as 
a body representing the business interests of 
the city, as shall secure better freight facilities, 
and enable us to compete with Boston in that 
respect. I can show letters from John Wana- 
maker of New York, and other eminent firms, 
complaining because goods shipped by us via 
Boston &' Maine Railroad from our side track, 
take a week longer in transportation than goods 
ordered and shipped from Boston and other 
points. The delay, and in many cases the extra 
charges, have been such as to create a strong 
prejudice against us in the minds of dealers, on 
whom we are dependent for trade. This is 
certainly an issue most pertinent to the business 
interests of the city. 

Mr. H. Ward Bates. 

To say what is absolutely the most pressing- 
need of the city of Worcester in its municipal 
development, would require one to be a student 
of the city's affairs in detail; but what is most 
apparent to the average citizen as he goes up 
and down the highways, is the need of a board 
of public work. The time has arrived when 
there should be some i-esponsible head to which 
private corporations and the various depart- 
ments of the city should be accountable in con- 
nection with their use of the streets. As the 
work is done now, it is apparently an easy 
matter and a common habit for light, tele- 
phone, street railway, sewer, highway and 
water companies and departments to follow 
each other in tearing up our thoroughfares, with 
the result that citizens at large are debarred 
from a convenient use of the streets. If the 
work necessary to be done through these vari- 
ous agencies could be outlined and submitted 
to a board of public work at proper intervals, 
it could be so directed that any given locality 
need be disturbed but once during a certain 
period to accommodate all. Such a system 
should obviously result in a great saving to the 
taxpayers, who are now obliged to pay con- 
stantly for reconstruction. 

Mr. H. H. Bigeloii'. 

Stop the drinking of intoxicating liquors and 
the chewing of tobacco. 

Mr. C. jr. Boivker. 

My opinion is that the most pressing need of 
the city of Worcester is to have the taxpayers 
and business men called together at some future 
date, and agree upon some method to nominate 
and elect a mayor, board of aldermen, and 
councilmen, before the municipal election of 
1901, that would be a credit to the city of Wor- 
cester, and such men as would look after the 
best interests of the city. By so doing I think 
there could be a great saving in our taxes, and 
that, if the business men and taxpayers would 
take hold of this matter, the city would be 
greatly benefited. 



Mr. Freeman Broiun. 

One of themost pressing needs of the city of 
Worcester is wider streets, and the advice 
given the Board of Trade a few years since by 
Mr. Henry M. Whitney of Boston, in an ad- 
dress delivered at Mechanics Hall, should be 
followed. I think it would be a good idea to 
have Mr. Whitney's address printed in pam- 
phlet form for free distribution. Pleasant 
street, at its intersection with Main street, 
ought to be widened on the south side from 1 5 
to 20 feet, the widening to extend with de- 
creasing width as far as Chestnut street. 
Shrewsbury street should be widened from 
Washington square to Belmont street to a 
width not less than 80 feet. There are several 
other streets in the congested portion of the city 
which ought to be widened, both from a busi- 
ness standpoint and also for fire protection. 
Mechanic street, between Main and Norwich, 
ought to receive early attention. Just as soon 
as the new sewers are laid in the centre of the 
cit}-, the streets should be paved with block 
paving; asplialtina ought not to be tolerated. 
Street Commissioner W. S. Prior, in his annual 
report for 1900, has stated the pavement ques- 
tion in a business-like manner. I certainly 
hope his advice will be followed. With wider 
and better paved streets, old buildings will give 
way to modern structures, and Worcester will 
be greatly improved. 

Mr. ]Villiain H. Bi/rns. 

By "municipal development and life" I 
presume you mean what pertains to the city's 
enlargement or growth. Manufacturing indus- 
tries are essentially the most important. Fos- 
ter and encourage them, and the increase in 
population and taxable property naturally fol- 
lows. The more rapid the one the greater the 
other. 

The Board of Trade has material at hand, 
and plenty of it, that simply needs intelligent 
manufacturing by the Board of Trade. I be- 
lieve there are gold mines in Worcester, that its 
investors know nothing of, that could be de- 
veloped into rich, paying properties. Some in- 
dividual men have been out on a still hunt, so 
to speak, and have found them, and the Board 
of Trade has among its members brainsenough, 
if appointed on proper committees, to so en- 
courage and shape some manufacturing indus- 
tries now in Worcester that they would add 
more to Worcester's development in five years, 
than has been accomplished in ten. It is not 
an uncommon thing to hear business men sa}', 
"Don't take that to the Board of Trade if you 
want to make a success of it." Try to de- 
velop plans right under our noses, and not go 
off into the woods for them. 

I do not know of anything that could be done 
in connection with the Worcester Board of 
Trade that ought to be of greater benefit, not 
only to the organization itself, but to the city at 
large, than your announcement of a project of 
issuing a magazine or periodical in connec- 
tion with the Worcester Board of Trade. Such 
a matter as this appeals to me very strongly, 
and I wish you the greatest success in the mat- 
ter, because I believe it is a move in the right 
direction. 



THI-: WORCESTER MACAZINE, 



23 



Siipt. of Si/iools C. /■'. Carroll. 

We need, very much, a broad system of in- 
dustrial education. Our young people are in- 
telligent, but they are not prepared to take any 
part in our industrial life. Our high school 
graduates may become professional men, teach- 
ers, clerks, stenographers, and occasionally 
they may become stockholders. But the multi- 
tude are, by reason of their literary training, 
barred out of the most promising pursuits 
which open freely to all who are prepared to 
enter upon them. Pupils who, in addition to 
a good literary education, have received a 
thorough training in any industrial line, are not 
found seeking vainly for employment, nor will 
they content themselves, hoi)elessly and indefi- 
nitely, behind a counter for $io per week. 

Again, Worcester manufacturers inform us 
that their greatest need is found in the absence 
of trained mechanics who have received a lib- 
eral education. At present, these most useful 
and highly paid mencome from other countries, 
where industrial education is a part of the cur- 
riculum in both elementary and secondary 
schools. The presence of a large class of young 
men and women in Worcester, who had re- 
ceived such a training, would indefinitelj' 
strengthen and develop our industrial life. It 
hardly needs to be .said that such a force would 
react most powerfully upon the intellectual, 
artistic, and ethical life of the city. 

This subject calls for much broader treatment 
than is permitted in "200 words," but certainly 
no topic should appeal more strongly to the 
Board of Trade than the usefulness and oppor- 
tunity of its educated young people. 

Mr. Irving li. Coviins. 

One of many ways in which the Board of 
Trade could be useful to the city of Worcester, 
is to stimulate a feeling of unselfish duty to the 
public good among our many able and suc- 
cessful business men, that would lead them to 
give our citizens the benefit of their judgment 
and experience in the elective ofhcesof the City 
Council. The positions of councilmen and al- 
dermen too frequently go to the liustling and 
scheming politician, because successful men of 
business and affairs will not allow their names 
to be used, or will not descend to common polit- 
ical methods to secure their nomination. Wor- 
cester has reached a point in her growth where, 
the histories of larger cities teach us, the men- 
tal and moral fibre of municipal government 
begins to degenerate. Let us profit by their 
experience and take warning in time. 

Hon. 1:1 1 fry />'. Crane. 

The study and practice of economy in the 
conduct of eveiy department. A board should 
at once be constituted, call it board of juihlic 
works if you will, that sliall have charge of the 
e.xecution of all work of the several departments, 
after the orders for such work have passed the 
City Council and received the approval of the 
mayor; and under the direction of this board 
the work should be so arranged and timed that 
it can be executed at the least jiossible cost and 
the least inconvenience to the public. From 
the School Board to the Street Lighting Depart- 
ment, all should cheerfully accept the situation 
and seriously take up the study of frugality and 



retrenchment in their several dejiartments. 
Taxpayers are becoming overburdened; rents 
cannot be materially advanced, because the 
price of labor has not increased in proportion to 
the demands for public improvements. Let 
us not strive to outdo other cities in this or that 
line of work, or send men to the City Council 
for the express ])urpose of engineering some 
special job through the government, as partial 
reward for their election. ( )f course, certain 
improvements must be provided for. But let 
it be done in a business-like way, having in 
mind the .saving of money for the taxpayers, 
and in that way you are saving money for the 
working people who pay rent. 

And it should be the work of the Board of 
Trade to foster and encourage such business- 
like economy. 

Mr. ,1. /'. Cris/y. 

An important need of Worcester is more 
manufacturing business. The action of the 
Board of Trade should be to put into its offices 
active, resourceful men, who have shown abil- 
ity to construct along self-reliant, original 
lines. Thus far the board has laboriously 
culled out and suppressed most of its members 
of that quality. It has kept in the foreground 
too large a percentage of negative men, who 
frown upon hope, ambition and effort; who are 
sure the future will return only blanks, who are 
witliout experience in creating results, and who 
fail in occasional faint-hearted and unpractical 
attempts to establish business in Worcester. 
This city was not built up by such men ; they 
figure only as the beneficiaries of the stronger 
and more original men to whom we are all in- 
debted. When the Board of Trade is directed 
by the kind of men who built up this city, 
Worcester will find a way to keep and develop 
the inventions conceived by Worcester mechan- 
ics; ways, also, to attract industries from else- 
where. This must be brought about or Wor- 
cester must suffer. The present danger is in 
the tendency to merge our already large indus- 
tries into combinations larger, to be followed, 
through natural and inevitable operation, by 
removal to more favorable locations. 

The remedv is to, as formerly, keep raising 
and developing a crop of new concerns, espe- 
cially new kinds of manufacturing. 

.Ur. fames Draper. 

Amongst the most pressing needs of the city 
of Worcester in its development and life, I con- 
sider the improvement of the main arteries of 
travel from the adjoining towns. 'I'his has 
already been done in some directions. The 
widening of Shrewsbury street still remains un- 
touched, notwithstanding the efforts made by 
the Board of Trade to hasten the work. The 
cramped condition of Millliun,- street can be re- 
lieved greatly by the completion of South Hard- 
ing street, which parallels the same. This 
done, and its extension north from P'ranklin 
street to Front street will open a most impor- 
tant thoroughtare from Front street to Cam- 
bridge square, or the junction of Millbur\- and 
Cambridge streets. Since .Shrewsbury and 
Millbury streets have been double-tracked for 
the street railway, travel is not only cramped 
and difficult, but attended with great danger. 



24 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE 



M7\ [ohn G/'lman. 

In my judgment, one of the best plans for 
the citizens of this city to carry out, is for the 
moneyed men and banks to raise $i,coo,ooo, 
and form an association for the purpose of loan- 
ing money at reasonable rates, to assist in 
starting new enterprises, or to assist old plants 
to increase their business, and have committees 
chosen to influence railroad companies to trans- 
port manufactured goods at a very low rate to 
the south and west, and even to foreign lands. 

Mr. R. L. Colbert. 

One of the things most needed in Worcester 
is a board of public works. 

Cannot something be done to induce the shoe 
industry to come more freely to Worcester? 
It was once one of the largest, if not the largest, 
in Worcester. 

Postmaster J. Evarts Greene. 

First — vSuch supervision of the streets as 
would prevent the opening and leaving open 
for a week on Main street, opposite the foot of 
Chatham, a pit twelve or more feet in length 
and four or five feet wide, so near the sharp 
descent of Chatham street that there is scarcely 
room for a team coming down that street to 
turn to the right or left. Everything is pre- 
pared for a disaster whenever a horse whose 
nerves are not quite steady, is driven down 
Chatham street. 

Second — Regulations strictly enforced for- 
bidding the blowing of steam whistles of loco- 
motives or factories in the central parts of the 
city. The prohibition should apply to the fire 
alarm signals, which I have known to cause 
serious injury to persons suffering from nervous 
disorders, and to children suddenly awakened 
from a sound sleep by those dismal howls. 
Whatever useful purpose they may serve can 
be accomplished by means less barbarous and 
afflicting. 

Prest. G. Stanley Hall. 

Not to speak of ideal and larger needs, of 
which there are or there always should be 
plenty in a progressive city, two pressing minor 
needs are: First, an illumined clock on 
the corner of Front and Main streets, with two 
illuminated dials facing north and south on 
Main street, and one facing down Front street. 
This would save the mutilation of our admir- 
able City Hall, and would not be expensive. 
Second, more and more tasteful places of 
accommodation accessible to shoppers, stran- 
gers and the pedestrian public generally, such 
as Boston has so elegantly provided in its new 
Public Library. London provides for both sexes 
in subterranean chambers of white brick, and 
such as public hygiene and convenience are now 
causing to be built in many inoffensive and 
even attractive forms, and at frequent intervals 
in the best continental and American cities. 

Air. F. L. Hutchitis. 

I assert that "the most pressing need of the 
city of Worcester, in its municipal develop- 
ment and life," is to have a radical change in 
its charter and management. The mayor 
should never be called upon to personallv 



direct, or approve, the multitudinous affairs 
connected with all the different departments in 
the city management. The mayor should be 
the dignified representative of the municipality, 
charged only with executive duties. There 
should not be two chambers to develop jeal- 
ousy and conflict. It is generally conceded that 
there never has been a nearer approach to ideal 
conditions than in old Xew England town- 
meeting, where all factions contested in open 
arena for supremacy, necessitating the putting 
forward of the strongest men on all sides. The 
evils of a degenerating public service will be 
cured in no other way than by relieving the 
public representative of much of the drudgery 
now required, and selecting them in meetings 
at which all citizens participate. 

To accomplish this let the city be divided 
into districts, sufficiently small to allow of a 
district meeting of all its citizens, they to select 
one or more representatives to a central council, 
whose duties should be legislative only. This 
would require so small a sacrifice of time that 
our most able citizens would feel that they 
could afford to give the city the benefit of their 
sagacity and experience. The management of 
the details of the policy determined by this 
council should be entrusted to either a chief en- 
gineer as a general manager, or, preferably, a 
board of public works, each member of which 
should be elected alternately by the council for 
a term sufficientl}' long (say six years) to make 
it a continuous body. 

Mr. J. Russet Marble. 

It seems to me that what Worcester most 
needs is a modern, commodious and up-to-date 
hotel. To a stranger visiting the city, the im- 
pression made by the hotel is second onlv to 
that made by the character of the public build- 
ings. Worcester, with its churches, Public Li- 
brary, Court House and, City Hall, should not be 
satisfied until it has erected a handsome and 
commodious hotel, suited to the needs of a city 
of 118,000 people. It seems to me that it is a 
matter of civic pride, and one in which we 
should be as much interested as we are in any 
public enterprise. This matter has been called 
to the attention of the Board of Trade very ably 
by Mr. Harlan P. Duncan, and it seems to me 
that it should be taken up by the directors and 
the whole Board of Trade, and an endeavor 
made to incite public sentiment toward the 
successful carrying out of the plan. 

Mr. //'. C. McDonald. 

We need modern hotels in Worcester, a new 
theatre, smooth street paving, better side- 
walks, and an improved method of dis- 
posing of the city's sewage. Modern hotels 
would give Worcester widespread advertising. 
Our theatre is too small to accommodate metro- 
politan companies, and whenever we want to 
see an up-to-date performance, we have to go 
to Boston or Springfield. Smooth street build- 
ing material is badly needed. Our principal 
business thoroughfares are rough and uneven. 
Granite block paving may be all right for gut- 
ters, but it is not modern enough for streets. 
The best is none too good for any metropolis. 
Let's have better streets. Sidewalks are poor 
in some sections. Take Shrewsburv, South- 



rill': WORCESTER MACAZI XE, 



'ZO 



bridge, Canterbury and other streets of busy 
importance, including Millbury street — not a 
sidewalk for many rods, in places. But work- 
ingnien have to use those walkless stretches of 
muddy path, and even if it does cost something 
to lay walks, I would say, let's have them. As 
for disposing of the sewage of this city, it 
seems to me that we ought to send it to the sea 
instead of dumjiing it into the already-too-fra- 
grant-Blackstone. Give the business men of 
Millbury a chance to be proud of their town. 
How many Worcester men care to invest in 
Millbury real estate to-day ? Why ? 

These five points should be settled at once, 
and the Worcester Board of Trade, using its in- 
fluence as a mighty power for the public wel- 
fare, ought to usher in the twentieth century by 
working along the lines which I have indicated. 

A/r. Eiigeiic M. Moriarty. 

"The most pressing need of the city of Wor- 
cester in its municipal development and life" is 
to elect men of brains to the city government, 
and the duty "of the Board of Trade with ref- 
erence to it" is to expend money in defeating 
the "little men" that seek to manage the city's 
affairs. 

A Uc nil on a 11 li'/zo Wit/iholdsHis Xante. 

A pressing "need of the city of Worcester in 
its municipal development and life" (who shall 
say that it is not the "most pressing"?) is to 
make it more and more the centre to which all 
the surrounding communities shall feel bound 
to come for purposes of business, pleasure or 
otherwise. A city of 120,000 people, with no 
other city as large within forty miles, naturally 
attracts attention. Its facilities for trade and 
business should always be emphasized, and 
every convenience to use them offered. The 
communities surrounding this centre should be 
induced, by every legitimate means, to "go to 
Worcester" to shop, trade, or seek pleasure. 
Easy accessibility to the city for these commu- 
nities should then be a prime motive of action. 
Good roads should be built, and kept in the 
best repair. More frequent train-service should 
be sought, and cheaper transportation over the 
railroads. The construction of electric street 
railways to all the towns of the central part of 
the state, so far as they are not now built, 
should be encouraged, by the granting of favor- 
able decrees promising a probability of fair re- 
turns upon money invested. More street rail- 
ways will be built if there seems to be a chance 
for an income upon the investment. In this 
latter direction does the greatest opportunity 
for making Worcester grow, seem, at this time, 
to lie. The city officials should do their part, 
and the Board of Trade bv taking up the whole 
subject through proper committees, can. through 
wise action in the premises, justify its own ex- 
istence. 

Mr. //'./. //. Xourse. 
Well-paved streets. 

Mr. Charles Xii/l, Eililor Spy. 

In order to maintain the rate of progress that 
Worcester has shown in the past, it is undoubt- 



edly necessary for the Board of Trade, the 
newspapers, and similar agencies, to make a 
positive effort for improvement. At the same 
time, when we declare that Worcester has cer- 
tain present needs, it is by no means a confes- 
sion of great delinquencies. As a matter of 
pride it behooves us to claim for Worcester the 
place and the rank that is really her due. 
Among those things to which our efforts should 
be directed, are many that are already under 
way, such as the improvement of the street 
railway facilities, and the changing of the grade 
of the steam railroad tracks. Both of these are 
verj' important. We are fortunate here in having 
good municipal government, and, in the main, 
one that looks at public expenditure in a con- 
servative but business-like way. Worcester 
should have more smooth paving. The condi- 
tion of Main, Front and Pleasant streets, par- 
ticularly, is not at all creditable to a city of the 
size and importance of Worcester. There are 
three kinds of pavements that are being gen- 
erally adopted by progressive cities — asphalt, 
asphalt block, and vitrified brick. Although the 
need of paved streets may not be considered 
jiressing, it is certainly important, it seems to 
me, not to have any more stone pavements 
laid, except, perhaps, in the heavy manufac- 
turing districts. 

Mr. Charles D. Parker. 

More faith in Worcester and Worcester enter- 
prises on the part of those people who are able 
to promote such matters and bring them to suc- 
cessful issue. The fact that Worcester has 
been growing at such an even and rapid rate 
for years, and that so many men have been 
successful here, argues that this is as good a 
place in which to succeed, taking all things 
into account, as there is anywhere. Where 
men succeed, money must be provided, and it 
follows that Worcester is, and will continue to 
be, a good place for investment. 

Architecturally, we need better business 
houses, to compare with our residence sections. 
For a cit\- of this importance. Main street is 
positively shabby, taken as a whole. Instead 
of patching up the old buildings with respectable 
store fronts, the city needs to have them 
cleaned out entire, and replaced with new 
buildings, brought by city ordinance to approx- 
imately the same height. Suppose we adopt 
a six-stor\' building as a standard. The front- 
age from Central Kxchange to Burnside build- 
ing is none too good for the entire street. If 
the returns are only moderate for a few years, 
the future will amply justify the investment, 
and tiie reflex influence on the city's business 
will hasten this result. 

Mr. Geori^e W. /V/v. 

F'or the future welfare of the c<3mniunity of 
Worcester, would be to endeavor to seek broad- 
minded men. who possess the highest characttr, 
lear/i/Ni^ , and (nis/ness ability ; men that have 
advanced in years, enough to have the practical 
knowledge of business. Such men, put at the 
heads of the several departments, will mean 
success and jirosj^erity. 



26 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE 



Ihirton IV. Potter, Esq. 

"The most pressing need of Worcester in its 
municipal development and life" is the cultiva- 
tion of a municipal spirit and loyalty, that will 
make eveiy one prefer the city's welfare to his 
own, and cause him to work as hard for a need- 
ed public improvement as for his election to an 
office. ^Yhen j'ou come to concrete objects, the 
improvement of the city as a residential place 
is very important. Factories, machine shops 
and warehouses are good things, but just so 
soon as a city loses its attractions as a residen- 
tial place, it sinks to the level of a third or 
fourth class city. The improvements most 
needed now for residential purposes are: 

First — The abolition of the grade crossings 
in accordance with the terms of the legislative 
act, with artistic bridges and up-to-date railroad 
stations. 

Second — The pavement of Main street from 
Lincoln square to New Worcester with first- 
class material and in a thorough manner. 

Third^The construction of a boulevard to 
Lake Ouinsigamond, eighty or a hundred feet 
wide, over Shrewsbury and Belmont streets. 

Fourth— The betterment of the other roads 
and roadsides of the city, the beautifying of 
the parks, and the improvement of the schools. 

Of course "the attitude, or action, of the 
Board of Trade with reference" to these mat- 
ters, should be favorable and conducive to 
their accomplishment. The creation of a cor- 
rect public sentiment is the condition precedent 
to every progressive step in communal life, and 
I trust the Worcester Maoazink will be a use- 
ful and powerful educator in the advancement 
of the city's welfare. 

Hon. A. S. Roe. 

Replying to yours of recent date, I should 
say that among the pressing needs of Wor- 
cester as they appeal to me, are: First, an ex- 
tension of her street railway sj-stem, so that all 
parts of the city and suburbs may be easily and 
readily reached. Second, an absolute end of 
the idea that trade cannot thrive a stone's throw 
away from Harrington corner. In other words, a 
centrifugal force that will necessitate the devel- 
ment of business streets parallel with and at 
right angles to Main street. Third, the placing 
of free swimming facilities in each one of the 
ponds in and about the city, with the prepara- 
tion and maintenance of open play spaces, at 
least one in each ward, for masculine young 
America, where running, leaping, base and 
football will effectually destroy his mischievous 
tendencies, and send him, each night, clean, 
tired and satisfied, to an innocent bed, thus 
doing much towards assuring a future free 
from criminal probabilities. 

Mr.'I/io)iiasJ. Sawyer. 

Streets that are free from car-tracks, wider 
streets, and the addition of new ones to par- 
allel such as are now congested. To be more 
explicit, a material increase in capacity and 
numbers of those streets which can be styled 
arteries. Some of our important streets were 
considered too narrow when the population was 
one-half its present number. Now all such are 
in that condition, caused almost whollv by the 
great extension of street-car service. The loss 
in serviceability for other purposes to streets 



having railway franchises would average fifty 
per cent. 

Mr. H. Schervee. 

First-class hotels. I know of several trav- 
eling-men that, owing to poor accommodation, 
refuse to come to Worcester, and make us go to 
Boston to buy goods. There are probably hun- 
dreds of cases of this kind, and people would 
spend their money here had there been better 
accommodations. This applies to other people 
as well as traveling-men. 

Mr. /. Henry Searles. 

"The most pressing need of the city of Wor- 
cester in its municipal development and life," 
is a more virile citizenship. The life and force 
of a municipality are dependent upon the char- 
acter of the people of which it is composed. 
Grant that in order to have development and 
hfe, municipal affairs must be honestly and effi- 
ciently administered, and it becomes at once 
evident that only such men as are of known 
honesty, uprightness of character and business 
ability, should be entrusted with public office. 
If, however, the men possessing in largest de- 
gree these qualifications, begin "with one 
accord to make excuse," then, indeed, are the 
times out of joint, and the only remedy is a 
larger appreciation of the claims of the state 
upon the individual, and a more conscientious 
acceptance of individual responsibility. 

The Board of Trade of Worcester, composed 
of its most prominent and able citizens, repre- 
senting its business and civic life, should speak 
with loudest and most convincing voice for 
purity, honesty and efficiency in pulalic affairs, 
and self-sacrificing service in public office on 
the part of its citizens. 

I believe that the Worcester Macazine can 
be made in no small degree a factor in Worces- 
ter's municipal development and civic life. 

Mr. George M. Wright. 

I believe the most pressing need of Worces- 
ter is a first-class, up-to-date, fireproof hotel, of 
most modern construction (not built between 
blocks of equal height, whose walls help to 
support it). It should be well lighted, with 
well-appointed rooms, centrally located, with 
something of elegance in its general plan and 
furnishing. It should be a building, I believe, 
to cost not less than $200,000 to $300,000, fur- 
nished. In my opinion, after close observation 
in various cities but little larger than Worces- 
ter, a first-class hotel, like the Ten Eyck at 
Albany, Powers at Rochester, Iroquois at Buf- 
falo, Hollander at Cleveland, and others, gives 
a city a great prestige. 

I believe the Board of Trade should care- 
fully consider the advisabilit}' of interesting 
some capitalist in this enterprise, or take steps 
to form a syndicate company, the stock of 
which would be subscribed for by the general 
public, with a few well-known, reputable men 
to act as trustees for the stockholders' interests, 
and lease the house to a first-class, successful 
hotel man to run. We may be justly proud of 
our city, and our pride .should make us willing 
to contribute substantially to such an enter- 
prise, which would be a paving investment, as 
well as a great boon to our municipal life and 
growth. 



\\\)rcester: An Apprcciatixe Note. 



Recently 1 was conversino- with a 
young Cliioago matron, in her lionic, 
upon the subject nearest the heart of any 
one with five l'>oys to "bring up." I-'inal- 
ly we touched u])()n the sul)ject of edu- 
cation and en\'ironnK'nt, and the merits 
of tlie great nniversit\- cities and small 
college towns were canvassed, in what 
Air. V>nk would delight to call a "heart- 
to-heart"' talk. The young matron was 
thouglitful for a few moments, evidently 
giving the idea in her mind time to logi- 
cally form itself into a concrete expres- 
sion, and then she said, musingly, as 
though more to herself than to me: 

''I suppose, looking the problem frank- 
ly in the face, there is really no ])lace in 
the country so altogether admirable for 
the up-bringing of a family of boys, like 
mine, as \A'orcester." 

As no s]jecific rc])ly seemed to be re- 
(juired, I did not disturb her thought, 
hoping for more spontaneous expression. 

"Charlie and I often speak of some- 
time living in New England. But, how 
he would stir tlu- business peo])le up'." 
And the sul)ject was dismissed with a 
laugh, and the relation of the invasion of 
a P.oston retail shop b\ tlu- hustling 
young Cliicagoan. There was a sigh a 
little later, and a nuu^nnu'ecl "sometime, 
])erlia]is." 

It was only a fortnight previous to the 
above incident that I was holding some 
serious converse with a Worcester busi- 



ness man, trying to arrive at an intelli- 
gent analysis of the attraction Worcester 
had for both of us. He remarked: ''] 
really cannot define it, in terms, but from 
the day I arrived in Worcester, some 
tens of years ago. T have felt at home. 
and have never felt any desire to seek 
other 'green fields and j)astures new.' " 
Again, just the other day. I was riding 
out toward Leicester and was asked by 
a keen-eyed. farmer-looking man : 
"Where "bouts is Lee-cester; this side o' 
!^]iencer or 'tother side?" I gave the re- 
quired information, carefully pronounc- 
ing the name of our self-respecting hill 
neighbor Les-tcr. having in mind the 
admoniiion of that great philosophical 
mciUor. .Marcus Aurelius. regarding the 
proper method for the correcting of pro- 
nunciation, and such like lapses. My 
bucolic neighbor said never another word 
until we had passed New Worcester and 
were pushing on toward Cherry \'alley. 
when he turned to me. and after a long. 
\ncient-I\Iariner lt)ok.aud with the air of 
lavinsfdown a ucwl\ -iliscovered but most 
imi)ortant truth, said : 

"Worcester's (|uite a cit\. T tell \e!" 
llis challenging eye dwelt upon mine 
for a space, was withdrawn, anil though 
wc were trolley-mates until well into the 
midst of ancient Ouaboag. not another 
word did we speak to each other. He 
had uttered a great truth, and was en- 
titled to silence. Ci. h. 



The city owes a large debt to Mr. Henry D. mechanical enterprises. The Oread Institute of 

Perky for the development of the shredded Domestic Science, opened by Mr. Perky, is an 

wheat industn-. Its location here was a tribute imirortant addition to Worcester's educational 

to the skill of Worcester mechanics and to the facilities. Its students represent nearly every 

advantages afforded here for inaugurating new state in the Union. 



A Letter of Greetinor. 

C5 



RoxBURY. ]\Iass., Dec. 14, lyoo. 

Dear Sir: i have learned with great 
satisfaction that you propose to estab- 
Hsh The Worcester Magazine. You 
have ample room in \\'orcester for such 
an enterprise. 

I think that you perhaps know that I 
was in the habit for manv vears of calliup- 
Worcester a "western town in the heart 
of New England." Whether the Worces- 
ter people liked this or not, I never knew. 
But it intimated what was the truth, that 
with all the dignity, elegance and seren- 
ity attached to the old idea of the inte- 
rior town in New England, Worcester 
had the animation and forward look of 
the western town. Whether the people 
like my epigram or not I can not tell, 
but I wish that they would see that this 
union is a very fortunate union for the 
city which wishes to do the work of God 
in this world. Such a city must "look 
forward and not back," and it must 
"Lend a Hand." Yet, at the same time. 
its foundations must be among the eter- 
nities ; as the pulpit would have said fifty 
years ago. its foundations must l)e on the 
rock of ages. 

The loyalty of Worcester men to Wor- 
cester county men has something verv 
fine in it. Sixtv vears ago vou would 
find an old Worcester man saving that 
Timothy Ruggles of Hardwick would 
have been the best militarv commander 



of the American army in the Revolution : 
that he was much better acquainted with 
war than George Washington was, but 
that, unfortunately for America, the lead- 
ership of our army had to be intrusted 
to a Virginian, partly from political rea- 
sons, and partly that Ruggles was on 
King George's side. 

Now we can laugh at this, but the sen- 
timent at bottom is worth retaining. For 
if there ever were a part of Christendom 
where the conditions of successful life 
have been steadfastly maintained, that 
part of the world is Worcester county. 
And so far as I have observed, when the 
people of Worcester county have sought 
first the Kingdom of God and His right- 
eousness, the things which relate to tem- 
poral prosperity have been added unto 
them. For instance, thev sought the 
Kingdom of God and His righteousness 
in the critical struggles of this nation be- 
tween 1850 and 1865 ; and so far as I 
have observed, in the shape of Brussels 
carpets, electric lights, nice trollev cars, 
silver dollars, gold eagles, and shekels 
of manv other kinds, these things have 
been added unto them. 

Please place me on the subscription 
list of The Worcester ]\L\g.\zixe. and 
be sure that I shall annoy the editors 
from time to time with my inquiries and 
suggestions. Truly yours. 

Edw. E. Hale. 



Meetings of committees on membership, sta- The directors were advised at their Decem- 
tistics, ways and means, transportation, munic- ber meeting, of the compliance with their re- 
ipal affairs, and meetings and receptions, have quest by the Boston & Albany Railroad for bet- 
been held during the past month. ter train service, and that the new schedule 

The directors at the last monthly meeting gives Worcester a train leaving Boston at 5. 10. 

considered an unusual amount of important reaching here at 6.22. 
business. 



Somethincj About Worcester. 



By Pres. T. C. Mendenhall. 




] 1 E casual visitor to the city of 
Worcester, or the temporary 
resident therein, may not ex- 
pect to understand, ap])reciate 
or e\en to recognize manv of 
its most attractive and admir- 
able (|ualities. In respect to 
some of these it is almost 
unicjue among cities of its 
class, and yet they are so un- 
obtrusive as to escape an examination 
that is not something more than super- 
ficial. C )n the other hand the city has 
some characteristics which rather un- 
pleasantly thrust themselves upon one 
who for the first time makes its acquaint- 
ance, and especially if it be compared 
with a niunber of western towns not dif- 
fering from it greatly in population. 
Some of the differences which such a 
comparison would develoj) are import- 
ant, and some are luiimportant. Even 
those that are but trivial in character are 
not unworthy of attention, for they are 
precisely the things that pass quite im- 
noticed by those who have had the good 
fortune to live long within the city limits. 
If a stranger, visiting the city for a few 
days, wishes to make or return a call, 
he will naturally expect to be guided to 
his destination 1)\- the street and numljer 
as exhibited in the directory, or upon 
the card of his friend. lie will shortly 
learn, however, that a wt^rking knowl- 
edge of the streets of \\'orcester is some- 
thing that, while it may be inherited, can 
be ac([uired in little short of a lifetime. 
unless, of coiu'se. one is willing to devote 
one's entire time to the masterv of this 
difficult accomplishment, lie is greatly 
impressed with the womlerful way in 



which one street changes into another, 
(jften without showing a trace of a joint, 
and he is often perplexed, not to say irri- 
tated, by the imiunierable other streets 
that start ofif bravely enough, making a 
great show of meaning to go somewhere 
or to tie on to something, but which come 
to an early end in a most ignominious 
fashion, scjuare against a stone wall or the 
rear end of a barn. If he should innocent- 
ly adojit such streets into his system of 
co-ordinates, expecting thereby to reach 
his destination, it is tolerably certain that 
he will be compelled sooner or later to 
reverse his steps and. in general, to seek 
Main street for a fresh start: an experi- 
ence which, at least, leaves a distinct im- 
pression that the cit\- is one of three di- 
mensions and not two, as is usually the 
case. He also notes the wise (or other- 
wise) economy of the city fathers in as- 
stnuing that the names of the streets are 
nu)stly known to those who have an}' 
right to be on them, observing that even 
where street crossings are marked, only 
a single name-board is put up. the letters 
upon which are supposed to be seen and 
read at all azinuuhs and all distances. 

If at last, by reason of perseverance 
and the possession of rather more than 
averaire intelligence, his street is secure, 
the identification of a house by its mmi- 
ber oft'ers a new and tlifficult problem, 
one too often impossible. The visitor 
may. indeed, find whole blocks in which 
house numbers are not to be found, or 
;it least have not. at last account. Ijeen 
found, lor such i> the ingenuity exer- 
cised in nearly all i)arts oi the cit\- in the 
hiding: awav of house numbers in un- 
thought-of places that one can never be 



30 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



sure that a more exhaustive search 
would not reveal a group of figures, 
sometimes as much as an inch in length, 
prettily hidden in an obscure corner by 
a vine which has been trained over them, 
or quite perfectly concealed by a protec- 
tive coloring of rust, whose tint exactly 
matches that of the painted wood to 
which they are attached. If it be night 
he may have recourse to the sense of 
touch, but his safest plan will be to begin 
as soon as he is sure of the street, to 
ring up the residents on both sides, one 
by one, until the right place is found. 

In a little while, however, these things, 
and many others like them, are either for- 
gotten, or they are remembered only as 
first points of contact with the really de- 
lightful social order and civic life of Wor- 
cester, which are all the more charming 
by reason of the dash of local color by 
which they are characterized. 

The fact that in no other city of the 
same class are the streets generally so 
bad, is quite overshadowed by the fact 
that in no other is the supply of water so 
pure and l)ountiful, the citizens of all 
classes so intelligent and law-abiding, the 
municipal government so clean and hon- 
est. Nowhere is more attention given 
to the cultivation of the better and higher 
phases of human life, rare opportunities 
and facilities for which are to be found in 
a great educational system, including 
public and private schools and institu- 
tions for higher learning ; in a great pub- 
lic library which is really a part of the 
scheme of public education; in socie- 
ties for antiquarian and historical re- 
search and publication ; in a splendid art 
museum which is rapidly acquiring, in 
cast, copy or original, examples of the 
best art the world has produced ; in 
numerous lecture courses in which a 
high standard of platform excellence is 
maintained ; and particularly in an in- 
numerable assortment of clubs, socie- 
ties, guilds, etc., etc., almost the sole ob- 



ject of which is the betterment of the in- 
tellectual and moral status of their mem- 
bers and of others who can be brought 
within the sphere of their influence. All 
of these things make for the development 
of character, and so effective have they 
been that the city of Worcester has ac- 
quired a distinction quite independent of, 
if not in spite of. all mere physical or geo- 
graphical characteristics. Indeed, it is 
more truthful to say that this distinction 
has come to the citizen rather than to the 
city and that it is shared by all classes of 
citizens. 

In the meantime, it cannot be denied 
that the material environment of this fine 
citizenship, with all of its ambitions and 
its high ideals, has not improved in a 
manner commensurate with its import- 
ance. Nature has bestowed upon the 
city a topography which greatly facili- 
tates the beautifying of outward Worces- 
ter, also adding, it must be admitted, to 
the difficulty and cost of municipal engi- 
neering. Largely through the generos- 
ity of a few of her citizens, the city has 
Ijecome possessed of a numl^er of pieces 
of land laid out for parks, but with the 
exception of two or three they represent 
little more than future possibilities. The 
buildings of Worcester, especially the 
business blocks, ofBce buildings, hotels, 
etc., do not impress a visitor favorably. 
The great houses in which our important 
manufacturing interests are fostered are 
generally everything that could be de- 
sired, but trade, particularly retail trade, 
seems to be content with much less ap- 
propriate and hence much less attrac- 
tive quarters. It naturally follows that 
the visiting stranger, whose acquaint- 
ance with the city is likely to be re- 
stricted to our Main street, may carry 
away with him an utterly erroneous im- 
pression of the character of our public 
spirited citizenship. Fortunately during 
the past few years a few notable im- 
provements have l)een made in the char- 



w ( )Kci':sTi':k m .\(,azi x i:. 



3i 



actor of the Ijuildini^s on this street, aivl 
ihc'\ lia\'c' (k'luonstrated the ])()ssil:»ihty 
of making" it a really attractive ami inter- 
esting,' avenne. 

'Ihe government hnilding, although 
ver\- far from what it might be, is so 
nmch superior to the great majority of 
buildings erected b\- the general govern- 
ment that there is nmch reason for 
thankfulness. When the unsightl}- struc- 
ture which now hides it is removed, as 
it must surely soon be, it will be a reallv 
attractive feature of the Main street 
vista. Although the new City Hall 
.should have been ])lace(l one or two hun- 
dred feet further back upon the Com- 
mon, it is in design and construction a 
beautiful and satisfactory building, lack- 
ing only a suitable ])oint of view from 
Main street. As an exainple of a per- 
fectly built and thoroughh' equipped 
building for business purposes, few^ cities 
can show anything better than that of the 
State Mutual Life Assurance Company. 
The new Court House has probably been 
criticised more harshly than any other re- 
cently erected public building, largely be- 
cause we forget that tw^o classes of peo- 
])le must not look at unfinished work. 
With the recent completion of its ap- 
proaches, the Court House looks as it 
was meant to look. It is really a noble 
building, seeming more impressive and 
admirable as it is seen more frequently 
and under varying aspects. The last of 
the grouj) is the splenditl Museum of 
Art, which Worcester owes to her great- 
est benefactor. Here simplicity of de- 
sign is joined to great dignity of out- 
ward appearance, which was, however, 
subordinated to an interior ada])tability 
to the purposes for which it was intended 
which is almost ])henomenal. 

Unless the twentieth centiu-y shall 
witness a great change in present stand- 
ards of beauty and utility, these l)uildings 
will be held in respect a hundred years 
hence. Thev are monuments to the good 



taste and judgment of the various com- 
missions, committees, etc.. which have 
directed their construction, to the skill 
of our architects and. as well, to the 
rugged honesty of our great building 
tirms, a (|uality for which tiiey have be- 
come famous. With such good exam- 
ples it will go hard with any interest, 
whether it be ])rivate or ])ublic, that shall 
uidertake to vwc[ u])on the ])rincipal 
street of the town an\' considerable 
structure not at least respectable by com- 
parison. 

But there are other forms in which 
artistic excellence may find expression, 
and often more effectively, than in archi- 
tecture. Indeed, in the best examples of 
the latter there is a close alliance be- 
tween the material product of the build- 
er's taste and skill and some human sen- 
timent for which it stands. The s])lendid 
shaft which stands, admired of all the 
world, on the banks of the Potomac. 
owes nmch of its stately dignity to the 
fact that it is the tribute of a grateful 
people to the illustrious founder of a 
great nation. The impressiveness of the 
chastened l)eauty of the Taj-Mahal is 
heightened by the fact that it is a conse- 
crated sepulchre. 

It is in modeling the human form that 
the artist most satisfactorily niteri)rets 
this human sentiment, and it is through 
sculpture, therefore, that the most etifec- 
tive lessons may be taught and by it the 
most lasting im])ressions are made. 

The great value of the plastic art in 
the outward beautifying of cities and 
towns is well known to all who have 
come in contact with many examples of 
its use, so common in luirope, but one 
mav be pardoned for citing a single illus- 
tration in the Lion at Lucerne. It i-^ 
difficult to imagine a finer tribute to un- 
selfish heroism than that, and it is im- 
possible to over-value the noble senti- 
ments of lovalty and ])atriotisni that it 
inspires among all who are privileged to 



32 



T' li E W O R L E S T 1*: K AE V ( < A Z 1 X J ■: . 



see it. A well wrou^lil statue of one who 
has won distinction in serving' his coun- 
try and his countiwnien, is not only 
worth all it is likcK to cost as a work of 
art, as a silent teacher of lessons whicli 
art alone can instil, hut e\-en much more 
as a never-ending' education in character 
and as an incentive to honorahle achieve- 
ment. The ethical and educational intlu- 
ence of t)utdoor statuary is es])ecially 
threat. A really artistic conunt'moraliou 
of a i^-reat charai'ler in the form of a puh- 
licl}- exposed statue becomes a part of 
the life of the city or neig'hborhood in 
which il may be placed, doing' much to 
influence the tastes and dis])ositions and 
to direct the ambitions of its youth, ll 
invites and com])els attention not only 
ti) the deeds and (|ualities of him in 
whose honor it is erected, but as well to 
those of his contemporaries, to the great 
l^roblems which he helped to solve, and 
in a g-eneral wav to the nobleness of un- 
selfish Inunan efTort. 

It is in this most im])ressive kind ot 
outward adornment that .American cit- 
ies are generall\ deficient. In Europe 
manv small towns and often \'illag"es may 
boast of their public statuary, g^enerally 
excellent from the artistic standpoint and 
always interesting' as an expression of 
pul)lic a])])reciation of exalted life. The 
civilization of Euro])e is measured by 
thousands of years where lumdreds suf- 
fice for that of America, so it is not 
strange that we have hardly yet begun to 
think of some of the most effective meth- 
ods of making our streets and public 
places beautiful or imposing. 

The inner life of the city of Worcester, 
the life of its homes, its churches, its 
schools, its societies, clubs, and the like, 
its many beautiful charities, its highly 
cultivated taste for music and other 
forms of art, the integral of all of these 



is ])erhaps without a parallel in the whole 
country. The outward ex])onent of all 
of this, as shown in the visible, material 
town, is, it must be confessed, something 
of a disa])])ointment. Much has already 
been done, and most generouslw in the 
matter of beautifying public ])laces. The 
recent erection of a tower or gateway on 
the sununit of I'.ancroft hill is a tme 
e\am])le of how a whole citw and. indeed, 
the coimtr\- for miles around, ma\' be 
adorned 1)\- a single tasteful structure. 
h\)r the citizens of \\'(»rcester the new 
century opens with an era of prosperity 
rarely ecpialed in the history of the city. 
It is a g'oi)d time to think of what may 
be done in recognition of the labors of 
those who lived and died to make the 
splendid ])resent a ])ossibility. 

A hundred years ago our ancestors 
thought mainlv of the War of the Revo- 
lution b\- which the nation was created. 
To-day we think', or ought to think, 
nmch of that secontl revolution, the suc- 
cessful supi:)ression of which ])reserved 
the nati(^n and, in a large sense, recre- 
ated it. One of the heroes in that second 
great crisis in the history of our pepole 
was (ieneral Devens, a citizen of Wor- 
cester, illustrious as a soldier, statesman 
and jiu'ist. It is ])r(<posed that the ])eople 
of Worcester and of Massachusetts shall 
honor themselves by conmieniorating 
the life and achievements of Devens in 
an equestrian statue to be ])laced in front 
of the new Court House. No more fitting 
thing could be done and no more fitting 
place found for doing it. 1die glory of a 
city is not, after all. in its conunerce, 
trade or manufactures, but rather in a 
lofty citizenshi]! consecrated to the ser- 
vice of the whole people. Worcester can 
not fail to pay this tribute to the memory 
of one who was an almost ideal example 
of the best forms of human activity. 



Worcester. 




* 



ER hands are stained, but not with public spoil; 

Her civic life is free from spot or shame ; 
Ihe grime she wears is her fit badge of toil — 

Labor has laurelled her with lasting fame. 

Set in rough soil that hid no wealth of ore, 

Denied her right to be the seat of state, 

Unhelped by tides that open Traffic's door. 

She could but work — and work has made her great. 

Those she has suckled on her generous breast 

Drew virile force into red-blooded veins. 

That made them strong to bear life's searching test,— 
Crushed by no loss, unspoiled by honest gains. 

She has bred children like her son, long spared 

To serve the state, in whom pure wisdom dwells; 
First in our hearts, his real rank unshared. 

Thrice great in contrast with the cap and bells. 

No chance has made her great; in moil and sweat 

She has wrought out her place, and kept it clean: 

In new emprise she shall be greater yet. 

Vestal of civics. Labor's very queen! 

FRANK R. BATCHELDER. 







Foreign and Home Boards of Trade. 



By Pres. G. Stanley Hall. 




HA\1': always felt that the 
r.oard of Trade otight to be 
one of the best aiul perhaps 
the very best and most nseful 
of all the institutions of Wor- 
cester, for reasons \vhich I 
tried to state in an address at 
the Board some years ago, 
and which have to my mind 
grt)wn in number and in- 
creased in iorcv since. The policy of the 
Board of Trade needs to be large just in 
proportion to the nund)er of industries 
represented. In a one-industry town 
its ]nu-view needs not, as it nuist with 
widely diversified industries, extend in 
nuun- directions and develop points of 
co-operation and solidarity where they 
are not at first seen. 

In response to the editor's recpiest for 
a brief statement of the points of ditifer- 
ence between American and European 
Boards of Trade, in which latter 1 have 
been interested for the last few years, T 
would say. first, that the chief difference 
is that the Ji boards in Prussia, the ii6 
in France, and the 84 in Great Britain 
are virtually invested with legislative 
power and represented by a minister of 
trade or commerce in the national Cabi- 
net, who is essentially their motithpiece. 
Their organization is more restricted in 
membership : their ofifices filled by ex- 
perts who conuuand high salaries and 
are sometimes competed for by different 
cities ; their immediate infiuence upon 
mtmicipal government is generally 
closer, greater; their reports, usttally an- 
nual, are the best stunmarv of the busi- 



ness statistics of the city : and they often 
include the outlying agricultural inter- 
ests in adjacent towns. The Chamljer (jf 
LOnnnerce or Board of Trade in Berlin 
claims nuich credit for the fact that that 
citv is administered at an expense about 
e([ual to that of the interest on the debt 
of Xew York city ; and the Board of Bir- 
luingham.acitv nearly the size of Boston, 
has had nuich to do in reducing the an- 
nual budget of that citv to a little less 
than one-fourth that of Boston. Hardly 
a nunnci[)al (|uestion of importance is not 
considered, and many of them are practi- 
cally determined by the appropriate com- 
mittee in the Board of Trade. Many of 
the great houses have desks and office 
hours where they meet representatives 
of other concerns in which they are in- 
terested at the Board of Trade building, 
which often has some of its rooms on the 
ground fioor in the heart of the citv, 
where the latest prices and ([notations 
hot froiu the telegraph are always posted 
for the benefit of the public at large. 

The great revolution in nnmicipal ad- 
ministration in Europe during the last 
thirtv vears. which has placed city affairs 
on strictly l)usiness principles, is also 
largely due to the influence of boards of 
trade. These institutions see to it that 
whenever a great nutnicipal i)rol)lcm per- 
taining to new franchises, parks, cross- 
ings, charters, etc., are under discussion, 
all the available light shed by the ex- 
perience of other cities, and even in 
other lands, shall be utilized, and that 
time enough be taken to not only hear 
from, but carefully consider, all that 



THE WuRCESTKR .\l A ( . AZ I X R, 



35 



exports can say. ( )n all tlu'sc prohlcins, 
and also ni)()n sewage, lig'hting', chari- 
ties, etc.. there art' in these countries 
experts who often command hirge sala- 
ries, who are employed sometimes by 
the citv. Hoard of Trade, or both, and 
whose tenure of office is practically per- 
luanent and who instruct new incum- 
bents and seek to secure lonj^-rauL^ed 
policies. The weakness of European 
boards seems to lie in their severely re- 
stricted membershi]). some of them bein,g 
tilled I)y elections, and in their restricted 
number, since the government must as- 
sent to the formation of new boards 
and even to the enlargement of mem- 
bership. 

Tn this country we seem to be taking 
on manv of these ]'Iuroi)ean features. I 
have looked over the re])orts and consti- 
tutions of a number of our own boards 
of trade. I find. viz.. that Cleveland has a 
special committee on the grouping plan 
of ])ublic buildings which has presented 
a magnificent architectural scheme, 
which has been popular and practicable 
through this committee's efforts. Chi- 
cago and Cincinnati have interested 
themselves in the introduction of read- 
ing rooms and libraries in stores and fac- 
tories, thereby ])romoting friendix rela- 
tions between eniploxers and employees. 
Several boards have concerned them- 
selves with legislation to ]~)revent the 
practice of medicine by those not prop- 
erly (jualified ; others to secure more hy- 
gienic school rooms for young children 
in some wards and to remove the base- 
ment school evil; others to establish a 
connnercial ;in<l statistical library in 
tlu'ir ( i\\n clianil)cr> : ( ithcr^ liave etTected 
a system of tracer postal cards, and have 
investigated and removed hundreds of 
delays, no less than whole carloads of 
freight: others have caused l)ctter regu- 
lation u\ the itinerant merchant's license 
and of the l)ankrupt sale nuisance. Re- 
tail merchants' conunittees have been 



formed to encourage truthful and legiti- 
mate advertising, or wholesale boards to 
operate incoming merchants' excur- 
sions for spring and fall buying, and out- 
going trade t'xcursions where local job- 
bers come in touch with their cus- 
tomers, even in neighboring states, 
strengthening present relations and gain- 
ing new trade territory. Street railway 
conunitlees often act as a check u])')ntoo 
ready franchises and scjinetimes have un- 
dertaken to gain lower rates for children, 
workmen and ])atrons at certain regular 
hours, and in one case for all. Statisti- 
cal bureaus are often conducted in the 
office, embracing such topics as receipts 
and shipments of all classes of freight, 
banking, real estate and municipal sta- 
tistics. In nearly all the larger places, 
special conunittees are appointed to con- 
sider s])ecial niuiiici])al ])roblems as they 
arise, and many have arbitration boards. 
Occasionallw when important cpiestions 
are impending, the board has suggested 
non-partisan nominees for certain nuinic- 
ipal offices, to i:)rotect citizens from the 
necessity of having to vote for people of 
whom the\" have never heard. 

In two of our best American chambers 
of commerce, I lind among the purposes 
set forth as the objects which the organi- 
zations aim to cultivate, the stinudation 
of civic pritle and loyalty: the policy of 
praising the city abroad and only dis- 
cussing its disadvantages and short-com- 
ings among ourselves helpfully at home : 
increasing the sentiment that the "good 
citizen thinks of his duties first and his 
rights afterwards, while the bad citizen 
is cl.unorous for rights and seeks to 
evade his duties, even that to serve the 
cit\- in its offices if called to ilo so even 
at some loss ti> his personal financial in- 
terests." 

As historv is always being slowly re- 
written, it is seen that economic or busi- 
ness considerations have underlain and 
controlled most of the great movements 



30 



THE \\'ORCESTl'. R MACA/IXE, 



of the \vlu)lc historic pcriLul. Even pre- 
historic times are called ag'cs of stone, 
bronze, iron, hunting. ])astoral or aj^ri- 
cnltural periods. .\k)st of the cuneiform 
inscriptions are business contracts. 
Phoenicia owed its j^U>ry ii) the g-reat 
caravan routes; Eov]it to its wonderful 
soil that raises man\ crops in six weeks, 
and its g'eometrx to the neetl oi remeas- 
urins;- fields after the .Nile IIchhIs have 
subsided : the ( dx nipic games were fairs ; 
ancient I'arthage. Athens, Alexandria 
and C'onstantiuiiple were itrimarilx great 
emi)oria of trade; the modern age began 
witli the compass, with gunpmvder 
which linished feudalism, anil with the 
guilds which in the Middle Ages, culmi- 
nating in the fourleeuth centurw ruled 
l-".uri)i)e. a cit\ being merely a guild, 
electing otificers as stockholders elect 
directors. Spain rose because $700,000.- 
000 in gold, more than then existed in 
all luu-ojie. came from the New World, 
and she ileclined with this golden stream. 
(lermany's greatness began when h'red- 
erick the ( Ireat inijiorted 42.000 skilled 
workmen. Phili]) the (ireat and Alfred 
the (ireat performed their great work 
with the same leverage; the Companv of 
Massachusetts Pay was a plantation; 
and we achieved independence on a tar- 
iff issue. Such things and corn laws. 
zc^Uverein and couunercial svstems 



make nations great or small, husmess 
is thus a ver\- complex machine, the laws 
of which economists only know in part. 
It makes wars, laws, cities, and deserts; 
created the great middle class which now 
rules the world, of which our country is 
the best representative. If history ever 
is rewritten, as some have latel\- urged 
that it should be. from a business stand- 
]i(^int it will be very different from the 
histories thus far cm-rent, and will show 
that dollars and cents have ruled where 
we did not sns])ect it. ( )ur business 
forms are made b\ business men and not 
bv lawwers trained in Roman law. and 
hence their superiority to those of the 
continent, as every traveler knows. 

Richter describes a man who had vast 
intellectual resources, but who had not 
learned how. to use them ctYcctively, as 
ha\ing sulphur, cdiarcoal and saltpetre, 
or all the ingredients of gunpowder in 
his brain, although he had never made 
a grain ol it because these ingre- 
dients ne\<.r got together. lUisiness 
men not oul\- bear acquaintance well, but 
are most stimulating to each other when 
those of ditTerent lines meet, autl 1 be- 
lieve that if the Worcester Hoard of 
Trade fulfills its possibilities so that all 
the best ingredients of the city's enter- 
]->rise would meet and mingle, something 
lietter than gunpowder will be the result. 



Face to Face with I'acts. 



In the city of Salem, ^lass.. there is 
an organization calleil the Municipal 
Record Society, which seeks to assist the 
citizen in voting understandingiy by plac- 
ing before him an actual record of the 
action of each alderman and comicilman 
through the year. The association em- 
ploys a stenographer to attend all the 
meetings of the governing bc~)ards of the 
cit\ . and record in full the speeches and 
votes of each member. Copies are sent 
to these and ample time is given to make 
corrections. As the time for the annual 
election approaches, a report is prepared 



for submission to the voters, giving 
simply, without criticism or suggestions, 
a plain statement of what has been done, 
and the action of each member on mat- 
ters considered locallx' important. 

This ]dan. or something tpiite similar, 
is in force in (."hicago, and in other cities. 
It is an excellent expedient, and likely 
to be more ctTective for good govern- 
ment than the usual methods of arousing 
public spirit. It is not pleasant for poli- 
ticians to have their records placed be- 
fore every voter in cold, unfeeling print, 
unless those records are creditable. 




FRENCH'S EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF WASHINGTON. 



The Proposed De\ ens Statue, 



Bv J. EvARTs Greene, Esq. 




•" Worcester's soldiers in the 
i^reat Civil War. Major Gen. 
C'harles Devens was the most 
eminent. When President 
Lincoln's tirst call tor volnn- 
teers to put down the Rebel- 
lion was received in Worces- 
ter. Mr. Devens. then a law- 
ver with a lar,^e practice, was 
enga,£^ed in the trial of a case 
in the Court House now a part of the fine 
building- in front of which it is ])roposed 
to place his statue. He at once put him- 
self at the disposal of the governor for 
military duty and placed the cause he was 
trying in the hands of another lawyer. 
He was commissioned major of the 
J'^irst IJattalion of Rifles, composed of 
two companies from Worcester and one 
from Holden. and within six days from 
the time when he was engrossed with his 
legal business, having no thought of mil- 
itary service, he was on his way to the 
front with his command. The battalion 
was stationed during its xhwv months' 
service at h^)rt McHenr}- near Baltimore. 
July 24. 1861. he was commissioned 
colonel of the I5tli Massachusetts X'olun- 
teers, then in camp at Worcester. He 
commanded this regiment in the battle 
of Ball's l')lufT. October 21. where his 
conduct and that of his conuuand re- 
ceived the em])hatic ])raise of Lieneral 
McClellan, and where the regiment suf- 
fered the first of that sdies of terrible 
Ijattle losses by which its valor and 
staunchness were so signally i)rt^ved. 

A few months later Colonel Devens 
was appointed a brigadier general of 



A'ohmteers and assigned to the command 
f a brigade in the 4th Corps. He 







led his brigade in the action before h'ort 
^lagruder in (leneral .McClellan's ad- 
vance up the peninsula in May. i8'')2. and 
in the battle of l-'air (J)aks. May 31. he 
performed brilliant and important ser- 
vice and was severely wounded, after 
having with spUndid gallantrv restored 
the broken lines and held the enem\- in 
check, until the arrival of reinforcements 
gave the victory to the Union army. 

He recovered from his wound in sea- 
son to conmiand his brigade at the bat- 
tle of hredericksburg in December of the 
same year, where he earned the special 
acknowledgment of (jeneral Xewton. his 
corps commander, for his service in com- 
manding the advance and the rear guard 
in crossing and recrossing the river. 
The next spring General Devens was 
])romoted to the command of a division 
in the i i th Corps. In the almost 
inexplicable disaster at Chancellorsville 
his division on the extreme right of 
Hooker's army, after a stubljornly heroic 
resistance to an enormously superior 
force, was crushed by the whole weight 
of Stonewall Jackson's corps. General 
Devens had been badly wounded in the 
foot earl\ in the day. but he refused to 
leave the tiel<l and retained command of 
his division while the battle continued. 

This wound kept him froiu the field 
for some months, but he was ready for 
dutv again at the beginning of Grant's 
\'irginia campaign of 1864, the most ob- 
stinatelv contested and the most sangui- 
narv of the Civil War. < )n the first of 



40 



THE WORCESTKR M At ; A/ I X l-.. 



Juno (.lonoral Powmis' tli\ ision with tor- 
v\h\c loss stonnoil a jHirlion of the ono- 
niy's cntronchod line at CoUl Harbor. 
and two davs later, thonqh so disabled bv 
rhoiunatisin that he could neither mount 
his horse nor stand, he would not tiu-n 
over his eonnnaud. but was carried on a 
stretcher alon;.:- the line of his division, 
which bore its part in the t'lerce and 
bloody but unsuccessful attack on Lee's 
impregnable position. 

(uMieral Devens conunanded the ad- 
\auce i>f the army which entered 
Richmond April 3, 1805, and was for a 
time military governor of the city. He 
was afterward military governor of 
South Carolina for a year or more. At 
the close of the war a conmiission in the 
regular antiy was offereil to him. but he 
declined it. preferring to return to civil 
life auil the practice of his profession. 

1 have given a brief outline of General 
Devens' military service. It is hard, 
probably impossible, for those who have 
no personal memory o\ that time to ap- 
prehend its conditions and appreciate 
the motives which impelled men like 
him to become soKliers. Thousands of 
voung men. doubtless of high and darine 
spirit, were spurred forward 1\\ a craving 
for novel and romantic adventure. P.nt 
the conduct of a man of middle age is 
not controlled by such motives. Having 
already won distinction, standing near 
the head of his profession as an advo- 
cate, sure of some of the greatest prizes 
of civil life if he should choose to accept 
them, the dubious possibilities of per- 
sonal advantage or distinction from 
military service could have had no temp- 
tation for him. Xo one can doubt that 
his motive was a sense of patriotic duty. 
His willingniess to sacrifice all that he 
had achieved and all that he could hope 
for in life to this duty, is what made him 
worthy of a place forever in the atTection 
and honor of his fellow townsmen, and 
will make the statue we purpose to raise 



to his menuM-y an enduring reminder of 
a noble life and an inspiration for otu" 
children's children to the practice oi 
those virtues of which his life was an 
illustration. 

Charles LXw ens was born in Charles- 
town. Massachusetts, April 4. i8jo; was 
educated in the public schools and at 
Harvard College. where he was graduated 
in 1838: was admitted to the bar in 1840; 
practiced law at Xorthtield and at Creen- 
tield ; was a senator from I'ranklin 
county in 1848 and 184^; was appoiiued 
I'nited States marshal for the district of 
Massachusetts by Tresidem Taylor in 

1849. '^'1^^ tilled the ofhce uiuil 1853: 
the next year he came to Worcester and 
in 1850 formed a partnership with 
tieorge F. Hoar and 1. Henry Hill. He 
was city solicitor for three years from 

1850. After his retiremeiu from the 
army he returned to W orcester and re- 
newed his partnership with Mr. Hoar. 
He was appointed a justice of the Su- 
perior Court of ]vlassachusetts in 1807. 
and in 1873 was transferred by appoint- 
ment to the Supreme Court of the state. 
I'pon President Hayes' accession to the 
presidency in 1877. he wished to appoint 
Judge Devens secretary of war. This 
appointment was declined, but a few- 
days after, the president otTered and 
Judge Devens accepted the position of 
attorney general, which he held for four 
years until the end of President Hayes' 
administratie^n. During this time the po- 
sition of judge of the Circuit Court for 
the tirst circuit had become vacant and 
the president e^tiered the appointment to 
Judge Devens. expressing at the same 
time his earnest wish to retain him in 
the Cabinet. Though the ot^ce seemed 
to him extremely desirable. Judge Devens 
put aside his own inclinations and 
yielded to the president's wish. Almost 
immediately after leaving the Cabinet in 
1881. he was again appointed a justice of 
the Massachusetts Supreme Court, and 



TlIK WOKCESTI'lK M A( ,.\ Z 1 XE, 



41 



held that nffuH' until his dralh. |rniuar\- 7. 
i8yi. 

Getieral Devens was cvc-n more rini- 
iR'iil ill civil than in inilitai"\ lite, lie held 
a high rank at the bar and was among 
the very foremost oi his ])i'<)fessi()n as an 
advocate. As a judge he had the entire 
confidence and respect ol the bar as well 
as of the ])ul)lic. As attorney general, 
judge Ih-adk'N said ot" him: "His pro- 
fessional exhibitions in the Supreme 
Com't during the four }ears that he re])- 
resenled the government were character- 
ized bv s(nmd learning chastely and ac- 
curately expressed. great l)readth of view, 
the seizing of strong ])()ints and disre- 
gard of luimite ones, marked deference 
lor tin- court and courtesv to his op])0- 
nents. He was a model to the younger 
members of the bar of a courtK' and ])ol- 
ished advocate." As an orator .Senator 
1 loar has said of him: "T think he was 
unsurpassed in this countr\- in the gener- 
ation to which he belonged in native 
gifts of oratory." Many of his notable 
orations and addresses have been pre- 
served and ])ublished, but some of those 
which affected his hearers most ])r<^- 
foundly were spoken without fore- 
thought, and nothing remains of them 
except a memor\'of sur])assing elo(|Ui'uce 
in the minds of those who heard him. 

("icneral Devens' miaffected syiupathy 
with and respec't for men of all ranks 
and conditions, and especialh' those who 
had served with or under him in the Civil 
War, made all who knew him his frit-nd. 
His (Hgnified mamur nt\er chilled one. 
howi'wr po(ii- .-iiid r<)Ugh, wdio had ]>ccu 
a private soldier. He did not seem t(^ 
such men to look down or to ste]) down 
to their level, bm to stand among them 
as a comrade antl a friend. Senator Hoar, 
in an admiralde eulogy i)repared for the 
American Anti(|uarian Society, of which 
General Devens was a member, said : "It 
is as a soldier that his countrymen will 
remember him. and it is as a soldier that 



he would wish to be remembered. What- 
ever may be said by the philosopher, the 
moralist, or the preacher, the instincts of 
the greater portion of mankind will lead 
them to award the highest meed of ad- 
miiatiou to the military character. Even 
when the most selfish of human passions, 
the love of power or tlu- love of fame, is 
the stiiuulant of the soldier's career, he 
must at least be ready for the supreme 
sacrifice — the willingness to give his life, 
if need be, for the (jbject he is pursuing. 
I hit when his end is purely unselfish, 
when the love of country or the desire 
to save its life by giving his cnvn has 
entire mastery of the soul, all mankind 
are agreed to award to the good soldier 
a glory which it bestows nowhere else. 

"There was nothing lacking in General 
1 )evens to the complete soldierly char- 
acter. He had a passionate love of his 
country ; he W'as absolutely fearless ; he 
never flinched before danger, sickness. 
suffering, or death. He was prompt, res- 
olute and cool in the face of danger. He 
had a warm and affectionate heart. He 
lo\ed his comrades, especially the youth 
who were under his commainl. He had 
that gentle and ])lacable nature whicli so 
often accompanies great courage. He 
was iiica]\able of a jiermanent anger. He 
was still less capable of revenge, or of 
willingness to inflict injury or pain." 

The citv and county t»f Worcester, 
where he won the laurels and prizes of 
hi^ profession, whose sons, every one of 
them loxiiig him like a father, he led on 
the march and in battle, will not, if they 
know their own interest, miss the oppor- 
tunityof perpetuating in enduring bronze 
for the inspiration of future ages the ex- 
ample of such a man, such a citizen, such 
a soldier. 

Some years ago it was proposed to 
erect a statue of General Devens in some 
public place in \\'orcester. and several 
subscriptit)ns were obtained to the fund 
required for the purpose. l)ut for reasons 



42 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



then deemed sufificient it was decided to 
make no further effort at that time. The 
subject was revived at the annual meet- 
ing' of the Fifteenth Regiment Associa- 
tion in October last, at which Senator 
Hoar made an eloquent address, and the 
association appointed a connnittee. con- 
sisting of Captain David M. Earle. Col- 
onel Edward J. Russell, Captain Amos 
Bartlett, Captain T. J- Hastings, Captain 
P. F. Alurray and Captain J. Evarts 
Greene. At a meeting of this committee, 
with others present by invitation, it 
was determined that subscriptions should 
be invited to provide the means for a 
bronze equestrian statue of General 
Devens to be executed l)y the sculptors 
French and Potter, and placed on the 
base provided for such a purpose in front 
of the Court House in Worcester, and 
that the whole matter of procuring sub- 
scriptions should be placed in the hands 
of a committee, consisting of the Hon. 
Emerson Stone, chairman of the County 
Commissioners: the Hon. Rufus B. 
Dodge, mayor ; the Hon. George F. 
Hoar : the Rev. Daniel !Merriman : Dr. 
Thomas C. Mendenhall. president of the 
Polytechnic Institute : Colonel Edward J. 
Russell, and Captain J. Evarts Greene. 

This connnittee subsequently met and 
organized by the choice of the Hon. 
George F. Hoar, chairman : J. Evarts 
Greene, vice-chairman, and Xathaniel 
Paine, president of the City National 
Bank, secretarv and treasurer. This com- 
mittee believe that everv citizen of W'or- 



cester will feel a lively interest in this 
undertaking, and will wish to contribute 
according to his means to place in a con- 
spicuous and appropriate position a 
worthy memorial of a great citizen, and 
a work of such nobility and distinction 
as these artists may be confidentlv ex- 
pected to produce. For, except St. 
Gaudens,who is out of health and has en- 
gagements sufficient to occupy him for 
many years. Mr. French is the foremost 
of living sculptors in reputation, and Mr. 
Potter is without a rival in his mastery of 
animal sculpture. These two artists have 
co-operated in several notable works ; 
the finest, perhaps, is the splendid eques- 
trian statue of Washington, inaugurated 
in Paris last year, a representation of 
which is given on another page of this 
magazine. There is at present. I believe, 
but one equestrian statue in Massachu- 
setts, that of ^^'ashington, by Thomas 
Ball, in the Public Gardens at Boston. 
The proposed statue of ("len. Devens. it 
has been ascertained, will cost $30,000: 
the pedestal, which nuist also be pro- 
vided, will cost not more than $5,000. It 
is expected that the county will pro- 
vide $5,000 and the city a like sum. each 
having been authorized by the Legisla- 
ture to contribute to this extent to this 
object. The rest must be supplied by the 
liberal and public-spirited people of ^^'or- 
cester cc^unty. There need be no fear 
that they will disappoint the expectations 
of the committee. 



The Committee on Meetings and Receptions 
have arranged for smoke-talks at the rooms of 
the Board on the third Thursday evenings of 
January-, Februarj- and March. Members are 
requested to note these talks on their calendars. 
They will occur on Jan. 17, Feb. 21, and March 
21. 

The Board of Trade wishes to acknowledge 
the serviceable aid of ilr. Herman D. Skinner 
in securing the fast afternoon train from 
Boston. 



The Committee on Transportation are trying 
to secure better night train service with New 
York by having a sleeping-car on the midnight 
train each way open to passengers in the even- 
ing and early morning hours. 

The annual banquet has been set for April 
19, a holiday, so business will not detain mem- 
bers from attendance. 

The matter of earlier mail deliveiy in New 
York of letters posted here the previous even- 
ing, has been referred to a special committee. 



Baltimore's New City Charter. 



Bv William Reynolds, Esq. 




mayors 



HE Xcw Cliai'lcr of r.altiiiii>re 
nr^ was framed \)y a special com- 
mission appointed by ordi- 
nance of llu' nia\'or and City 
Council, approved Novem- 
ber 24, i8(j7. I lie conniiis- 
sioners therein named were 
the three city law officers 
and five other leading citi- 
zens, of whom two had l)een 
of Baltimore, one was the 
l)resident of the Johns Hopkins Uni- 
versity, and the two others were lead- 
ing members of the bar. One of these 
w'as subsequently a])pointed attorney 
general of the State and the other elected 
a judge of the court of appeals. They 
served without compensation, and were 
intended to be and in fact were a non- 
partisan body. I'our of them were pro- 
nounced Re|)ul)licans in ])olitics. three of 
them ])ronounce(l Democrats, and the 
eighth an inde])endent. who has never 
held or sought political office. 

On January 2/, 1898. the connnission 
reported the Xew Charter drafted l)y it 
to the State Legislature, then in session, 
which duly enacted it by act of assembly, 
approved ]^Iarch 24, 1898. 

The Charter thus adopted made manv 
and sweeping changes in the city govern- 
ment, some of which went into effect 
at once, but as the new officials and 
boards create(| ])y it were not appoiiued 
until lebruary. Mjoo. the uumicipal gov- 
eruuuut was not fully organized under 
the Xew Charter until .March i. 1900; so 
that at the time of this writing it has 
been in full operation not over ten 
months. 



The controlling princii)les by which 
the connnission was governed in framing 
the Charter were, as stated in their re- 
port to the Legislature: 

1. To locate responsibility upon public offi- 
cials in such a manner that it could not be 
evaded. 

2. To give representation to the minority 
party in all departments, when composed of 
more than one person, so that an opportunity 
might be given to the minority to scrutinize the 
actions of the party in power. 

3. To hold municipal elections at a different 
time from the State and Federal elections, in 
order to separate municipal affairs from the 
influence of the political issues which are 
necessarily involved in State and Federal 
elections. 

4. To require the aid of experts in all de- 
partments where professional knowledge and 
skill are required. 

5. To grant the use of the streets and other 
public property for limited terms to the highest 
bidder, subject to the control and regulation of 
the City during the period of the grant. 

6. To check hasty legislation, especially in 
matters relating to the expenditure of public 
moneys, and to prohibit the creation of floating 
debts. 

7. To remove the public school system 
from all possible political influence. 

8. To place the indigent sick and poor, 
when their treatment, care or supi)ort is paid 
for by the City, under the supervision of City 
officials. 

As the City Charter proper covers 
about 120 pages of large octavo, it is im- 
])ossible. within the limits imposed by an 
article of this character, to give morethan 
a verv imperfect and general statement 
of the principal methods adopted for tlic 
pur]H)se of carrying out these controlling 
])rinciples. To begin with, the executive 
functions of the nuniicipality are vested 



44 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



in a mayor, who is elected for a term of 
four years, and seven executive depart- 
ments known as those of Finance. Law, 
Pul)Hc Safety, PubHc Improvements, 
Pubhc Parks and Squares, Education. 
Charities antl Corrections, and Review 
and Assessments ; together with certain 
municipal officers not embraced in any 
department. Each of these (lei)artments 
has its head, either a municipal officer or 
a municipal board, and most of them are 
divided up into two or more sub-depart- 
ments, each of which also has its own 
appropriate head. Except the comp- 
troller, who is elected by the people, the 
heads of all departments and of all sub- 
departments, and all municipal officials 
not embraced in any department, as well 
as all s])ecial commissions or boards, are 
appointed by the mayor, subject to con- 
firmation by the second branch of the 
City Council, for a term of four years 
uidess otherwise specially provided. The 
officials so appointed are removable bv 
the mavor at anv time durincf the first 
six months after appointment, at his 
pleasure, but thereafter may only be re- 
moved for cause, vipon charges preferred 
and after trial had thereon before him. 

The heads of departments, heads of 
sub-departments, numicipal officers not 
embraced in a department, and all spe- 
cial boards and commissions, have the 
sole power of appointment and removal 
at pleasure of the deputies, assistants and 
subordinates employed by them. The 
city engineer, water engineer, harbor en- 
gineer, inspector of buildings and com- 
missioners of health are all recpiired to 
be e.xperts, who have had at least five 
3-ears' experience in the active practice of 
their respective professions, with the re- 
sponsible charge of work during that pe- 
riod. 

The legislative department of the city 
government consists of the first and sec- 
ond branches of the City Council. The 
first branch is composed of twenty-four 



mendjers. one of whom is elected bv each 
ward of the city everv two years. The 
second branch consists of nine members, 
including its president, who is elected by 
the city at large, and eight other mem- 
bers, two of whom are elected from each 
councilmanic district of six wards, each 
for a term of four years, but so that the 
terms of four of the mend)ers, one from 
each of the four districts, shall expire 
every second year. So that municipal 
elections are held once in two \ears for 
all members of the first branch, and half 
of the mend:)ers of the second branch, 
and once in four years for mayor, presi- 
dent of the second branch, and comp- 
troller. These elections are held in May, 
six months before the State and Federal 
elections. 

The most striking features of the char- 
ter are the restrictions it imposes upon 
the legislative department in the matter 
of spending money, the principal of them 
through the Board of Estimates. This 
board consists of the five highest officials 
of the city government, namelv. the 
mayor, the president of the second 
branch, the comptroller, who is head of 
the Department of Finance, the citv so- 
licitor, who is head of the Department of 
Law, and the city engineer, who is head 
of the Department of Public Lnprove- 
ments, the first three being elected bv 
the ])eople every four years, and the other 
two appointed by the mayor. The duties 
of this lioard are comprehensive in their 
nature, including the general control of 
the financial [policy of the citv. It is re- 
((uired to prepare during October of each 
year lists of "departmental estimates," 
"estimates for new improvements" and 
"estimates for annual ajipropriations." 
which together embrace the entire appro- 
priation of public funds for the next en- 
suing fiscal year. 

The "departmental estimates" comprise 
an itemized list of the amounts estimated 
to be required to pay all the expenses of 



TiiK w < )kci<:s r 



M ACAZ I XE, 



45 



conducting- llir public l)usiness for the 
next ensuing fiscal year, including- sala- 
ries of all kinds. In order ti) aid the 
hoard in making up this list, all heads of 
departments, heads of sub-departments, 
municipal officers not embraced in a de- 
partment, and special coniiiiissioners or 
boards, are required to turnish it not 
later than September 30. with their esti- 
mates, verified by oath, of the amount 
re(|uired for the conduct of their respec- 
tive departments or offices. The "esti- 
mates for new ini])rovements" comprise 
a list of all amounts to be appropriated 
by the City Council for new improve- 
ments to be constructed 1)\- any depart- 
ment of the city during the next fiscal 
year. All heads of departments and sub- 
departments, municipal officers and spe- 
cial commissions or boards are required 
to furnish the Hoard of h'.stimates not 
later than September 30 their reconi- 
mendations as to the amoinUs whicli 
they may consider will l)e needed in their 
respective departments for new improve- 
ments during the next ensuing fiscal 
year. 

The "estimates for annual aj^propria- 
tions" comprise a list of all amounts 
which bv previous laws, ordinances or 
coiUracts are recpiired to be annualh" a])- 
])ro])riated to charities, educational, be- 
nevoletU or reformatory instittuions by 
the city, as well as all other smns. if any. 
which may be recpiired bv laws or ordi- 
nances to be ajipropriated for other pur- 
poses not embraced in the preceding- 
lists. 

.\fter the com])letion of these lists. 
which are intended to embrace all moneys 
to be expended for the next ensuing fis- 
cal year for all ]nn"i)oses by the rit\ , the 
Hoard of I'^stimates is re(|nired to pre- 
pare the draft of an ordinance to be sul:)- 
mitted to the City Council i^roviding ap- 
])ropriations sufficient to meet tho 
amounts called for by said three lists. 
The City Council is re(|uired to f<'rth- 



with meet in special session to consider 
and investigate the estimates contained 
in said proposed ordinance, with power 
to reduce or strike out any item or items 
(except such as are fixed by then exist- 
ing law. or are inserted to pay state 
taxes and the municipal debt), but it is 
expressly pridiibiterl from increasing the 
amounts fixed by the Hoard of Estimates 
or inserting any new items in the ordi- 
nance, nor can it enlarge any item b\- aiiy 
subse(|ucnt ordinance. 

All sums so apj^ropriated are required 
to be used for the purposes specified in 
the ordinance, and for no other purpose 
whatever, and there is required to be in- 
serted in the ordinance of estimates 
every year the sum of $50,000, to be used 
as a contingent fund by the Board of 
Estimates in case of an emergencv or 
necessit\- f(jr the expenditure of monev 
above the appropriations regularlv 
passed. 

All private claims against the citv 
must be first submitted with the proofs 
thereof to the Board of Estimates and 
be approved by it before any money can 
be appropriated to pay them. 

As soon as ])racticable after the pas- 
sage of the ordinance of estimates every 
year, the I'oard of ICstimates is recpiired 
to re]iort to the City Council what rate 
for the levy of taxes will be recpiircd to 
enal)le the city treasurer to supply the 
funds so appro])riate(l by it for the ensu- 
ing fiscal year: and the Mayor and City 
Council are re(|uired to fix a rate of tax- 
ation not less than that thus re])orte(l by 
the P)Oard of Estimates, so that it shall 
not be necessary at any time to create a 
floating debt to meet any deficiency, and 
the City, its (officers and agents, are ex- 
pressl\ forbidden to create a floating debt 
for any such purpose. T.y another ])ro- 
vision of the Charter, whenever any ordi- 
nance for ]niblic im])rovenients exceed- 
ing in cost the sum of $2,000 has passed 
its first reading in either branch of the 



46 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



City Council, it must l)e referred to the 
Board of I'ul)lic Iniprovenients for an 
opinion as to whether or not the wants 
of the City require the proposed improve- 
ments, and when this board, which is 
composed of three civil engineers and an 
architect, has given its report vipon the 
proposed ordinance, it must then be re- 
ferred to the Board of Estimates for an 
opinion as to whether there is or will be 
sufificient money in hand to pay for the 
contemplated improvement. Until both of 
these boards report upon the ordinance, 
it cannot be voted upon by either branch 
of the City Council. The object of this 
provision is to check hasty and improvi- 
dent legislation, as is also secured by the 
veto power confided to the mayor, which 
can only be overcome by a vote of three- 
fourths of all the members elected to 
each branch of the City Council. 

In view of the fact that the main cause 
of trouble in municipal affairs is, in this 
country, generally attributed to the reck- 
less manner in which the public funds are 
so frequently voted away by our city fa- 
thers, and considering also the very elab- 
orate, and even drastic, measures resorted 
to by the Baltimore Charter Conuiiission 
in tn-der to restrain this tcutlency, there 
seems to be a certain touch of humor in 
the following statement made by it in 
reporting the Charter to the Legislature : 
"The legislative functions of the Cit\' 
Council are in no wise impaired. Xot 
one cent of the public money can be 
spent until the City Council, by ordi- 
nance, makes an appropriation." 

The charter gives the supervisors of 
city charities supervision over all classes 
of indigent, sick and ])0(ir who receive 
municipal aid. and requires all money ap- 
propriated for that purpose to be by con- 
tract with the various institutions which 
care for the poor of Baltimore. 



From the foregoing general sketch, 
necessarily very imperfect ivom the limit- 



ations imposed by a magazine article, it 
will be seen that the New Charter of Bal- 
timore makes many wide departures from 
the beaten track in its efforts to check 
municipal extravagance. As it has not 
yet been over ten months in full opera- 
tion, it is too soon to claim that it has 
already been demonstrated to be an en- 
tire success. This cannot be positively 
determined until after an experience of 
several years. But so far. the indications 
are, upon the whole, quite as favorable 
as could reasonably be expected. (3f 
course, the sudden introduction of so 
many changes in the methods of admin- 
istering the municipal government must 
inevitably produce a certain amount of 
friction in the working of its machinerv, 
which for a while will be in a state some- 
thing like that of the ship so graphically 
described by Rudyard Kipling, that had 
"not yet found herself." According to the 
skipjier a gale would be required before 
this could be accomplished. We are 
just now having a small, one in 
the shape of a controversy, that has 
been taken into the courts, between the 
Mayor and City Council concerning the 
extent of the latter's powers in regard to 
appropriating money for public improve- 
ments. It is not such a gale as is likely 
to wreck anything — except possibly the 
public career of a few local statesmen. 
The o'eneral feeling is that it could have 
been easily avoided if a more concilia- 
tory spirit had been shown on both 
sides, but that after it blows over the 
New Charter will work all the more 
smoothly in consequence thereof. Indi- 
vidual members of the City Council be- 
came naturally somewhat restive as they 
began to fully realize to what an extent 
their power of voting away the public 
money to gratify their constituents had 
been circumscribed, and every one who 
desires an appropriation, or a contract, or 
a favor, or a special privilege of any kintl, 
from the city government is very apt to 



THE WORCESTER MA(jAZiXE. 



47 



l;c iiuli|^nanl and nuikf loud C( )iii])laints 
al)oiu tlic difficulties and [\\c "rrd tape" 
wliicli 1r' cMtO)unlers because of the pre- 
cautions taken to safeguard the pul)Ho 
treasury and the ])ul)h\- francliises. It 
must be remembered always that every 
public abuse benefits some individuals or 
classes, and that these are general]}' dis- 
posed to complain bitterly, and think 
themselves hardly treated, whenever the 
abuse 1)\- which they are so l)enetited is 
abolished. Moreover, there are arising 
from time to time many situations which 
the charter cunnnission did not fully 
foresee and s]jecitically ])rovide for. The 
making of new laws that will work 
smoothly is by no means so simple a task 
as it seems to those who have never tried 
it. and a flawless new cit\- charter could 
not reasonably be expected to be made 



to order, on demand, so as to fit like a 
new suit oi clothes. 

Baltimore's New Charter has not yet 
fully passed beyond the experimental 
stage, but the general consensus of opin- 
ion among those who have given it a full, 
careful and unbiased consideration ap- 
pears to be that so far it has turned out 
a successful experiment. Indeed, only 
within a day or two a member of the City 
Council, in offering a resolution direct- 
ing <jne of its conunittees to report what 
amendments to the city charter it 
would reconnnend to im])rove the city 
government, said: "On the whole it 
has been entirely satisfactory. The gov- 
ernment has been freer from scandal 
than ever before and has been economi- 
cally conducted. The Charter should not 
be seriouslv attacked." 



Sew erage and Sew age Disposal of Worcester. 



Bv Harrison P. Eddy. 




HE city of Worcester is sit- 
^ I ^ uate(l (in hills and in valleys. 
rile nainral drainage from 
the hillsides formed numer- 
iius br(K)ks before the streets 
were constructed, and the 
waters were conducted l)y 
artificial courses. In i'^65 
the population was about 
30,000, and at this time the 
sewage of the entire community was dis- 
charged into cesspools, open ditches and 
a few covered drains. The only sewer 
now existing in Walnut street is one ot 
these stone drain>. The drainage found 
its wa\' to the nearol brook, ami llirn. 
as now, most of ii was ultimately re- 
ceived b\ Mill brook and carried by that 
stream to the lUackstone river. Several 
other brooks were used practically as 
sewers, amonsr them Lincoln brook, 



Austin street brcjok. Hermitage brook, 
Piedmont brook and Pinemeadow brook. 
All of these, with the excejition of Lin- 
coln brook, were tributary to Mill brook. 
The acconi])an\ing plan of the city 
>ho\vs the location of these brooks as 
the\ existed in 1 8^)5. The changes which 
have taken i)lace since then are very no- 
ticeable and interesting. 

Li i8()7 an act was passed by the Leg- 
islature granting, without reservation or 
conditions of any kind, the use of the 
1)rooks already mentioned for sewerage 
purposes, and, in atldition, the privilege 
was given to the cii\ to lay whatever 
drains and conunon sewers might be 
deemed necessary, and Ut take and to 
ludd bv purchase or otherwise such land, 
water rights, or other real estate as 
might be deemed necessary for the pur- 
poses of sewerage and drainage. Acting 



48 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZIXE, 



under the authority of this statute the 
city proceeded to construct a system of 
sewers^ which lias ahvays provided ade- 
quately for the needs of the city. Sew- 
ers were btiih discharging into these va- 
rious brooks, and, as the brooks became 
seriously polluted and ol^jectionable to 
the residents near by, they were convert- 
ed into sewers. In every case masonry 
sewers were provided, both for the flow 
of the brook and for the sewage which 
naturally discharged into it, and it was 
not until 1894 that the last of the work 
of transforming Alill brook into a sewer, 
by arching the piece just north of Cam- 
bridge street, was completed. In the 
building of Millbrook sewer about 
$900,000 was expended, and in 1886 the 
city had expended the sum of about 
$2,300,000 for a system of sewers which 
was entirely satisfactory for the removal 
of the sewage, InU which received not 
only the sewage, l)ut the surface water of 
the streets and roofs of buildings and 
the natural flow of the brooks them- 
selves. In this way the sewage was 
largely diluted with comparatively clean 
water. 

As early as 1880 the towns along the 
Blackstone river below the city be- 
gan to complain that the river was 
the source of very offensive odors, and 
that they were increasing to such an ex- 
tent that they would soon become a se- 
rious nuisance and, it was feared, some- 
what prejudicial to the health of the 
people living in the vicinity. In 

1881, by direction of the Legislature, 
the State Board of Health made a very 
extensive investigation of the cjuestion 
of the disposition of the sewage of the 
city of \\\:)rcester, especially with the 
view to prevent the pollution of the 
Blackstone river and its tributaries, and 
presented a vohmiinous report, with 
recommendations, to the Legislature of 

1882. The following statements, found 



on pages 14 and 20 of this report, are of 
especial interest : 

Considering the e.xtreme heat and cold of the 
climate, the heavy rainfall, and the great di- 
lution of sewage, the difficulties in the way of 
a satisfactory disposal of the sewage of Worces- 
ter are far beyond those of any other town 
where the question has already been met ; so 
that any scheme that may be proposed may be 
said to be experimental to a certain extent; 
and to be successful, and not create a greater 
nuisance than it abolishes, it must be costly in 
the original outlay, and involve also a consider- 
able yearly expense. 

Whatever may be the means adopted to 
purify the sewage, the first step must be to 
separate it from the verj' great but extremely 
variable amount of water uniting with it in 
the brook, and to provide for the direct dis- 
charge of storm overflows into the stream, 
thereby involving a considerable outlay of 
money in so changing the present sewerage 
system of the city as to fulfill these requirements. 

After making a careful study of the 
flow of Mill l^rook and the discharge 
of the several sewers, the report of the 
board states "that it is evident that to 
make practical any scheme for utilizing 
or purifving the sewage, it nmst be in- 
tercepted before it reaches the brook" 
(meaning Mill brook). On page 21 of 
this report the following statement was 
made : "After careful consideration we 
have concluded to recommend the sepa- 
rate system of sewers for the valley." 
This Board concluded its report by 
rcconuuending the system of intermit- 
tent filtration, together with the separate 
system of sewers for the Mill brook val- 
ley. The Board was advised in its stud- 
ies of the problem by C. F. Folsom, 
M. D., of the National Board of Health, 
Joseph P. Davis, C. E., of New York, 
and Henry P. Walcott, M. D., health of- 
ficer of the Board. 

From these extracts it is seen that as 
earlv as 1882 it was apparent to those 
who had studied the situation thoroughly 
that whatever the method employed for 
the disposing of the sewage of the city, 
it would be necessary, before success 




|<1LLBR00K 

- AND - 

TRlBUTAKlEJii^ 1865. 



50 



THE WORCESTER MACAZTXE. 



was attained, to remove the sewage from 
the surface water with which it had been 
mixed. l)_v the authority of the state. In 
1884 a special conunission was appointed 
l)y the governor to consider and report 
a general systeiu of drainage for the re- 
lief of the valleys of the Mystic. Black- 
stone and Charles rivers, and also to con- 
sider the various methods of disposal of 
sewage, and the application of such 
methods to any portion of the territories 
mentioned in the resolve. In regard to 
the problem at Worcester, the conuuit- 
tee reported that it had failed to discover 
any material improvement of the plan 
of the Board of Health, referred to above. 
During this investigation the commis- 
sion was advised bv two eminent sani- 
tary engineers, Messrs. Joseph P. Davis 
and Rudolph Herring, of New York 
city. 

During the several \ears of investiga- 
tion and stu(U- of this problem b}' the 
Legislature and its official boards and 
commissions, the condition of the river 
had been growing worse. In order to 
tmderstand the situation, the condition 
of the river should be studied. This 
stream, being the result of the confluence 
of the various brooks flowing through 
the city of \\ orcester, runs through the 
state in a southeasterly direction, cross- 
ing into Rhode Island, and finalh emp- 
tying into Xarragansett bay. There is a 
very considerable fall between the head 
waters and the mouth of the river, of 
which advantage was early taken by 
manufacturers. Dams were constructed 
and low lands along the river flowed to 
such an extent that the river had become, 
in 1885. a series of ponds rather than a 
running stream. The flood waters of 
many of the ponds flowed back to the 
foot of the dams above. The dams held 
back the current of the stream so that 
there was excellent opportunity af- 
forded for sewage matter carried by the 
stream to settle. This was noticed first 



nearest the cit}'. but gradually extended 
down stream for several miles, so that 
large quantities of sewage mud were 
contained behind the dams. In time of 
low water wdien the deposit was exposed, 
the odor arising from it was ver\- notice- 
able. I'nder these conditions, com- 
plaints became more frequent, and in 
1886 the Legislature passed the following 
statute re((uiring the city to provide 
some means of preventing the sewage 
from entering the river : 

Statutes of 18S6, chapter 331, section i: 
"The city of Worcester shall, without being 
limited to any particular system, within four 
years after the passage of this act, remove 
from its sewage, before it is discharged into 
the Blackstone river, the offensive and pol- 
luting properties and substances therein, so 
that after its discharge into said river either 
directly or through its tributaries, it shall not 
create a nuisance or endanger the public 
health " 

This act was approved by the gov- 
ernor June 25. 1886. The population of 
the city had reached 70,000 at this time. 

In obedience to an order of the City 
Council, the city engineer. Charles A. 
Allen, submitted a very complete and ex- 
tended report on the subject of the puri- 
fication and disposal of the sewage of 
the city. In this report the city engineer 
states that chemical precipitation is. in 
his opinion, the best method for the city 
to use f(^r the disposal of its sewage, and 
he reconnnended that suitable buildings 
and tanks be constrticted for the treat- 
ment of the sewage by this n.iethod, and 
that an outfall sewer be constructed 
from a point near the outlet of Alillbrook 
sewer at Quinsigamond \'illage, to the 
site to be used for the precipitation 
works. In addition he also recom- 
mended that when it is deemed necessary 
to separate the sewage from the waters 
of ]\Iillbrook, a separate conduit for 
Afillbrook be constructed, and stated 
further as follows : 

The reason that I do not recommend the 
construction of the separating system in the 



TIM- WORCF.STKR ArADAZIXE. 



51 



city at once is that I am of the opinion that by 
diverting from three to four million gallons per 
day from Millbrook (which amount is more 
than equivalent to the amount of sewage 
turned into the stream), and thoroughly treat- 
ing it, the river will be in a sufficient state of 
purity to conform to the law. Some sewage 
will, of course, go down stream when there 
is more water running in Millbrook than can be 
cared for at the precipitation works, but the 



as wasc-xpcctcd.and stiulies were at once 
hciruu to ascertain what course shotild 
be pursued to accomplish the greatest 
and best result in the shortest time. 
It was accordingly decided to enlarge 
the purification plant, and an order to 
that end was passed l)y the City Council 
May 13, 1892. \\y this order the number 



amount for the present will be small, and it of settling basins was increased from six 



may be found unnecessary to construct Mill 
brook conduit for several years. 

In this report, as in all the other reports 
which have been made u])on this prob- 
lem, expert advice Ironi cminciu sani- 
tarians was secured, so that as stated in 
the latter part ol the repcjrt, "the ques- 
tion of disposing of the sewage of Wor- 
cester has been considered and reported 
upon by nearly all the engineers of this 
country who have made the matter of 
sewa-ge disposal a special study." 

The first step in the construction of 
disposal works was an order passed by 
the City Council May 14. 1888, by which 
the outfall sewer was ordered con- 
structed, and work upon this sewer was 
begun as soon as practicable after the 
passage of the order. On July y, 1889, 
tanks and machinery at the purification 
works were ordered constructed by the 
City Comicil. Work upon these was con- 
tinued until the plant was complete, and 
the sewage was first treated June i'^. 
1890. At first a small part of the dailv 
dow was treated. This was gradually in- 
creased until it reached about 3.000,000 
gallons in twenty-four hours. It was 
soon found, however, that the effect 
upon the river of treating so small a por- 
tion of the city's sewage was not as great 



to sixteen, and as a result of numerous 
experiments the entire method of pre- 
paring and admitting chemicals to the 
sewage was changed. About the middle 
of July. 1893. the enlarged plant was put 
into operation, and the amount of sewage 
treated was gradually increased to the 
maxinuim amount which could be forced 
through the outfall sewer. The efifect on 
the river of this change was very no- 
ticeable, but not as much as had been 
hoped, so that in a comparatively short 
time complaints from towns below 
the city became fre(|uent. In 1895 these 
comjilaints culminated in a suit broue-ht 
by the town of Alillbury against the citv 
of Worcester before the Supreme t'ourt 
to secure a decree compelling the citv to 
comply with the statute of 1886 cited 
above. This case was tried and the court 
found that, while the city had acted in 
good faith, yet the Blackstone river was 
a nuisance, and that one of the sub- 
stantial causes of it was the sewage dis- 
charged by the city of Worcester. The 
city was accordingly ordered to complv 
with the act of 1886, and was directed 
to tile a statement, within three months 
from the entry of the order, of the steps 
which it proposed to take toward the ac- 
complishment of that end. 



[To BE CONTINUKI). J 



The construction of a mammoth shredded Falls water power, not at present. We shall 

wheat manufactoiy at Niagara Falls by our arrange for these later. 

fellow citizen. H. D. Perky, is due to trade The Committee on New Enterprises soon 

and business causes which do not reflect upon learaed that "all is not gold that glitters," but 

Worcester as a manufacturing centre. We they have various projects under consideration 

could not afiford lake transportation nor Niagara which may materialize. 



Origin of Municipal Incorporations. 



By Hon. Amasa M Eaton. 




N examination of the author- 
A ities on corporations brings 

to light the unexpected fact 
that none of them treat sat- 
isfactorily of their origin, 
whether they be ecclesiastical 
or lay, public or private. 

The dictum of Coke is re- 
peated that none but the king 
can create a corporation, but 
no authority is cited to sustain the state- 
ment, and it is ignored, that when he 
said it he was a king's judge, doing what 
he could to sustain the king's preroga- 
tive. Afterwards he was arbitrarily de- 
posed by the king, was elected to Parlia- 
ment and became distinguished by his 
bold stand for popular rights ; and it is 
thus his memory lingers in men's minds. 
It mav be admitted that some knowl- 
edge of the perfect Roman idea of incor- 
poration lingered in the minds of the ec- 
clesiastics in England after the with- 
drawal of the Roman power. Thishnger- 
ing knowledge, and the training in canon- 
ical law of ecclesiastics, are enough to 
explain the continued existence in Eng- 
land, throughout the Anglo-Saxon pe- 
riod, of the incorporation of ecclesiastical 
institutions. It is suspected, but not yet 
definitely settled, that these ecclesiastical 
corporations had an influence upon the 
c|uasi incorporation of guilds, first par- 
taking of a charitable nature (in provid- 
ing relief to disabled and sick members), 
and later partaking of a business nature 
(in providing pecuniary benefit to the 
particular craft), leading finally to the in- 
corporation of private trading compa- 



nies. But municipal incorporation arose 
in a different way in England. 

A corporation is an imaginary, imma- 
terial entity with certain powers, rights 
and duties. The conception of a number 
of human beings acting in concert to- 
wards a common end, although appar- 
ently abstruse, has long been common. 
The familiar, and very old, conception of 
nations, tribes, clans, village communi- 
ties, etc., furnishes us with familiar illus- 
trations of the existence in human 
thought of the conception of personified 
entities. The fixing of this idea upon a 
legal basis is the essence of the idea of 
incorporation- — the legal recognition of 
the existence of the immaterial entity, 
composed of individual numbers that die, 
but the composite artificial entity of 
which they are members, that continues 
to live. The charter (charta), literally the 
paper, is the written legal evidence of the 
recognition of the existence of such a 
body. It follows from this definition that 
a corporation may exist without a char- 
ter. In point of fact, municipal corpora- 
tions did exist in England before they 
had anv charters, and we shall find that 
the first charters they had were not 
grants of original or new powers, but 
were confirmations of powers, liberties, 
franchises and privileges they already 
had. 

Through natural causes population in- 
creased faster in some manors than in 
others, and faster at particular places in 
such manors. The feudal service or rent 
due from each tenant of land to the lord 
of the manor continued as of old. The 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZlxVE. 



53 



increased population in one ])lacc' he- 
came gradually a town, and the customs 
and liherties exercised hy the inhahitants 
of a particular town or horoui^h hecame 
fixed aufl associated with the ])articular 
town or horoiiq'h. ( iradually the rent or 
service due from each individual tenant 
of the town hecame merged in a certain 
sum due from the town or l)on)U<;h it- 
self, ])<'U(1 til the lord of the manor, who 
mi<;"ht he a lavnian, or an ecclesiastic, or 
the king himself holding a manor as of 
his own domain. 10 ensure recognition 
of the right to a continuance of their pe- 
culiar customs, liherties, etc.. on the part 
of the townsmen, hy the lord of the 
manor, and to ensure the continued pay- 
ment of the rent due from the town as 
a whole (and not from the individual ten- 
ants severally) to the lord of the manor, 
he gave them a charter, confirming the 
town's customs and liherties, and agree- 
ing that they should continue as of old, 
so long as the agreed rent w-as paid. 
This is fee-farm, the title of Madox's fa- 
mous hook on corporations. F/;';/;(/ Bitrgi. 

it will he seen therefore that, like 
Topsy, these municipal corporations 
grew; thev came into unconscious exist- 
ence; they were self-instituted. There 
was no conscious intention on the ])art of 
an\- one of creating a cor])oration, such 
as we understand a corporation now. The 
charter thus given was more in the na- 
ture of a grant upon condition, not of a 
grant perpetual, and like other feudal 
grants it recpiired renewal upon the ac- 
cession of each new lord of the manor. 
This explains the constant renewal t)f 
charters to towns and horoughs. other- 
wise inexplicable to those familiar only 
with the corporations of the present day. 

( )ne other moiU' of incorporation luust 
he mentioned — that by the kmg. not as 
lord of the manor, hut as a \ictorious 
concpieror. Thus. William the Loncpier- 
or. in 1066, after the battle of Hastings, 
marched on London, proposing to take 



it unless it submitted. A Xorman, Wil- 
liam, was bishop of London. As the re- 
sult of negotiation, a charter was granted 
by the king, the original in Saxon being 
still in existence. Translated, it is as 
follows : 

William, the King, greets William, Bishop 
and Godfrey, Portreve, and all the Burgesses 
within London, French and English, friendly. 
And I grant you that 1 will that ye be law- 
worthy as ye were in the days of Edward the 
King. And I will that each child be his father's 
heir after his father's days. And I will not 
allow that any man shall do you any \%Tong. 
And God keep you. 

Here, as before, the king confirms 
rights already existing (in the days of 
Edward the Confessor, about 200 years 
earlier). The king's charters, as well as 
charters of lords of manors, acknowl- 
edged the existence of something al- 
ready in being, and agreed to its con- 
tinued existence, in return for. and so 
long as the stipulated fee-farm rent 
should be paid. The town was already 
in existence through unconscious self- 
creation. 

But :\lerewether and Stephens in their 
o-reat work on" Corporations." make much 

— altogether too nuich — t>f the fact that 
until the fifteenth century these charters 
ran to A. 1'., C. etc.. and their heirs, and 
not to their successors. It is true that 
now the word successors is used. < hie 
reason for not using it then was that m 
charters to ecclesiastical corporations, 
the word successors w^as used because 
necessarily ecclesiastics had no heirs of 
their bodies, while town's folk had. lUit 
it is submitted that the word heirs was 
used in these charters in the sense in 
which we use successors now. as is 
proved by the fact that these heirs, as u 
collective whole, continued through cen- 
turies to exercise the custtmis and lib- 
erties, the exercise of which had been 
confirmed time ami time again to their 
progenitors. b\ successive lords of man- 
ors and kings by these words. The sub- 



54 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE 



stitution of successors for heirs merely 
marks a step in the evolution of the idea 
of that immaterial entity we call a cor- 
poration — a process still going on in the 
case of other imaginary fictitious enti- 
ties^ i. e., there is a growing tendency in 
the law to admit that voluntary associa- 
tions not incorporated, and partnerships, 
may sue and be sued as if they were in- 
corporated, which means that we are 
coming to recognize their legal existence 
as continuous entities apart from the ex- 
istence of their individual members. 

The next step in the evolution of the 
idea of municipal incorporation was the 
granting of a charter, not as a charter of 
confirmation of ancient customs and lib- 
erties, but as a grant of similar privileges 
for future use by a new community, either 
by a lord of a manor or by the king. 
Indeed, most of the charters of confirma- 
tion we have first considered partook of 
both natures. They confirmed the ex- 
ercise of customs and liberties hitherto 
enjoyed, and they granted a right in fii- 
tiiro to continue the exercise thereof, so 
long as the fee-farm rents agreed upon 
were paid. 

But towns and boroughs existed, and 
may still exist, without charters. When 
the first Parliament was called in 1265 
by Edward T, writs were issued ordering 
about one hundred and twenty of the 
principal towns, boroughs and cities of 
the realm to return two deputies from 
each one with two knights from each 
shire. Some of these municipalities had 
charters and some had not, but that 
made no difference ; they were equally 
considered as being towns and boroughs, 
and continued to be so regarded. There- 
fore a charter is not necessary to the ex- 
istence of a town. 

When the colony of Massachusetts Bay 
was settled towns sprang into existence 
at once, and in 1634 their deputies were 
admitted to the General Court, although 
♦ he company's charter made no provis- 



ion for them. Constituting a majority, 
they ruled the Commonwealth until the 
assistants were formed into a separate 
House, and the necessity for their af- 
firmative vote became a veto upon the 
])Ower of the towns through their depu- 
ties in the lower House. But towns in 
Massachusetts were not incorporated bv 
the General Court until 1785 (9 Gray, 
511, note). Yet no one would seriously 
contend that this gave them new pow- 
ers. It merely recognized and confirmed 
the exercise of powers, franchises, liber- 
ties, etc., of the towns of this Common- 
wealth that they had always exercised 
since the foundation thereof in 1623-24- 



25- 



For instance, Shaw, C. J., in 22 Pick, 
122 at 130, in 1839. said : "Towns were of 
themselves corporations having perpet- 
ual succession, consisting of all ])ersons 
inhabiting within certain territorial lim- 
its." No king created these corpora- 
tions — they created themselves, albeit 
unconsciously. 

But with the increase of sycophancy in 
the royal court, when the king granted 
a charter to a numicipality, it was 
claimed by courtiers and judges subser- 
vient to the roval will that the kins: was 
not acting by virtue of his authority as 
a lord of the manor, holding it as of his 
own domain, but was acting as king, 
by virtue of his ])rerogative — of his own 
mere motion and special grace, as the 
language then used, ran. This doctrine 
gained easy adoption by the kings, 
more especially as they had a convenient 
instrument for carrying it into effect, un- 
der the process of quo warraiiio. 

Anciently, from time to time, the king 
ordered all persons or towns exercising 
special privileges, franchises or liberties 
to appear before his royal court and 
show quo zvarranto, that is, by what right 
they exercised their peculiar privileges. 

The judges were appointed by the 
king, were removable at his pleasure, and 



THE WORCESTER MACAZIXE. 



55 



were dependent upon liini for ilicir sala- 
ries. Too often they were nuTcK- tools 
to carry out the king's will. I'ndcr an 
unscrupulous atttirncy general, if a mu- 
nicipality could not produce a charter 
showing- a confirmation of their liberties, 
and sometimes even when they could, 
they were declared forfeited. Statutes 
were passed to regulate the arbitrary ex- 
ercise of this power by the king, but it 
remained a royal instrument of oppres- 
sion until after the Revolution of 1^)88. 

It was often used to squeeze money 
out of towns, boroughs and cities when 
the royal exchequer was low and the 
king wanted it re])lenished without call- 
ing Parliament. ( )ften after it was 
brought, private intimation would be 
made to the municipality attacked, that 
submission to the ro\al will and a pay- 
meiU in money would secure tlie grant 
of a new charter. Of course such a new 
charter would not restore all the old cus- 
toms and liberties, but it would at least 
secure a res])ite, a new hold upt)n life, 
until the necessities or rapacity of the 
king led to a further attack. 

It was under this process that Andros 
became royal governor of the Xew Eng- 
land colonies and Xew York, and the 
charters of so man\' numicipalities, in 
England, including London, were de- 
clared forfeited towards the close of the 
infamous reign of James TI. 

The long continued growth of royal 
power and prerogatives led to confirma- 
tion of the idea that a charter granted by 
the king was more secure and <it higher 
legal value than a charter grantt'd by 
any lord of a mamir. until tinally it be- 
came almost an axiom in law that only 
the king can incorporate. In this coun- 
try, with our democratic tendencies, 
this power has been assumed by the 
state legislatures. Relics of the older 
doctrine are to be found. Injwever. in 
grants of charters by governors during 
our colonial period, although they had 



no authority to exercise such a power. 
riius (iov. Wentworth of New Hamp- 
shire granted a charter to Dartmouth 
College, under which it still exists. So 
Princeton, the Cniversity of Pennsyl- 
vania and Rutgers College had charters 
from the governor. 

A relic of the former i)ower of the 
lord of the manor is tound in this coun- 
try in the charter of .St. .Mary's City. 
Maryland granted by "Caecilius absolute 
lord and proprietary of the provinces of 
^laryland and Avalon. Lord Baron of 
lialtimore." Harvard, ^'ale and Brown 
were incorporated b\- the colonial legis- 
latures, but with serious doubts as to 
their power to incorporate them. In- 
deed, one of the grounds upon which in 
1684 the High Court of Chancery in 
England decreed under quo li.'arraiito 
that the charter of Massachusetts Bay 
was forfeited,was that the colony without 
lawful right had undertaken to incorpo- 
rate Harvard College. When Vale Col- 
lege ap])lied to the Connecticut Legisla- 
ture for a charter, in 1701. at the sugges- 
tion of Judge Sewall the act was pur- 
posel\- St I drawn as to conceal as nnicli 
as could be. its real meaning. 

In 1620 the Mayflower Pilgrims found 
themselves in Cape Cod Way instead of 
near the mouth of the Hudson, as they 
had intended. They were therefore out 
of the bounds of the patent they sailed 
under. 1 nunediately. in the cabin of the 
.Mavllower, without authority from Eng- 
land, they formed themselves into a 
body ])olitic by voluntary agreement. 
Tlie\ became thus a self-constituted 
numicipal corporation. They bought 
their title to the land frou) the Indians. 
This colony of Xew Plymouth, with its 
cluster of after-settled towns, carved out 
of its own territory, with its own inde- 
pendent self-instituted government, re- 
mained a self-constituted body i)olitic 
imtil its enforced union with the colony 
of Massachusetts Bay under the provin- 
cial charter of William III. in 1691, 



56 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



In 1634 the towns of the Massachu- 
setts Bay Colony usurped powers in vio- 
lation of the charter of the company, auvl 
peacefully brought about a revolution by 
sending each two deputies to the Gen- 
eral Court, abolishing the oath of allegi- 
ance to the king and substituting an 
oath to the Commonwealth in its place. 
Our historians have failed to recognize 
the meaning of this change by which the 
towns made a new central government. 
It was the first step in the separation of 
the American colonies, provinces and 
proprietary governments from the 
mother country. In Rhode Island as in 
Massachusetts the right to local self-gov- 
ernment exists in the towns. The origi- 
nal towns. Providence, founded in 1636, 
Portsmouth in 1638 and Newport in 1639, 
were really separate colonies, self-insti- 
tuted municipal corporations, that ex- 
isted before there was any Rhode Island, 
and that made that colony when they 
united under the first charter in 1647, 
the fourth town, Warwick, being then 
also admitted. This has been so held in 
August, 1900, by the Supreme Court of 
Rhode Island in the case of the City of 
Newport v. Horton. 

The case is e((uall_\- clear as to Connect- 
icut. The independent river towns of 
Dorchester, Newton and Watertown, 
afterwards Windsor, Hartford and 
Wethersfield, deriving no powers from 
England and buying their land of the 
Indians, were self-instituted nuuiicipal 
corporations. Eirst uniting among 
themselves and then uniting with the 
similar settlement at New Haven, they 
became the colony, now the state of Con- 
necticut. 

So in New Hampshire we find four 
towns all separate independent colonies, 
self-instituted numicipal corporations, 
that afterwards, under enforced union at 
the order of the crown, became the prov- 
ince of New Hampshire. But the towns 



existed before the province and by their 
union made the province. In one of 
these towns, Exeter, they framed their 
own charter in 1639. They still live un- 
der it and are governed by it. In 1838 
at the bicentennial celel^ration of the 
town, the orator of the day, the Hon. 
Jeremiah State, chief justice of the state, 
himself a Revolutionary soldier, said : 

"It is the only act of incorporation our 
town has ever had. We are a self-cre- 
ated body politic." 

Where is the lawyer or court 
that would maintain that Exeter 
has not a valid charter — that there 
is no town of Exeter? Yet the text- 
books and numerous obiter dicta of 
courts, some of them even in New Eng- 
land, where they ought to know better, 
say that only the state can create a 
municipal corporation, and that it has 
full power over all such charters. 

This necessarily rapid survey of the 
origin of municipal corporations is 
enough to show^ that in New England, 
when first settled, it had not become for- 
gotten, as it has now, that a municipal 
corporation can be created by voluntary 
association, and either consciously or 
unconsciotisly. Without authority from 
England the settlers associated as towns 
and took unto themselves and exercised 
the privileges, customs, franchises and 
liberties appurtenant to town govern- 
ment, including the free election of their 
own town ofificers, magistrates and depu- 
ties to the Legislature, the independent 
exercise of jurisdiction in their own 
courts and under their own ordinances 
in support of the local peace, together 
with self-taxation for town purposes, 
paying to the colony or province the 
town's (juota of the general tax. 
They admit the right of the Legisla- 
ture to enact general legislation, or, upon 
request of any particular town, to mould 
and direct its exercise of town powers, 
as occasion might require. But now. 



rili': W ORCl'LSTJCR M\C. A/AXE. 



57 



iukKt llu- (lic'tatidii ni the boss in charg'e 
of tlu- ])iililical niachiiK' iloniiiiant in the 
])arlicnlar stalf Leg'islaturc. a new sys- 
tv\u has l)cen devised and snccessfnlly 
\\sv(\ in nian\ states to do away with the 
rii^lit of towns to the niana^'ement ol 
thi'ir own loeal atlairs. I'ndei" elaini of 
rij^iilfnl exercise of the power of the 
state, a hoard of commissioners is ap- 
])ointed l)y the g'overnor, tnider an act of 
tlie Les^islature, with ])ower over matters 
pro|)erIy l)el()n_<;"ing' to tlie towns alone, 
and tlie towns are directed to pay the 
salaries of the Conniiissioners, fixed by 
the Legislature, often at exor])itant rates, 
althout^h thev are not stibject t(~» the 
town's control. lliese laws are mani- 
festly intended to reward henchmen with 
fat ])laces and to brin^" recalcitrant 
town^ mider the control of the machine 
that cannot otherwise reach them, h'or 
it will be found n])()n examining' the facts 
where these acts are carried throui;h the 
legislatures that the ])articular town or 
city to be afifected is of a different political 
faith from the Legislature and the domi- 
nant political machine. .\ serious blow- 
is thus struck at our pcditical rights, and 
the courts having adopted the wrong 
theor}- that municipal corporations are 
the creatures of the Legislature and sub- 
ject tt) its will, and being ignorant of the 
origin of numicipal corporation and the 
history of town powers, say they are 
powerless to protect the liberties we are 
being de])rived of by the legislatm-es. 

The remedv Cfinsists in enlightening 
the iniblic, S(j that public o])inion will ile- 
mand specific amendments in our written 
constitutions acknowledging the right to 
local self-go\ernnient in onr towns and 
cities, making provision for the legal en- 
forcement of this right, and gi\ing nui- 
nici])alities the right to make and amend 
their own charters through their own 
conventions, subject to ratification by 
tlie voters of the ])articular nnuiicipality. 

in view of this new danger that threat- 



ens tis and the inabilit\ or failure of our 
judiciary to ])rotect the right U) local 
self-government, every written constitu- 
tion, while stating expressly the right of 
the Legislature to pass all general laws 
not inconsistent with the ])rovisions of 
the bill of rights etc., in the written con- 
stitution, should also expressly state the 
right to local self-incorporation and self- 
g()\ermnent in our towns and cities, re- 
serving the right of the Legislature to 
mould and direct the i)ow-ers and duties 
of the municipalities upon the ap])lication 
of anv ])articular one or more of them, 
and even then subject to the ratification 
of the local voters. Already, recogniz- 
ing this new danger from machine poli- 
ticians, sixteen state constitutions, most 
of them of western states. ])rovide more 
or less effectuallx against it. Such a 
l)rovision in the constitution of Xew 
\nvk would have gtiarded the people 
against the nefarious designs of IMatt. 
now attracting so luuch attention. 

Tn conclusion, ptitting the matter in 
tabidar form, Municii^al Corporation 
nia\ be — 

1. Unconsciously self-created. 

I. e., many towns and boroughs in Kng- 
kind. Also many towns in Xew Eng- 
land, where the settlers fell naturally 
into town governments without form- 
ing any charter. They afterwards re- 
ceived charters of confirmation from 
the Legislature. 

2. Consciously self-created. 

I. e., Exeter, X. H., still existing as a 
town with no charter, but its own self- 
created "combination." Xew Ply- 
mouth, Mass., from 1620 to 1691; 
Providence, R. I., 1636 to 1S47; Ports- 
mouth, R. I., 1636 to 1S47; Xewport, 
R. I., 1636 to 1S47, when they received 
charters of confirmation under the first 
charter of Rhode Island. And the 
river towns of Connecticut, 1637, until 
thev received charters of confirmation 
from the united colony. 



58 



THE WORCESTER .M A(i AZ 1 X i:. 



4- 



Unconsciously self-created towns 
may receive charters of confirm- 
ation. 

(a) from the king as king. London 
and other towns, boroughs and cities 
in England. 

(b) from the lord of the manor. 

I, who may be tlie king holding as of 
his own demesne. 

II, who may be a layman. 

III, who may be an ecclesiastic. 
CMerewether and Stephens furnish 
numerous examples of all three. ) 

(c) from the Legislature, as when the 
General Court in Massachusetts in 17S5 
passed an act incorporating all the 
towns then in existence. This was a 
general charter of confirmation. 

Consciously self-created towns may 
receive charters of confirmation 
in the same way. 

(See instances under 2.) 



Or they may be created by charters 
granting rights to be exercised 
in future. 

(a) by the king as king. 

(b) by lords of manors. 

I, who may be the king holding as of 
his own demesne. 

II, who may be a layman. 

III, who may be an ecclesiastic. 

(The early chartei"s in England were 
both charters of confirmation and 
grants conferring power to exercise 
the same customs and liberties in 
future. ) 

(c) by the Legislature (as when it author- 
izes the settlement of a town where 
there was none before). 

(d) by a colonial or provincial governor 
(no instance is known of such a grant 
to a municipal corporation, but a sim- 
ilar instance was the incorporation of 
Dartmouth College by Gov. Wentworlh 
of New Hampshire ). 

(e) by a lord proprietor (as the incorpor- 
ation of St. Mar\''s city, Maryland, by 
Lord Baltimore in 1667). 



Something About a Few New Books. 



EW I<]n,y;land has at last come 
'^T in f(M- its share in the big- 
edition lunels. which have 
l)cc(inic alnui^t a litcrar\ fad, 
and it is a Worcester writer 
who lias succeeded in brino^- 
iu}^- us into the runnin<;' — Mr. 
Charles Clarke Minni. whose 
very entertaining book went to 
a third editiiMi in less than a 
This is i)lcasing to Worcester, 
and its literati will assume the new dig- 
nity of consciotis tt)uch with many-cdi- 
tioned authorship. Mr. Munn is not the 
only Worcester man who has written a 
book, but he is our side representative 
in the class of authors whose l)(niks Iiave 




month. 



' Uncle Terry ; a Story of the Maine Coast. 
Shepard, Boston. 

-Eben Holden. By Irving Bacheller. Lothrop 



galloped through numerous editions. 
"T'ncle Terrv"' isastorvof cvery-day life, 
conceived ui)on well-we)rn lines, simply 
told. There is no climax, btU the shadow 
of a pUu, onh one villain, who speedily 
gets rather more than his deserts and 
whose end is extremely opporttme. It is 
mipretending and sincere, wholesome 
and sweet : a carcfid, truthful and sym- 
pathetic chronicle of two j)hascs of New 
England life; not too realistic and jtist 
romantic enough to furnish the sliadow 
of a motif: infinitely superior to the lurid 
"sword-play" nc^vels that have had such 
a vogue and ought now to repose a long, 
long time in well-earned oblivion. 

No word of apology is needed for 
■'Eben I bilden."- This is high praise for 

By Charles Clarke Munn. Illustrated. Lee Sz 



Publishing Company, Boston. 



11 i E W U R L" 1-: S T J-: R MAGAZINE. 



59 



a novel thai is working its way toward 
its third hundrc'(l tliDUsaiid; but better 
may be said. If a book is a good book 
it matters not how few are sold, in pass- 
ing judgment. But when people Iniy 
such a book as this as they are buying 
this, it is especially indicative of good 
taste and generous impulses, if in a lesser 
degree of highly cultivated literary taste. 
It is an idyl, a tale of a higher type and a 
greater excellence than is accorded it b\- 
the critics, and therein lies the secret of 
its great success. It is a keen and gra- 
cious portraiture of that virile life our 
grandsires lived ; Eben is a character 
etching, ecjual to anything ever at- 
tem])ted in that line, and vastly better 
than most ; the glimpse of Greeley, and 
of New York a generation ago, is fine, 
photographic, intimate: the hunicjr is 
quaint, true, original ; the style is exqui- 
site, almost without flaw or lapse ; but the 
greatest charm of the book, that which 
rests in one's sweetened consciousness, 
is the love idyl of William Brower and 
Hope. It is wortli\ of Halevy. of Dau- 
det : it is not after the tone of American 
novelists, and therefore the more to be 
rejoiced in. Those discriminating read- 
ers who hesitate to attack a much-adver- 
tised, hugely-sold novel, need deprive 
themselves no longer of the pleasure of 
'"Eben llolden."" It will re])ay an Inmdrcd 
fold. 

The most charming of all literarv for- 
age-tields is yet in the Xew I^ngland of a 
generation or two ago, wlien h'merson, 
Lowell, Eongfellow, Holmes. Julia Ward 
TTowf. liawthorne, Thoreau. Winihroi). 
James, Stoddard, Stedman, and their 
congeries, "flourished,'" and Fields, Os- 
good, Ticknor, llunl, and lioughton 
were laving deep the foundations of the 
I)ublishing business tliat yet reflects the 



luster of these writers. Mr. W. \). How- 
ells'' exploits this literary elysian field 
n)ore charmingly than any one has. It 
is not yet apparent where upon the scroll 
of permanent fame these Boston names 
may finally l)e inscribed, but it is appar- 
ent that Mr. Howells has written an im- 
perishable book about them. He does 
not challenge admiration for these au- 
thors, except as his own young enthu- 
siasm nia\ find a sympathetic echo as he 
turns the leaves of his journal intimc. 
Almost every person w'ith literary tastes 
has read the authors Mr. Howells writes 
about, and has read him ; so that his 
reminiscent gossip has all that telepathic 
(juality that so enchants us — the arous- 
ing in one's consciousness of delights 
vaguely formed long since ; the putting 
iiUo adecjuate language sentiments long 
realized but voiceless. The book is au- 
tobiographic ; the personality and lite- 
rary experiences of the author form the 
screen upon which he throws the living 
etchings of other writers. It is a book 
for solace: and for reading aloud — but 
einly in companies wholly sympathetic. 
An excursion with Mr. iiowells into the 
gentle air, whicli he makes ambient of 
this Xew England vale of literary de- 
light, cannot fail to ameliorate the most 
acrid temper, and sweeten the thoughts 
of the most conscientious critic. 

"Eleanor,"'' by Mrs. Humphry Ward, 
ajjpears to be a ])ronunciamento novel. 
The publishers declare it to be the novel 
of the vear; one critic declares that "not 
the novel, but the public is to be judgCvl 
bv its recei)tion of 'Eleanor.' " Here is a 
state of things. To save "face" in lite- 
rarv matters we nuist kotow to "Eleanor" 
and .Mr>. Humphry Ward. Granting 
that -Mrs. Ward's motif bears any rela- 
tion to life, we may accept "Eleanor" at 



^Literary Friends and Acquaintances; a Personal Retrospect of American Authorship. 
By W. D. Howells. Harper &: Bros., publishers. New York and London, 
^Eleanor. By Mrs. Humphry Ward. Harper &: Brothers, New York. 



60 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



the valuation placed upon it by the pub- 
lisher. This is the more profitable, the 
more pleasant course. It allows of, con- 
duces to, admiration of Mrs. Ward, and 
permits admiration of her book. But it 
is unreal. It is not life ; only a dream of 
life. It may be granted that Eleanor and 
Manisty and Lucy may have existed, yet 
they are not types, and their emotions, 
motives and acts are not typical ; neither 
of the great multitude nor of any select 
class. The book is almost quite outside 
life; yet it is notable, it grips, it holds. 
Why? Mrs. Ward's pen is a surgeon's 
knife, a bone-saw, a scalpel ; it exposes 
every organ and every muscle of her 
characters, unreal and impossible as they 
are. She shows us the motions of her 
puppets' brains, the beating of their 
hearts, the flow of their acidy blood, 
more plainly than the puppets themselves 
are permitted to see them. Her charac- 
ters are disembodied subtleties, created 
to be clothed upon with the strange fab- 
ric of her thought. This, it has to be 
said, is charming, in a way, and has 
power, of a sort. We read "Eleanor" 
and examine ourselves as to the effect. 
We do not cherish the memory of the 
story, nor of the mythic individuals, yet 
there is a residuum that we value. It is 
Mrs. Ward. 

Mr. Charles A. Conant has sacrificed 
something to timeliness in choosing 
"The United States in the Orient"'' for a 
title of his interesting and valuable book. 
It is more than this title indicates ; more 
in substance and more in tendency. Mr. 
Conant has a lucid grasp of the signifi- 
cance of the problems progressive hu- 
manity is somewhat blindly grappling 



purpose. Yet students of conditions 
\vill be glad to have these articles in such 
juxtaposition as a volume gives, enabling 
the more coherent recognition of their 
sane and luminous motif. The obliga- 
tion to seek a philosophical basis for ten- 
dencies has never been more pressing 
than it is to-day, and it has never been 
more ditificult to refer events to consis- 
tent motives and sources. Intellectual 
judgments demand extraordinary lucid- 
ity of thought and great independence of 
will. We have so many ready-made 
theories pressed authoritatively upon us 
that faltering minds find it easier to 
abandon individual effort, and become 
parrots. Mr. Conant assists materially 
the effort to retain clear personal judg- 
ment, and furnishes a basis for conclu- 
sions quite beyond his own dictums. 
There is no problem from which the 
well-intentioned American shrinks as 
from the question of the future of the 
colored people in the South. It appeals 
most keenly to our sense of justice, but 
seems more difiicult the more it is stud- 
ied and contemplated. A purely aca- 
demic consideration reveals much to be 
hoped, while actual contact with the ne- 
groes, where they seem to be most fortu- 
nately located, often induces feelings 
closely akin to despair. To find a basis 
for encouraging contemplation of the 
negro problem, we are obliged to strip 
our minds of all conceptions and theo- 
ries, and adopt the simple idea that it is 
with the very infancy of a race we have 
to do ; an infancy that ignores the years 
of individuals and the succession of gen- 
erations, and must have much time for 



with, which, once it is felt, induces regret development. Such encouraging reflec- 

that he had not found himself inclined to tions as are possible we are more than 

do better than loosely unite several mag- glad to indulge, and it is because of this 

azine articles, written to serve a timely reaching out for crumbs of comfort that 



'The United States in the Orient ; the Nature of the Economic Problem. 
Conant. Houghton, MifHin & Co., Boston and New York. 



By Charles A. 



JIIE WUKCESTER AIAGAZIXE. 



Gl 



Mr. I)Ooker T. \\'ashino^ton"s book'' is 
welcome — and more tlian welcome. Tt 
opens our eyes to possibilities and g^ives 
us leave to indulji^e hope. It is evident 
that at least one netjro has been able to 
fc'fl and respond to im])ulses that make 
for IJK' hig-hcst civilization. I-"rom gen- 
eral to detail, the small but interesting 
book of Mr. ]Max r)ennett Thrasher's" 
leads along one of the paths indicated 



"The Future of the American Negro. By 
& Co., Boston. 

"Tuskegee; its Story and its Work. By Max 
Booker T. Washington. Small, Maynard & Co. 



by Mr. Washington, and gives evidence, 
in detail, of the utility of a devoted life 
work. The school Tuskegee is very 
close to the hearts of many people in the 
North, and this monograph will be wel- 
come to them. Tt admits of a ray, small 
but brilliant, of optimism. These two 
books suggest more than they state, and 
lead one to consider some vital facts that 
are not specifically discussed. 

Booker T. Washington. Small, Mavnard 

Bennett Thrasher, with an Introduction by 
, Boston. 

G. F. 



The secretary has on file a list of floor space 
and power for rental for the convenience of the 
Committee on New Enterprises. Keep him 
posted if you have anything to rent. There is 
no expense and no commission. 

The Board of Trade Glee Club is doing more 
and better work than ever, and will probably 
give a couple of concerts during the season, 
free to members of the Board. It is soon to pro- 
duce "Frithiof," a Swedish saga, an under- 
taking of a magnitude meriting extended notice, 
but lack of space prevents this being done. 

The Board of Trade rooms are the centre of 
considerable activity. They supply offices for 
the secretary, the editorial and publishing 
offices of The Worcester Magazine, the 
Western Union and telephone offices, and 
meeting rooms for business appointments, 
which are in use almost daily. 

The interest shown and the attention given 
by the various committees of the Board to mat- 
ters referred to them, bespeaks the public spirit 
of our members. It is rare to hear a member 
decline to serve on a committee, even if the 
salary is small. 

The Board of Trade ought to have a thou- 
sand members in a city of the size of Worcester. 
About five hundred more will reach the mark. 
If you are public-spirited, hand in your appli- 
cation. The secretary will furnish a blank. 



Any citizen who can suggest some way the 
Board of Trade can better serve the interests of 
Worcester, can find a willing ear at 1 1 Foster 
street. 

The lower rates for water for manufacturing 
purposes, which is to become operative next 
spring, has resulted from the persistent labor of 
the Board of Trade Committee on Municipal 
Affairs, ably seconded by certain members of 
the City Council. This committee, of which 
Mr. I. E. Com ins was chairman, took the mat- 
ter up in the spring of 1879, and studied the 
water rates of 75 cities. The Water Committee 
of the City Council laid the matter on the table, 
pending the settlement of the Kettle brook 
damage cases. After these cases were settled, 
the matter was taken up again, when Hon. 
Charles G. Washburn was chairman of the 
Board of Trade committee. It was ])assed over 
to the City Council of 1900, when Mr. K. M. 
Woodward was chairman of the Board of Trade 
committee, and a uniform rate of ten cents per 
1000 gallons was fixed upon, to take effect 
March i, 1901. The Board of Trade committee 
was efficiently aided by Messrs. tJeorge M. 
Wright and Julian F. Bigelow, members of 
Council Committee on Water of the Board of 
Trade. 



4)2 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE 



W 



ORCESTER MUTUAL 

fireInsurance CO. 



377 MAIN STREET 

WORCESTER. 

Iliyliest sjradc of Mutual Fire In- 
surance. Hstablished 75 years, with ; 
steady, handsome dividend record for 
policy holders. 



* * |200KKEEPING is an art which no condition of life can render useless, which must 
^^ contribute to the advancement of all who buy or sell, of all who wish to keep or 
improve their possessions, of all who desire to be rich, and all who desire to be wise. Let 
no man enter into business while he is ignorant of the method of regulating books." — Doct. 
Johnson. 

" The system of bookkeeping by double-entry is among the finest inventions of the human 
mind; every prudent master of a house should introduce it into his economy." — Goethe. 

Property and business accounts of every description investigated, arranged, supervised 
and audited in the most scientific, artistic and economic manner. 

LEWIS c. muz:z:y. 

Account Specialist and Auditor, 



126 Elm St., Worcester. 

I'eKphiine t'oniicctioii. 



Worcester Board of Trade. 



Bank Buildino;, i i Foster Street. 



OKFICKRS. 

President, RUFUS B. FOWLER. Vice-President, ROGER F. UPHAM. 

Treasurer, GILBERT K. RAND. Secretary, CHARLES E. SQUIER. 

DIRECTORS, 



Henry F. Harris, 
Francis H. Dewey, 
Hon. Ei.i.ERY B. Crane, 
Harlan P. Duncan, 
Lyman A. Ely, 
William Hart, 



Irving E. Comins, 
Edwin P. Curtis, 
Roger F. Utmam, 
George W. Mackintire, 
Milton P. Higgins, 
John C. MacInnes, 



John R. Back, 
Hon. Chas. G. Washburn 
RuKus B. Fowler, 
Walter M. SrAiLDiNG, 
Edward M. Woodward, 
William H. Blodget, 



James H. Whittle, 
Clerk of the Corporation, H. Ward Bates. 



William H. Inman. 



Auditor, Charles A. Chase. 



CHAIRMEN OF COMMITTEES, 



Membersiiip, William W. Jt)H\soN. 
Ways and Means, Milton P. Higgins. 
Manufactures, Hon. Chas. G. Washburn. 
Meetings and Receptions^ Henry F. Harris. 
Mercantile Affairs^ John C. MacInnes. 
Transportation and Railroads, E. P. Curits. 



Statistics and Inforinatioii, G. W. Mackintire. 
Arbitration, Lyman A. Ely. 
Legislation, Hon. Ellery B. Crane. 
Xeii> Enterprises, Harlan P. Duncan. 
Municipal Affairs, Edward M. Woodward. 
Taxation and Insurance, Roger F. Upham. 



Till': \\()K("i-:s'ri-:R .ma(,azi xi-:. 



63 



•^^ IC H Stoddakd, I'ri-s. |. W. ISisiioi-, Trcas. & Gen. Mj^^r. II. .\. Lkacii, Asst. Treas. A: Sec' 





J. W. Bishop Co. 



General ^ 

Contractors 



Ami .Mariiif;i(lmi-is of All Kinds of 

First=Class 
Interior Finish. 

Bank, Store and Office 
Fittings, Cabinet Work 
and Architectural Iron- 
Work. v*8 Ji t." J* 

Offices and Factokv, 

No. 107 Foster Street, 

v» orcestcr IVIass 

Pro\ icifiue Piiblic Library. Stone, Carpenter A: Wilson, Arch'ts 

Providence, R. I., No. 417 Butler Exchanife. Boston, Mass., No. 40S Exchange Building. 

Montreal, P. (^, No. 34 Canada Life Building. 

G. H. Cutting & Company, ^^^^stkSction 






WORCESTER, MASS. Jt Boston Office, 64 Federal Street. 




fm.'^i*- 



1 




Farmington Avenue Congregational Church, Hartford, Conn. Ernest Flagg, Architect, -New York. 



64 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



Geo. F.Blake Jr. & Co. 




Iron and 
Steel. 



Heavy Hardware, 
Structural Steel. 
Sole Agents for Duplex Joist 
Hangfers, Carriage Makers' 
and Blacksmiths' Supplies. 



Cwo Cekphoncs, 



nos. 524 and 116O. 



Junction of Brioge, 



Mechanic and Foster Sts., W ORCLS 1 LK, MASS. 



A. S. MiLLEK, Jr., Trtusurur. 



K. H. Brown, Chitf Engineer. 



Eastern Bridge and Structural Co. . . . 



Engineers, Contractors and 
Manufacturers of .. .. 

Steel 

Sttuetural 

mnotk 



of every 
Description. 



Steel and Tron frame (Uork 

FOR BUILDINGS, ROOFS. RAILROAD 
AND HIGHWAY BRIDGES. 

Plans and estimates furnished. Write us. 

ecneral Offices: 5$ TfOllt St., lUOrmtCr, lllaSS. 

Works beside tracks of Fitchburjj and B. A: M. Railroads, 
W^orcester, Mass. 



ROOFING AND SHEET METAL WORK. 

74 PRESCOTT STKEET, 

AVORCESTER. MASS. 







QONDfTfo/vs 

THERE IS NO OTHER WAY." h.d 
SUCH FOOD IS 

Shredded Whole Wheat Biscuit: 

and with them as the basis in general cookery the e 
is pleased, the taste satisfied, the body is nourished 
natural proportion, and natural conditions follow. 



X 




Raspberries in Biscuit Basket. 
Recipe No. 136. 

,i - %v 





Creamed Spinach on Shredded Wheat Biscuit Toast. 
Recipe No. 62. 




Egg Toast Recipe No. 28. 




Poached Egg on Shredded Wheat Biscuit. 
Recipe No. 26. 



Mr. James Ten Eyck, the father and trainer of the 
»w famous "Ned " Ten Eyck, winner of theI>iamond 
nils at Henley Koyal Regatta, says:— "For good, 
ugh, elastic muscle, and at the same time to keep the 
>dy in good condition, there is nothing in mv judg- 
ent equal to Shredded Wheat Biscuit. This'food is 
■e from previous fermentation, as found in light 
ends made from fine flour, which should always be 
'oided. I am convinced it is a perfect food to train 
i, and to live largely on before training, instead of 
ly other kind of bread or cereals. I keep ' Shredded 
heat' in my house — would not be without it." 




Shredded Wheat Biscuit Jellied Apple Sandwich. 
Recipe No. 249. 




Biscuit, Warm or Colo, with Milk or Cream 
Recipe No. i. 



Speaking of Shredded Wheat Biscuit. Rev. I) 
Edward Everett Hale says there is nothing he moi 
enjoys for his breakfast. 

Rev. Dr. John Lindsay Withrow says: "Our tabi 
is constantly sujijilied with your delicious biscuit." 




x^ 



^^'ISHES 



'Wm 



rFoR^i-^ILLUSTRATED ON OPP OSITE SIDE OF THIS SHEET. 



136 Raspberries in Shredded Wheat Biscuit Baskets. One 

uart raspberries, % cup sugar, V2 cup ice water, or 
hopped ice, 6 Shredded Wheat Biscuit, V2 pint thin 
ream, powdered sugar. Wash and pick over the 
ernes, crush % of them, add the sugar and ice water, 
et in a cool place 1 hour. Prepare the Biscuit by 
utting with a sharp pointed knife, an oblong cavity 
a the top of the Biscuit, about i/4 inch from sides and 
nds ; carefully remove the top and all inside shreds, 
aaking a basket. Fill with the crushed berries, let- 
ing the syrup saturate the Biscuit. Put the whole 
terries, of a uniform size, on top; sprinkle with 
)Owdered sugar and serve with cream. Strawberries, 
)lackberries or bananas may be prepared in the same 
vay. Blueberries may be used without crushing. 
Pineapple, peaches or cantaloupe may also be used, 
jaring and cutting fine with silver knife, using same 
proportions of sugar and water. Stewed apples may 
dso be used as a filling for the baskets. 

28 Egg Toast. Six hard cooked eggs, paprica, celery 
5alt, 1 cup thin cream, 1 level tablespoon butter, 1 
evel tablespoon Entire Wheat Flour, 4 Shredded 
Wheat Biscuit. Cook the eggs 45 minutes, cool in 
:old water, remove shells, separate yolks and whites. 
Make a cream sauce of the cream, flour, butter, V2 
teaspoon salt, V2 teaspoon paprica; add the whites 
of eggs put through potato ricer. Split the Biscuit, 
sprinkle with celery salt, dust with paprica, and toast 
a light brown in oven, remove to warm platter, dress 
with the sauce, cover the top with the yolks of the 
eggs put through a potato ricer, garnish with finely 
minced parsley. 

26 Poached or Scrambled Eggs oa Shredded Wheat Biscuit. 
Moisten the Biscuit slightly with cold water, .place 
small bits of butter on top ; put in buttered pan in 
hot oven about 3 minutes. Remove with pancake 
turner to warm plate. Use as toast for scrambled or 
poached eggs. 



HOW 
TO SPLIT 

THE 
BISCUIT 




FOR 

TOAST 

AND OTHER 

SERVINGS. 



151 Shredded Wheat Biscuit Toast. With a sharp pointed 
knife split the Biscuit lengthwise into halves, toast to 
nice light brown, either in oven or over coals, being 
careful not to bum. If butter is used, put on cold, a 
little at a time— enough for a bite only at once. No 
yeast germs, no baking powder gases, no greasy 
shortening, and yet you have a perfectly light and 
short bread. Note.— Thousands of families have no 
other bread in the house. 

62 Creamed Spinach. 14 peck spinach, 6 Shredded 



Wheat Biscuit, V4. teaspoon salt, M teaspoon white 
pepper, V2 cup heavy cream, 2 level tablespoons 
butter, salt and pepper. Pick over and wash the 
spinach till entirely fi-ee firom grit, put in a kettle 
without water and set on the stove where it will cook 
slowly till the juices are drawn out, then boil till 
tender. Drain and chop fine. Return to kettle, add 
butter, salt, pepper and cream; heat, but do not 
cook. Split the Biscuit with sharp pointed knife, 
sprinkle lightly with salt and pepper, toast lightly in 
oven. Dress with the prepared spinach and serve hot. 
249 Shredded Wheat Biscuit Jellied Apple Sandwich. 4 
large apples, V2 cup water, V2 cup sugar, 2 Shredded 
Wheat Biscuit, 1 package Raspberry Bromangelon, 
1 pint boiling water. Pare, core and quarter the 
apples, put in sauce pan with the 1/2 cup w^ater and 
cook covered until tender, then add the sugar and set 
in a cool place until cold. Turn the boiling water on 
to the Bromangelon and stir until dissolved. Spht 
the Biscuit lengthwise into halves, remove some of the 
inside shreds, put a layer of the stewed apples between 
the halves. Into a narrow pan long enough to take 
the Biscuits, placed end to end, turn the dissolved 
Bromangelon to the depth of 1/4 inch and set in ice 
water to harden. When it is hard, place the Biscuit 
top side down in the pan and turn around them the 
remainder of the dissolved Bromangelon and set 
away to harden. Serve with thin cream. If Broman- 
gelon is not to be had, the sandwich may be prepared 
in the following manner: Soak V2 box of Plymouth 
Rock Gelatine' (pink) in V2 cup cold water V2 hour. 
If you use' Knox's Gelatine or Burnham's Jellycon, 
follow direcrions on those packages to prepare liquid ; 
then proceed as directed for Bromangelon. Cook 
the parings and cores of the apples in IV2 pints 
of water for 20 minutes, then strain the boiling water 
from them on to the gelatine, stir until dissolved and 
add 2/3 cup sugar. When the sugar is dissolved, strain 
and proceed as directed in recipe above. Any of the 
pure gelatines may be used. In their season, straw- 
berries, crushed or cut in halves, may be used as a 
substitute for stewed apples. Raspberries or other 
berries may also be used without cutting or crushing. 
Note.— Your tinner can make the mould for you ; 
dimensions: deep. 2H inches; long at top, 9 inches; 
at bottom, SVa inches; wide at top, SVs inches; bot- 
tom, 2% inches. 

1 Biscuit with Milk or Cream, Served Warm. Hold the 
Biscuit between thumb and second finger, and, with 
bottom side down, dip it quickly in cold milk, then 
hold it perpendiculariy until the milk drains ofi". Lay 
the Biscuit in a buttered pan, cover, and put in a hot 
oven from three to five minutes. Remove with pan- 
cake turner to a warm plate, and serve with cream 
and sugar, if preferred, or with butter, or syrup. If 
it is desired to serve the Biscuit cold, after dipping in 
cold milk as above, let set from three to five minutes, 
and serve with top dressing of cream or milk, sugar 
to taste, or serve cold as taken from carton, with 
milk or cream 



'xhe above recipes are taken frotn The Vital Question Cook Book ,wh^ch contains ?ver 250 .j-l^-^i^, -^^^P^' ^e ''to til 
on the food subject, table of food values, etc., conveniently arranged for consultation anu 



THK WORCESTER MACIAZIXE, 



G5 



Callahan Supply Company, 



^ 



W holesale 

I)e;ilers in 



Plumbers' 
Brass 

and « « « 

Iron 

6oods. 



^ 




* ^ ■ — —• *" " ?^ 

» ^ ?==^ ■ IS'I 




^ 



Slate, 

marble, 

$oap$tone 

and 

Solid 

Porcelain 

mare. 



^ 



32 = 34 Foster Street, Worcester, Mass. 



Stephen C. Eaklk. 



Clei.lan \V. Fisiiek. 



Architects, 

Omccs: 7/S State 77/utuat ^uitcttny, 
llJorcester, 77/ass. 

Duncan ^ Goodcll £o., 



WHOLESALERS 
AND RETAILERS IN 



Hardware and Cutlery. 

W'c liavc Ihc- tintst line "I 'r;ihlc .nul r<Kkct LUtlery, 
also hijrhest }rr:i(ic of Scissors, incliulin^ all kinds from 
Finrst Manicure Scissors to Tailors' Shears, to be seen in 
Worcester. 

We make a specialty of Builders' Hardware and Sup- 
plies, and carry in stock a large line of lust quality door 
and window trimininifs. 

404 Main Street, Cor. Pearl. 



S inclair j< Dnguet, ... 




Richmond Boilers. Peas e Econo my 
Combination Heaters. The Electric 
Heat Regulator. High-Pressure and 
Mill Piping. .< .< Jl Jt Jt 

36 Pearl St., Worcester. 

H. M. WAITE, 



General r^ 
Hardware, 



No. 189 Front Street, Worcester. 



Gti 



Till': W OK Li: STICK MAciAZlXE. 



Harry Ballard, 




Real Estate 



and 



Mortgages. 



m 

6 



f 



aimcw. 

New Worcester. 



ontvale. 

Salisbury St. 

rovcland. jrvinaton. 



Ballard St. I Quinsigamond Av. 



c 



>11K finest location tor ;i private residence i^ 
MONT\".VI.E, wIktc iiiiprovonu'iits are all 

in anit no two-teiu'iiu'iit house is alloweil 

House lots at FAIRVIEW .ir i;iU)VK- 

l.AXn are $5.00 down ami small payments weekly. 

No tuxes or interest while paying' for lot; free deed 

in case of death. 

Tenements Rented and Cared For. 



Room 624, State .Mutual Buildinn: 






riauritz Johnson, 

(Formerly of ClitVord \' Johnson.) 

Custom Upholstery. 




311 Main Street, 

Central Exchange Building, Worcester, Mass. 



H 



OWARD AUTOMATIC 
.« SKYLIGHT LIFTS, 




Oporatfd at aii> (listiincf from the floor. 

Indorsed by all architects. StrOIli). « DurdblC. 

I'sed hy leadiiii; eontraetors. €ilSilV OpCfilKd. 

TtlCXPCnSilV. Wanted by all owners of buildinsrs. 

lilritC for Booklets. For sale by all Hardware Dealers. 

S. I. HOWARD. 



j^fiifi^^Ms 




5lS Mam bt., xx^^ 



/"* « • 1 n the vicinity of Insti- 

VllUlCC .... Museum. Polytechnic 

Institute, also Massa- 

Building Lots uHid [^r^:^yj^^^ ■: 

Stephen Salisbury, 

9 Main Street, /? Worcester. 



w ( )K(i:s Ti'.k M .\(,.\/ I \ !•: 



67 



Saratoga Star Spring ff^ater 

Cures Indigestion & Dyspepsia 
Finest Table Heater 



ANALYSIS. 



GKAINS IN GAL. 

Chloride of Sodiuin, ..... 137.604 

chloride of Potassium, .... 7-S02 

Chloride of Ammoniimi, .... 0.S08 

Itroinitleof Sodiuin, .... 0.361 

Iodide of Sodium, ..... trace 

Fluoride of Calcium, .... trace 

r. icarbonate of I^ithia, .... 2.O3S 

IJicarhonate of Soda, .... 18.309 

U icarbonate of Mafjnesia, . . 47-'43 

Bicarbonate of I,iine, .... 118.327 

Bicarbonate of Strontia, .... 0.0S5 

1! icarbonate of Baryta, .... 0.303 

Bicarbonate of Iron, .... 2.516 

Sulphate of Potassa, .... 0-S75 

Phosphate of Soda trace 

Hiborate of Soda, ..... trace 

Nitrate of Soda, 0.685 

Alumina 0.064 

Silica, 0.857 

T"t:'l 337.177 

Carbonate Acid Gas, 406.925 cubic inches. 

C. F. cn.VNDI.EIJ. Ph I). 



Palatka, Florida. 
S.\RATOGA SrAK Si'KI.NCi Co., 

Saratoga Springs, X. V. 

I have used the St.\r Spring Water for a 
period of twenty years, and for Gastric troubles 
have proved its nierits beyond dispute. A 
ftiend of mine given up to die, in Niantic, Conn., 
with Gastric fever, m a very short time after the 
Star Watkr readied her, fully recovered; the 
burning sensation in the stomach ceased, and she 
could not tind words to express her gratitude for 
the box forwarded to her. .Mrs. C. F. Eaton ot 
Ilollis, N. n., sufTered for years from mucous irri- 
tations, unable to use salts, says: "The Star 
Water has added years to my life." I could 
till a volume of testimonials were it necessary. 
Would that all suflerers could drink and be healed. 
Mrs. E. A. Parkhikst, 

Brooklyn Registry of Nurses. 



Star Water has wow a very high phice aincHig the leadiiiL^ 
tahle waters, hecause it is most agreeahle to the palate and 
has great medicinal value. It comes from the earth carhon- 
ized; wo artificial gas is used in charging it. 



Ask your Groce?' or U i?ie Mcrcl.nuit for Stiir II dtcf\ 
a?id if he cannot fit /-/lis I) it jvritc direct to 

Saratoga Star Spring Conipany 

Saratoira Spr/N<TS, N. Y. 



68 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 




Zbc /IDost Stvlisb Garment 
®t tbc Season is tbe 

Long 0\ ercoat, 

MADE FROM THE NEW SHADES 
OF OXFORD GREY VICUNA AND 
CHEVIOT, CUT WITH EITHER 

.. .. IRaolan or flDilitarv Sboul^cr9, .. .. 

TAILORED AND TRIMMED TO PERFECTION. 
GUARANTEED RIGHT IN EVERY RESPECT. 

$15.00 to $28.00 

Ware, Pratt Company, 



Complete iS^utfltters for flDen an^ Bo^s. 

Sr.-J'TE MUrUJL BUILDING. 



lAMONDS and Precious 
Stones are our specialty. 
Our 30 years' experience 
places us at the head in 
this line. In addition, we carry a full 
line of Jewelry, Cut Glass, Poker 
Etching Outfits and Material for 
Burning. We also have the exclu- 
sive agency for the Dedham Pot- 
tery and the Haztine Casts, which 
are acknowledged to be the finest 
goods of the kind made. 

We repair Jewelry and Fancy 
Articles of all kinds. Our experi- 
ence is at your service at all times. 

PENNINGTON, 

Manufacturing £) Jeweler, 
6 Elm Street. 



P. H. DUPREY, 
Real Estate 
and Mortgages. 

Rents Collected and Property 
Cared For. Fire Insurance. 



WalkerBuiulinir, 4^5 ^^I'^l'^ otrCet. 




H. A. Tenney, 



M;inul:ictuit'v of 



Shoe findings 

34 Southbridge Street, Worcester 



and SHOE STORE 
SUPPLIES, 



THE \\()J>IC1-:S ri:K M.VliAZlXE, 



69 



'_^:»- 









'^W 







BREWER 
& CO. 



^ 



Konncrlv BUSH & CO. 

mbolesale and 
Retail Druggists, 

.■>« I'Ho.vr Stkket, 

WOKCESTKH, "NrA^S>i. 







JEROME f 








MJRBLE ^ CO., 3 


NVI' 






JGoston anO Worcester. 








...Oils, Starches, Dyestuffs, ... 








» 
» 


PAINTS AND PAINTERS' SUPPLIES. 
\/-T7XTTc THE PROCTER & GAMBLE CO. 
AOiiiN 1 & —THE HARKNESS & CAWING CO. 


* 
» 






» 
» 


RED OILS. 








F/// j'C/z/r C'6^// i^/// /I01C ivitli our 
Standards and scree trouble. . . . 

ILachawanna Scranton, 
Xebicjb 3cbbo, 
Xebicjb IFDaslctoii, 
Ipocabontas SSituniinous. 



Bay State Coal Company, 

Tele. 990. J(.)HX B. SIMARD. 70 Front St. 
Tele, 940. i.OUIS DUBREl'IL. 107 Gold St. 



70 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 




HILL'S FAMOUS CLOTHES DRYERS. 

Sold by tlie Hardware Tradr tlirouyhnut tlie 
world. Send lor Catalou^uc- 

Hill Dryer Co., Worcester. Mass. 



Ben. J. Bernstrom 




Undertaker 



and 



Embalmer, 



M^^M 



Funeral Goods such as ColRns, Caskets, Name 
Plates and Robes constantly on hand. Everything 
pertaining to Funerals promptly attended to. 

Office, lUarcrooms and Residence, 
113 Thomas Street, Worcester. 

Justice of the Peace. Telephone. 



Baker Box Co, 



Box ^ 
$book$. 



SAWDUST BY 
.... CARLOAD. 

" BaKer's Wood Burns " 
The Best Kindling. 



82 Foster Street, 



WORCESTER. 



J. B. Scrimgeour, 

S' House Lots 

On Easy Terms 

in All Parts of the City. 



518 Main Street, 



Room 15. 



Successors to 
FiSKE Brothers. 



Cbe Tiske 
Dill Posting Co., 



DISPL^ Y 
VETKJISING, 



Bill Posters, Distributers, Sign and 
^ .ji j^ Bulletin Advertisers. 

47 (Ualdo Street, « morcester. 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



71 





'vaia iNHUHANOjfl oirs'icjfl oi<' . . . 




^vASlnn:R.\, wiT^r^rs, dRnny.B <«r baths. 




^VAS KSTAIJLI«IIKr> I>- 1M43. 


\\\ 


make the Insurance <>f Manufacturing Plants a specialty. Sprinkler rates furnished. Employers' 




I^iahility Insurance. Steam Boiler and Use and Occupancy Insurance. Only the oldest and most 




responsible cimipaniis re|)resentid. Kir, .maix !ST., \VOHCK>^'1'i;u . 



A.M/i Doiii), I'ri—t. 



♦Jk'.am/ku is 



15- 



.. Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Co., .. 

<)!•' NIONVARIC. N. .1. 

THE POI.ICY CONTRACT OF THIS COMl'ANV IS THE NEAREST 
LIKE A SAVINGS BANK ACCOUNT OF ANY WRITTEN 

In point of low expense rate, high interest, and long experience in writing liberal policy contracts, the 
Mutual Benefit is in a better position to furnish insurance at cost than any of its competitors. 

The Comijany has given better satisfaction to patrons than any other Company. 

Many representative Worcester men after long experience with companies will endorse the above claims. 

Before insuring elsi u lure, consult 

MACGOWAN & McGOWN, 



Manai.ers for Centkai, Massaciusf.tts. 



DAY BI.D •(■-., v"! MAIN ST., WORCESTER. M.\SS. 



Tatman & 
1 aric^ ♦ ♦ « 



K. I AMES Tatman. 
Geo. A. Park. 



mo. 410 /IDam Street, IRoom IRo. 2. 
■Cclcpbonc, 32i>=.i. . . . 

==____\VOKCK.STKR, MASS. 



We give prompt personal attention to every detail. 

'N'our i):ilninat;i' is res]iectful!v >riliiili-il. 



(HAS. i:. (IKANT, 



I'IK'K IXSIK'ANl'i:. 



Htate MiTi-AF. Bl-ii-i>im.. w < ) H t'ESXER . 



\\ . C. M. I)..N M li 



\Kriu u Mo.NKOF 



. . . mcDonaid ci: monroe, . . . 

Ki:ai- II>^tai'i; 

Reliable Insurance. New England Mutual Life 
Insurance Co., of Boston. Home Fire and 
Marine Insurance Company of California. 

:tos 1=2 npain St.. XClOfCC^tcr. /Ra^t 



THE 

MERCANTILE 

AGENCY, 

R. 6. Dun S( €o., Proprutors. 

W. S. RADWAV, MANAGER. 



.16u5incs5 /ll^en ^lUH^licC* witb 
Competent OtHce Ibclp. . . . 

Worcester Business 
Institute, 



47o /lt>ain St. 



C. Ji3. Po^t. pnn. 



gAYJTATE HOUSE, 

. . . "Oaorccytcr, /I^a^y. . . . 
Ladies' and Gentlemetis Cafe. 

KKAXIC I". noL'JiLASS. I'hiipbietoh. 

Graduated Prues. Fir.-t-Class in every respect. 
Klevator. Sli.iui lli iti d Thnui^jhout. 



72 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



£ollin$ $( Soutbwortb, 




The Preble Improved 
Cushioned Boot 

Is just \vli;il Lailius ot to-day 
should wear, tliat is if tlie ladies 
wish to keej) their feet nat- 
ural shape, as our boots are 
made on lasts that allow the 
foot to have its natural shape, 
and therefore sjivintr all comfort 
that can ])ossibly be liad in a 
boot. They fit most feet and fit 
them perfectly. 

Price $3.50. 

Also Oxfords, $2.00. 

In Mun's \vc iiave the 

Forbush Cushion Shoe 

Price, $5.00, 

And the same can be said for 
Men's that has been said of 
Ladies'. 



Franklin Square 
£> Shoe Store, 



533 Main St. 



D 



^ 



O'NT Forget to come and see 
us when in need of a pair of 

/^ SHOES. 

Full Line of Ladies', Men's 
Misses' and Children's. . . , 



FELIX ST. AMOUR & CO., 

128 Front Street, 0pp. Trumbull, Worcester. 
TuII line of Packard's Shoes for men Only. 

Hotel du Nord, 

MARTIN TRULSON, Prop. 

American and European Plans. 

39, 41, 43 Summer Street, 

WORCESTER, MASS. 



HERBERT HALL 

A Home for the Care and Treatment of 
Persons Afflicted witli Mental Diseases. 



For Terms, Etc., Address 

MERRICK BEMIS, M. D., HERBERT HALL, 
Assistant Physician, John M. Bemis. 

Salisbury Street, ^ Worcester. 

WILLIAM H. BALCOM, 

PROPRIETOR OF 

Bay State Laundry^ 

FINE COLLAR AND CUFF 
WORK A SPECIALTY. . . . 



Work called for and Delivered Free. 
J 7 ChtJfch Street, Worcester, Mass. 



TELEPHONE. 



J. S. Wesby & Sons 
good BooKblndinfl 

At Reasonable Prices. 

3$7 main Street, « so foster Street, 

Worcester, Mass. 

For Sale near Worcester. 



FARMS 



Fully described in the 



NEW ENGLAND ILLUSTRATED. 

From a Cosy Cottage for a trifle to a palatial Country Seat 
upon which a fortune has been expended, for a fraction of 

its value. Postpaid by Chapin's Farm Agency, 
257 Washington St., Boston. 

Established 1S71. 

C. REBBOLI & SON, 

Contectioners and Caterers, 

444 Main Street, Worcester. 

Eong Distance Telephone Connection. 



THE WORCESTER M A ( i A /. I X E. 



A Good AD 

Is the *R^esult of Good 
Talk and Good Printing 



jinother Good Add 

Example : 

Attractiveness 
Originality 
E^ffectiveness 
Good Paper 
Good Presswork 



SATISFACTION 



—The Result 



F.S.BLANCHARD & Co 

Good Printers 

Number Thirty=Four Front St. 



74 



THE WORCESTER AIAGAZIXE. 



Worcester Joslah Brown, 

/-» t\ J 1 Manufacturer of 

Gear Works. .uu,.,.o, 

GEAK. ^ 
WHEELS 



Patterns for Cast 
Gears Made of 
Wood or Iron. 



Particular attention gisen to Cutting Finished 
Work; also Drawings for Gear Work made to 
order. A specialty of Cutting Wood or Iron 
Patterns for Cast Gears and Cutting Cog or 
Mill Gears, from one to five-inch circular pitch 
and eight feet in diameter 



No. 13 Cypress Street, 



Worcester, Mass. 



H. C. Fish Machine Works, 

Manufacturers of 
and Dealers in 

MACHINE 
^ TOOLS. 



152 Union Street, Worcester, Mass. 

Established i8SS- 
Incorporated 1S94. 

L. HARDY COMPANY, 

Machine Knives 

OF ALL KINDS. DIE and 
. . . PLATED STOCK. 

9 Mill Street, Worcester, Mass. 

H. G. BARR & CO., 

C^noWImrA . Special flDacbincrv 

OCUalllVc isM v^ an^ jFinc Coole 

Drilling Machines, LongoiTTeV 

51 Union Street, "Worcester, Mass. 

J. H. Wa.shburn, Pres. C. S. Chapin, Sec. & Treas. 

Washburn & Garfield Manufacturing Co., 

Wholesale ami Retail Deakrs in 

WROUGHT IRON and BRASS PIPE. 

Steam, Gas and Water Supplies. Mechanical 
and Heating Engineers. Steam Construction. 



Foster Street, 



Worcester, Mass. 



(( 



Queen of Sea 
Routes. 



To Old Point, Richmond, Washington, 
Norfolk and Baltimore 



Merchants & Miners 
Transportation Co. 

Steannship Lines from 
Boston and Providence. 



Accommodations and Cuisine Unsurpassed. 
Steamers New, Fast and Elegant. 

Send for Illustrated Booklet and Particulars. 



W. P. TURNER, G. P. A, 

J. C. WHITNEY, T. M. 

A. D. STEBBINS, A. T. M. 

General Offices, Baltimore, Itld. 



flDawbinnei? Xast Co. 



Manufacturers of 



Boot and Shoe 

M Lasts, 

jfactorg, :fi3rocf?ton, /libass. :ffioston ©fficc, 
56 TLlncoln St., IRoom 2). 

S. PORTER & CO., 

Last Manufacturers, 

No. 25 Union St., Worcester. 

Boston Office, 1S.5 Essex St., Room 703. 



R. L QOLBERT, ^ 



Manufacturer of 



LASTS. 

Factory, 19 Church Street, Worcester, Mass. 



Boston Office, 59 Lincoln Street, cor. Essex. 




THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 75 

jf. S, Blancbarb 8. Company 

THIRTY-FOUR FRONT STREET 

CIRCULAR 

1^' vou are needing Printing of an\ kind, 
it is well to consider one or two Vital 
Points regarding the matter. You want 
it to be effective^ to bring y^esults^ to jus- 
tify the expense. 
dL Select a printer who has shown that he is able to 
do Stro?i^ &" Telli?ig Work, Require of him that he 
give vour work an hidividualit\\ make it attractive 
and in good taste. 

dL Do not imagine that all printers can do this, if 
vou urge them ; or even if vou pav them liberally. 
Good Prifitifig is an Art^ and none but a typographic 
artist can produce that strong, attracti\e, telling thing 
you want. XTbC BlanCbatb IPVCSS chdms to be able 
to solve the Problem of Printi?ig in a manner that w ill 
satisfy your taste and requirements and bring returns. 
dL If' vou arc not quite certain what \o\\ require, ex- 
plain to us \()ur situation and wc will Suggest, Des/gu 
df IFrite, as well as print. And we will do it all at a 
price that will make \()ur Printing cost less than the 
cheapest — reckoning results and satisfaction. 



76 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 




WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN 

MAHUFAaURERsAoENTS 



GRASS 

5EEDS 

fERTlblZERS 

Specialt/ ^^ ^ 



roR 



0: 



ALiniEUTISTlHPKO 

FarmMac«in * 



WJ 






OODENWARE 

PuMP5 Etc. 



90692 FliONTvS^r. ''''^^,^''^ 

WorcesterMass. 




OUR NEW LOCATION, 90 and 92 FRONT STREET, 
Directly Opposite the Soldiers' Monument. Nine Floors, Covering About One Acre of Space. 



State Mutual Life 
Assurance 
Company, 



JVorcester^ Mass. 



Incorporated 1844. 



^^^Ss^^s^^^^^^Ss^^ss^^ss^ 






Assets, . . $17,777,848.41 
Liabilities, . 15,924,344.76 

Surplus, . . $1,853,503.65 



^^^f^^^ 



f^^^^^^^^^ 



iqpr 



A. G. Bullock, President. H. M. Witter, Secretary. 



THE WORCESTER 
MAGAZINE 



FEBRUARY p; ' 

MAR Xi] 



1901 



Co;, .,- 
CLASS XXc. Ni 
COPY ::. 



DEVOTED TO 

<5oob Cftfsensbip anb flDunfcfpal Development 

WORCESTER. MASS. 



The First National Bank, 

WORCESTER, MASS. 
Capital, $300,000. 



Surplus, 
Deposits, 



200,000. 
2,892,649. 



THIS BANK SOLICITS ACCOUNTS FROM INDI- 
VIDUALS, FIRMS AND CORPORATIONS, AND WILL 
BE PLEASED TO MEET OR CORRESPOND WITH 
THOSE WHO CONTEMPLATE MAKING CHANGES 
OR OPENING NEW ACCOUNTS. 

Interest allowed on special deposits subject to check. 

ALBERT H. WAiTE, President. 
GILBERT K. RAND, Cashier. 



■■■■ 



PEOPLE'S 
Savings Bank, 

462 MAIN STREET. 



Deposits from SI to SIOOO rec*iTed. 
Bank Hoars, 9 to 4. Saturdays, 9 to 1, 6 to 8 
The boars on Saturday Evening are for accom- 
modation of depositors only. 



SAMUEI. R. HBYWOOD, President. 
CHAS. M. BENT, Treasurer. • 




Zbc Morcceter 



♦♦♦♦ 



Is to be issued monthly, on the 15th, at $2 a 
year, 20 cents a number. Its circulation v^^ill 
be exclusively among the most liberal buyers, 
and largely such as deal in and manufacture 
staples ; and present indications promise a 
large and permanent list of subscribers. 

¥¥¥¥¥ 

Ubc 3f ebruar^ IRumber of tbc TRIlorcester /IDaaa- 

3inC will show a decided advance in interest, 
and it is believed each month will show such 
improvement as virill more than justify the 
hopes and promises of its conductors. 

¥¥¥¥¥ 

/Manuscript for tbc BMtOr, payments, and all in- 
quiries may be sent to the Board of Trade 
Rooms, II Foster Street, Worcester, Mass. 



THE \V()RC1-:st1':r .MA(iAzi>;i-:. 



77 



^w^^w^w«v«v^(^^^yww^^^^tf^(V(VmW^tftfMW^«w^ww^«v«v«W(Vy'^/iv^ 



iJMMMii 




WORKS OF 



F. E. REED COMPANY, Worcester, Mass. 

MANUFACTURERS OF MACHINE TOOLS. 



/»> 
/»> 

AS 

4V 
4S 

AS 
<IS 

^> 

IS 



4S 
AS 
AS 

AS 
AS 
AS 
AS 
AS 
AS 
^•> 

/»^ 

AS 
AS 






Drice Re ductions 



FOLLOW ... 
STOCK=TAKINQ. 



This season we have made SPECIAL PRICES 
in order to clean out every broken lot 



All Departments. ^ ^ 

Men's Overcoats and Snits, $6.00 to $20.00. 
Boys' Overcoats and Suits, $2.50 to $lo. 



OUR GUARANTEE WITH EVERY GARMENT. 

Ware, Vratt Co., 

State Mutual Building. 



Complete Outfitters 

for Men and Bom 






I 



I 



>» 
« 

$ 



'^$i$i$i$^$i$i$;$$^$i$i$f€$i€'€^$^$^$^5^€$^e$'^^$^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 



0/ 

I// 



78 



Till': WORCKSTKR xMA(iAZIXE. 



Cr onipton 6 Kno w^les 
Loom Works 



WORCESTE,R, MASS. 



"Branch }Vor'f(_s, 

"Providence, R. I. 




^•<«mr - ' 







p»''-''3jj^iyi^ — 




CROMPTON & KNOWLES LOOM VWJRKS. 

»0<?CCSTt*t M*S& L' S * 



yl "Bit of Loom History. 



1840 



1900 



lii-Dav 



In 1840 the first fancy power Loom IN THE WORLD 
was introduced by us and successfully operated. 

During the year 1900 the Crompton & Knowles Loom 
Works built nearly TWENTY THOUSAND LOOMS, 
JACQUARDS and DOBBIES for weaving every 
possible variety of FABRIC. 

Thousands of mill owners and loom operators enjoy the 
benefits of our SIXTY YEARS' EXPERIENCE in loom 
building. 



The Worcester Magazine 



CONTENTS FOR FEBRUARY, igoi. 

HON. GEORGE F. HOAR (• n.ntispiece 

•THE SUBSTAN'CE OF THINGS HOPED FOR" I^ige 95 

OUR BRETHREN FROM OTHER LANDS Re\ . Eluridge Mix, D. D. 99 

THE MOST VITAL PROBLEMS OF NEW ENGLAND CITIES . ,02 

HOW TO MAKE AN IDEAL CITY . . William Makdn Reedv 106 
SEWERAGE AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL 

OF WORCESTER . . . Harrison P. Eni.v . m 

THE CITIZEN AND THIC CITY ,24 

GROWTH AND PROBLEMS OF MODERN 

CITIES Dk. Aluert Shaw ... 126 

THE PRESS AND THE PEOPLE . 12S 

MUNICIPAL ART MUSEUMS FOR THE PEOPLE ... ,30 

IS WORCESTER ALIVE TO THESE FACTS ,32 

DR. HALE'S WORKS, AND OTHER BOOKS ,33 

THE LEAGUE OF AMERICAN MUNICIPALITIES.— ITS OBJECTS 

AND BENEFITS ,35 

BOARD OF TRADE NOTES 136 

BK; work for BOARDS OF TRADE ,3; 



Terms: $2.00 a year ; single copies, 20 cents. For sale by newsdealers. Published by the 
Board of Trade of Worcester, Mass., and printed by F. S. Blanchard & Co. Committee on 
Publication, Rufus B. Fowler, G. Stanley Hall, Irving E. Comins. Address all communications 
to II Foster street, Worcester, Board of Trade Rooms. Co]n-right 1901. 






80 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



STANDARD FOUNDRY COMPANY 



Iron Founders. 

Special attention ifiven to tlie 
Manufacture of Hiii'h Grade 

Machinery Castino-s. 



TAINTER AND GARDNER STREETS, WORCESTER. 



Geo. F. Blake Jr. & Co. 




_-_ ^_. TitrJii T fit 1 r'HiiiiimiiiHr "iiiiiii , -! r 



Iron and 
Steel. 



Heavy Hardware. 
Structural Steel. 
Sole Ag^ents for Duplex Joist 
Hang;ers, Carriage Makers' 
and Blacksmiths' Supplies. 



two Ccicpboncs, 



nos. 524 and ii6o. 



Junction of Bridge, 

M] 



::',Z°;rFr.v s... Worcester, mass. 



A. S. MiLLEK, Jr., I'reasiuer. 



K. 11. Bkow.n, Cliief Engineer. 



Eastern Briilg:e and Structural Co. . . 



Engineers, Contractors and 
Manufacturers of .. .. 

Steel 

Structural 

Work 



of €ucry 
Description. 



Steel and Tron Trame (Uork 

FOR BUILDINGS, ROOFS, RAILROAD 
AND HIGHWAY BRIDGES. 

I'lans and tstiniates finnisliL-d. Write us. 

eeneral Offices: 5$ TrOllt St., mOfCCSfCr, 1114$$. 

Works beside tracl<.s of Fitchbur}; and B. A: M. Railroads, 
Worcester, Mass. 



^ 



T H I-: wo R c I-: s T I-: r m a ( ; a z i x ic . 

;^ -^ '^5^ '^r^ •.i:::^ .,2?' '^^7 .^-7 ..ijr .^:-7._^j^ .^^^.^^T'.^jjr .^^ 



81 



w 



* 



4 



# 



Your Health ^ ^ 

^ e^ Depends on what you eat 



In this age of advancement the baking ot tood stuffs 
has become one ot the fine arts, the people demand health- 
gi\inL)[ toods, and we take great pleasure in recommending to 
\()u our tamous 



t 







m 












* 






Toasted Butter Crackers 



k which ha\e been produced alter caretid scientific experiments, ^ 

'\K and we teel confident in sa\'ing that it is a pure, health-gi\'ing r^ft^ 

\ cracker ha\ing all the nourishing properties ot the jHirest mate- ^'" 

JM rial concentrated b\ our special process. 



^ T> r T I 

I beware oi Imitations ! ^ 



^^ 






Manufactured Only By 






ft 



The Cartwrig^ht-Borden Co. # 



Worcester, Mass. 



'^5 .,£?'. .^^P". .^5^. .,£5'. .<£:7. .^^zP-. .^^^7. .iS'. ..£?'. ,^27. ..s^'. ,,2:7. .^s;". .iS^^ 



' ^•^^^?^^^?^^^^^V^?^^^^^?^?^?^?^^^?^^^?^V^^^*^^*"'^*^=5i"""=5:.""=a>* 



82 



^^<Ui3^^^-^ 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



(T'^'^^^OM 



Dainty and Exquisite 



Sapphire 
Corsets 



# 




M00£u,No.^6 

Exclusive and original designs. Strictly Hand- 
made. For the finest and most exacting trade. 




Bon Ton 
Corsets 



In all fashionable shapes, contributing the latest 
stylish effects in dress 



Royal Worcester 
Corsets 



For all classes of trade and the widest range of figures. 



All of the above lines in The new Straight Front, 
Bias-Gored, Low Bust and Long, Sloping Hips. 

As Exclusive Agents for the above celebrated lines in 
Worcester, we invite critical examination of them at our 
Corset Department. 




?0YAL\N0ReESTE|^ 

Style 562 



Boston Store, 



Denholm & McKay Co., 



^(T^^j^w" 



Worcester, Mass. 



(L===t^t?r^^ 



THE \\'orci-:s'im-:r macazixf 



83 



Norton Rmerv Wheel (>o. 




A\'()K'K>^ A I \\ ( )K'< 1 :>-. ri :ix', M A!-;^,. 



CORUNDUM and EMERY WHEELS. 

EMERY WHEEL MACHINERY. INDIA OIL STONES. 

XlClallJcr laniversal TLooi auD Cutter Grin^el^ 

tlllCAOO STORE— 2.-> «. C'amai- Strekt. 



C. W. CLAFLIN & CO. 



■\Vliolesale 
and Retail 
Dealers in 

Anthracite 

and 
Bituminous 

Coal. 



^ 







-'»S»S± 



^ 



Coal Pockets, 
; (iratron 
Street. 

Coal and 

\\ Ood ^ ard. 

Shrew siuiiN 
Street. 



^ 



General ( )i i ke, 

375 MAIN SrRl':in\ W'ORClvS I l.R, MASS. 



I ^T^^v^^y^^T^^r^^T* 






84 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 





^^/^^v^^ 7f^^ m^^ 



MAXIFAJTL'REKS 



^V\^IRE 






AViKK (^LoTH. Poultry Xkttixcj 

^VlKE I.A'i'HING, SCRE\\>; 
_ lirA-KTS. WtaPI.es. lilI,i,EES 



^\"oK<■K^^-l.,,;H^ Mass. 



Chicaoo. Tlt.. 



I^A r.> 



IKK, AFas.s. 



GOES WRENCH COMPANY, 



MANUFACTURERS OF 




PATENT SCREW 

WRENCHES. 



WORCESTER. MASS. 



I WORCESTER 
f MACHINE 
,1 SCREW CO., 




EsTAHLISUtlJ iSjo. 



I 

^ Manufacturers of 

I 

J IN IRON, STEEL AND BRASS. 

pTUDS FOR STEAM ENGINES J 
PUMPS, ETC 



SET, CAP AND MACHINE S 

SCREWS 



LORJNG GOES 
& COMPANY. 



(Incokporated.) 



Machine Knives, 

Difficult Hardening 
and Tempering 
a Specia]t\-. 



^ 



5 Worcester, Mass. ? 
s § 



Works : 
Coi". Cofs :ind Mill St.s. 



Box 12 

Station B. 



WORCESTER. MASS., U. S. A. 




THE WORCESTER :^IAGAZ1XE. 



85 




^eyiifoodiBciot ScShoe Co. 



Maruifcntiircrs of McrP s Fine 
Shoes for Domestic and Ex- 
port Trade 



For thirty-six YEARS 

The Name '' HETWOOD'' on a Boot 
or Shoe has been a Guarantee of ^^ality. 



Our Retail Store, 



436 Main Street, 



Worcester, Mass. 



STEPHHN C. HARLE. 



CLELLAN W. FISHER. 



EARLE & FISHER, 

ARCHITECTS, 
WORCESTER, MASS. 



OFFICES: 
ROOM 718, STATE MUTUAL BUILDING. 

Duncan ^ Goodell £0., 

WHOLESALERS 
AND RETAILERS IN 

Hardware and Cutlery. 

We have the finest line of Tabic and I'ockct Cutlery, 
also highest gratle of Scissors, including all kinds from 
1-iiu'st >Ianicure Scissors to Tailors' Shears, to be seen in 
Worcester. 

We make a specialty of Builders' Hardware and Sup- 
plies, and carry in stock a large line of best (luality door 
and window trimmings, 

404 Main Street, Cor. Pearl. 



S inclair $ Du quet, ^. 
... Heating, 

Richmond Boilers. Pease Economy 
Combination Heaters. The Electric 
Heat Regulator. High-Pressure and 
Mill Pipi ng. ^ jt jX ^ j» 

36 Pearl St., Worcester. 

H. M. WAITE, 



(5^:^>fj!K^^r"'^^^5>=i> 



General ^ 
Hardware, 



No. 180 Front Street, Worcester. 



86 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



Matthews 

Manufacturing 

Company, 

JV\ ANUFACTURERS OF ... . 



<l> 



A 



STOVE TRIMMINGS, 
BICYCLE FITTINGS, 



/»s 



Steam=Pipe Collars, 

Ferrules and 

Sheet Metal Specialties. 



104 GOLD STREET, 

a Worcester, Mass. 

A. T. MATTHEWS, M;inajjer. 



a 



Queen of Sea 
Routes. 



To Old Point, Richmond, Washington, 
Norfolk and Baltimore 



Merchants & Miners 
Transportation Co. 

steamship Lines from 
Boston and Providence. 



I Accommodations and Cuisine Unsurpassed. 
Steamers New, Fast and Elegant. 

Send for Illustrated Booklet and Particulars. 



W. P. TURNER, G. P. A. 

J. C. WHITNEY, T. M. 

A. D. STEBBINS, A. T. M. 

General Offices, Baltimore, md. 



WM. H. EDDY CO. 





E. II. INGRAM. 

J. J. WEHINGER. 

SI Exchange St. 
Worcester, Mass, 



We make a specialty of 

Turret Chucking Lathes. 

Sizes 22 in. to 60 in. Inclusive. Also 
Plain Gear Cutters. Shaft-Straightening 
Machines and Special Machinery. ^ J* 



ft^ etropo litan Storage 
^1 & Loan Company, 






storage for Furniture, Pianos, Works of 
Art, Bric-a-Brac, Merchandise, Carriages 
and other vehicles. 300 separate rooms, 
light, clean and dry. Goods packed and 
shipped with care. The Best Storage for 
the Least Monev in the citv 



JOHN W. KNIBBS, Proprietor. 



Central Board, Livery 
. . . and Feed Stable. 

Storage Warerooms, 6 Barton Place, 



Manufacturer of and Agent for Common- 
Sense Rubber Tires, the Cheapest and Best 
Tire in the market for light carriages. -J* Ji 

From Main St. opp. City Hall. 



TELEPHONES : STORAGE, 87-4; STABLES, 843-3. 



T H K W O R C R S 1M-: R M . \ ( i . \ / I X f • 



87 



Founded 1888. Incorporated. 







merican 



R^eal Estate 
Company. 



New E-ngland Offices; 



626-627 State Mutual Building. 



TELEPHONE 624 = 2. 



ASSETS, 

Capital, $100,000. 



$3,052,823.82, 

Surplus, $626,063.72. 



The American Real Estate Company offer a limited amount of six per cent 
Coupon Certificates, interest payable semi-annually through the Chemical National 
Bank, New York City. 

The security is absolute. Principal and interest are guaranteed by real estate 
situated in the heart of New York City. 

The certificates are sold in denominations from $100 to $5000. These cer 
tificates run for a period of ten years, with the privilege of calling them in after 
five years. 



Further information can be obtained at our office 
or by correspondence. 



Benj. Winfield Carlow, Archibald McCiillagh. 

GE.NE.RAL MANAGEP.S. 

General (>nirt><; : Dun RuiMinc:. ::oo Broadwav, New York Citv. 



88 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



The T. H. Baekley Luneh Wagon 



Estalilished 1SS9. 

Incorporated 1S97. 

Telephone 6S0. 



Night Liiiu'li Wattoiis of Every 
Destription FOR SALE or TO 
LET 



■IVIanafaetaFing & Gatering Go. 



Patentees, Designers and Sole IVIanufaetufefs of 

** W fjite House Cafe** MT Lunch wagons. The Best Made. Also Builders and Opcr 

(Tride M trk ) "^ ators of the "White House" (^lick Lunch Cafes. . . . 

Office and Factory : Rear 281 Grafton Street, Worcester, Mass. 




Envelope Company 



Manufacturers of All Kinds 
.^ .jt ^ and Sizes of 

^ F nvelopes, 



* 



Citbograpbcd, Printed 
or Plain. 

Metal Clasp Mail- 
ing Envelopes^ «^ 
Papetefies^ ,^ ^ 
Paper Boxes. ^ ^ 



^ 



Our Envelopes are Standard Grades 
^ v*< ^ and Standard Weights. 



75 School Street, 



Worcester. 




HILL'S FAMOUS CLOTHES DRYERS. 

Sold by the Hardware Trade throughout the 
world. Send for Catalogue 

Hill Dryer Co., Worcester. Mass. 



flew Vorli: Cor. Spring and Uloostcr Sts. 

Boston : 52 Ulasblngton Street. 



Wm. H. Burns 
... Company. 



Chicago: 3i4 medinah temple. 

Philadelphia : 424 thompson Street. 




]\/[ anufacturers of .... \ ) 

RCbe 
oyal muslin 

Undergarments 

^^ FOR WOMEN AND 
"^^V CHILDREN. ^ S 



T 1 1 E W ORG K S T E R M A ( i A Z I X 1-: . 



89 



Baker Box Co. 



I 



Box ^ 
Shocks. 



SAWDUST BY 
.... CARLOAD. 

"BaKer'sWood Burns" 
The Best Kindling. 



82 Foster Street, 

WORCESTER. 




Worcester 
rili 



ni> 



rinders. 

10 l.';mctiC3. 

%\ '''■ The Washburn Shops, ^1;^^^ 

WORCESTER, MASS. 

MACHINISTS, PATTERNMAKERS, 
BRASS AND IRON FOUNDERS 

manufacturers of Ciflht machine Cools & Brindina machinery. 

UNION WATER METER CO. 



I. I'. K. OTIS, 

Pres. and Manager. 

i:i)\\. R KING, 

Treas. and Siipt. 




Water 
Meters. 



WORCESTER, 
MASS. 




Die Maying and Special Stampings. 



McGloud, Crane & Minter Co. 

MILLED MACHINE SCREWS. 




Finished Casj-Hardcneci Nuts, v** 
Semi-Finished Hexagon Nuts, Etc. 

•U. S. St.<^^^.^l^ jfimsb. WORCESTER, MASS. 




Transient Work 

al Miiirl N«lirf, 



46 Exchange Street 

Kainlly Wastiinc » S|i»Tially. Tflephone 10:!3-."i 



90 THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 

I EUGENE FIELD | 



V/O 



Attributes these verses 

in "Sharps and Flats," to Mr. 



I 

I W. D. HOWELLS, I 

r^ Alleging that they were published 

("O! ... in 1858, in the Ohio Farmer. 

<^ rJrv 

j^ Wasn't a-feelin' none too peart, speerits was kind er droopin' ; T^l 

f^. Reckin a pint er tansy gin 'u'd er fetched me round a-\vhoopin'; (V 

rl-J But Lizzie allowed when folks were sick along in the spring, they'd orter C~ 

'■^i Doctor their livers with that 'ere stuff 'at folks calls mineral water. 0'> 

i 
I 

i STAR SPRING WATER f 

(2) i 

</^ Is not exactly this kind of mineral water, but it is iyf 

^ the Best Table Water that can be bought, and t^ 

rC< it does Cure Dyspepsia, Indigestion and Many ^^ 

'■^5 Diseases of the Stomach and the Bowels 



Harnsome liquor as ever flowed, an' clear as Miamy river. 
But stronger 'n a yoke er speckled steers when it tackles a fell'r's liver 
Took one swig ou't — thers f'r fun — then for a day 'nd a quarter 
Didn't do much but loaf around tendin' that mineral water. 



§5 



5^ 

'■?) 

\ ou ought to find Saratoga Star Spring Water K^ 

at any really high-class family-supply store, but ).jv, 

if it is not kept where you trade, write for it 2*^ 

to the proprietors and bottlers, the .... '^ 

SARATOGA STAR SPRING WATER COMPANY, gp 

.Saratoga Springs, N. Y. c?> 






THE W O k C E S T i: k MA C, A Z I X 1 ■: . i> 1 



O. W. NORCROSS. 4 if ^ 



NORCROSS BROTHERS, 

GENERAL 
I CONTRACTORS. 

# T, # NEW YORK, BOSTON, WORCESTER, 



^ ..* PROVIDENCE, CLEVELAND. 



IRew Enolanb Stiuctuval (Ioiitpan\>, 

DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS 

STEEL BUILDINGS AND BRIDGES. 

Architectural Ironwork. Ornamental Bronzework. 

Office and Works, Second Street, Everett, Mass, 
Boston Office, 18 Post Office Sq., Boston. 



O. W. NORCROSS. PRES. ALBERT J. PARK, TREAS. 

Brownvillc /l^ainc Slate Co. 

manufacturers of Unfading Black Roofing Slate. 



Strongest, Toughest, Brightest, Most Durable Slate in the "World. 

Worcester Slate Fasteners, for Iron Roofs. Snow-Guards. 

Office. WORCESTER, MASS. Jt. .•* Old Crocker Quarries. Brownville. Maine. 

TELEPHONE 541. 






Blandford Brick 
& Tile Company, 



M 



ANUFACTURERS OF 



g_ AI.KKIM' .1. I'VKK. Trcasur.r. 

D 
o 

r> 

R WOIMKSTKK. MASS. ^"^ Brick. Fire Tile, Cupola Blocks ^ ^ 

U '.'* -•* and Fire-Clay Mortar. '^^ r| 

P Ktrtory. KISSKLL. MASS. ... ^ 

D ... On HONton \ Ubanj K. I{. «OB(ESTKK TELEPHOK. >o. .,41. M 



Plain and Ornamental Building ^ 
and Fire-Place Brick, in White, ^ 
White -Mottled, Gray, Buff, a 
Buff-Mottled, Glazed, Etc., also c? 




HON. GEORGE FRISBIE HOAR. 



The Worcester Magazine. 



Vol.. 



FEBRUARY, 1901. 



.\( 



''The Substance of Things Hoped For." 



rill-'. jamiar\ imiiihcr of this maga- 
zine published a number of signifi- 
cant letters from Worcester citizens upon 
the general question of the greatest need 
of the city, (^ne letter was left over, 
which it seems desirable to give here, in- 
asmuch as it serves for a text for a few 
l)ertinent remarks : 

I emphatically say that I consider one of the 
most pressing needs of the city of Worcester to 
be a first-class hotel, suitable for a city of the 
size of Worcester. To be sure, there are many 
other things that are needed for the further 
development of the city, but if you heard the 
comments of the traveling public as I do, you 
would consider the matter of a new hotel ot 
about as much importance as anything con- 
nected with the citv. 

Se\-eral of tin- liilcr- ])u])lislu'<l last 
month ])Ul >lrc>s u])on llic same suhject, 
and it is uppermost in the minds ot many 
citizens. It is a most serious reproach 
to W^orcester tliat il has not a llrst-class 
hotel, and the reproach rxtcnds over the 
whole countr\'. il is imi)ossil)le to hope 
for appreciation and a good re])utalion 
for the city until this rcpro;ich is re- 
moved. Win ]■> it that Worcester has 
no good hotel for ihi' cit_\ s guests? Xo 
good citizen can be re(|uired to answer 
this ipier\ witliout lianging his head in 
shame. There is no answer, excejit an 
admission that there is not sufficient 
public spirit manifested by Worcester 



capitalists. There are available sites, 
there are capable men ready to assume 
a lease ui)on advantageous terms, there 
is a good prospect of reasonaI)le interest 
on the investment, since good financiers 
reckon that certainlx 5 per cent, can be 
gitaranteed. Win . then, is there not an 
adequate hotel in innnediate prospect? 

None of the letters referred to explicit- 
ly stated the greatest need of Worcester, 
whicli is a public spirit that acts. There 
is plenty of conception of what the city 
needs, but the ])re\-alent disjjosition is to 
linu't formative energy to talk. It is well 
to realize the need, biu that builds no 
hotels, locates no new industries, paves 
no streets. ( 'ne man of action is worth 
more to the city than a platoon of ora- 
tors or a regiment of writers. \\'hai 
Worcester needs more than anything 
else, just at this stage of her develop- 
ment, is action, concrete action. The 
cit\ has grown, has waxed rich, is high 
in the scale of excellence in all ways. 
I'.ut there is a htiL Will it continue to 
grow, wiliioul tile fertilizing power of 
something beside talk — an academic 
consideration i>f itself — and the poten- 
tial forces that are expected to sponta- 
neouslv ojierate? Why should Worces- 
ter hope for nnich in the way of great- 
ness that its citizens ilo not consciously 



96 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



labor for? We are an inland city, with- 
out contributary territory that is devel- 
oping much. There are no special at- 
tractions for great industries here, such 
as great water-powers, nearbv coal- 
fields and mines of iron ore. It seems 
reasonably clear that whatever W^orces- 
ter hopes for. her citizens must labor for; 
and the labor must be directed toward 
theaccomplishment of specific ends; and 
those ends must be fundamental, 'SUch 
as the direct working for new industries. 
The city must have more manufactur- 
ing, and more and more manufacturing. 
That is the root of the matter, so far as 
growth is concerned, \\dioever flatters 
himself that Worcester is destined to be 
a great city — greater, that is, than the 
natural growth of the country tends to 
make it — must determine to bring new 
industries in, and kee]:) and nurture those 
already here, if he hopes to realize his 
hopes. 

This proposition is true also of New 
England at large — truer, ])erhaps. of 
these six old states than of this one city. 
New England has nut had its fair pro- 
])ortion of the great prosperity that has 
drenched the country for several vears. 
Our people have wonderetl at this, in a 
dazed and resentful way, but there is no 
deep riddle to solve. New England has 
been content to sit and hold her apron, 
hoping that some strange providence 
would toss prosperity into her lap. No 
such miracle has happened, nor will 
happen. Whatever may be said in defi- 
nition of the times, it is surely a fact 
that nothing comes to him who goeth 
not forth to hustle. New England is 
not aggressive enough. The people labor, 
but too much with their hands in pro- 
portion. If the anxious New England- 
ers, who grieve to note that their be- 
loved home is being distanced in the in- 
dustrial race, could understand and 
adopt the methods that have made the 
middle West rich and great, they might 



rightfully hope for that prosperity they 
pray for. When the great exi)osition 
hall was l)uilt in Kansas City, every per- 
son, almost, in the city helped; the very 
children hawked dollar-share certificates 
on the streets. If such a spirit could be 
aroused in New England! If such a 
spirit were evident in \\'orcester, how 
long would the project for a new hotel 
lag? 

THERE are some interesting letters 
from New England mavors in this 
issue. They all speak for themselves, in 
plain terms. That from Mayor Hart, of 
Boston, is worthy of special attention. 
There is no doubt that state interference 
with cities has progressed as far. in Mas- 
sachusetts, as the people think desirable 
— much further than many people ap- 
prove of. It is time to call a halt, if 
it is not time to demand that some of 
the state bonds be loosened. It is diffi- 
cult to understand the justification for the 
state's assumption of authority over cities 
in many matters, such as the expendi- 
ture of money for municipal improve- 
ments, for example. When one stops to 
think, it is realized that Massachusetts 
is becoming socialistic to a degree its 
staid citizens do not full}- realize. Not 
only does the state regulate many activ- 
ities in a strictly socialistic manner, but 
it has launched itself into great schemes 
in an independent fashion that can 
scarcely be described except as socialist- 
ic, as the Metropolitan water enterprise, 
the building of state highways, etc. The 
itching to interfere with cities is born 
of the same socialistic spirit, and we are 
pleased that Mayor Hart has taken the 
decided stand he has with reference to it. 

In (|uite a different vein is the letter 
from another mayor, which should at- 
tract serious attention. The mayor of 
Belfast, Maine, opens a most pregnant 
field for consideration when he suggests 



Till': WUk LESTER M A ( . A Z I X IC. 



97 



that cities ciidcaxor to make life mi the 
taniis more tolerahle, in (irder to imhice 
young" men to remain on them. I [ere, 
indeed, is a very great opportiuiit}' for 
useful enlightenment, which this maga- 
zine hopes to carefull}- consider in an 
early issue. It is almost an axiom that 
farmers are not aware of the wealth that 
awaits them in their land. But condi- 
tions of life on farms are likely to be 
ri-volutionized during this first decade 
of the twentit-th centur\-. to the end that 
the farmer will be transformed into a 
business man. much of the drudgerv of 
his life remoxed <ir mitigated, and a fu- 
ture opened to him such as he could not 
have even dreamed of until within a very 
few years since — almost, we might say, a 
tew months since. When Xew b'ngland 
enterprise resolutely turns to the laml 
as a source of wealth, to farming as a 
btisiness, rather than for a mere livelihood, 
then there will be hope for the young 
men without sending them to the cities. 
There is a great lesson to be learned 
in this direction, and it is. as the mayor 
of Belfast conceives, one that is of im- 
portance to cities in a special sense. The 
March magazine will have an illuminat- 
ing article u])on this topic. 



W( )RCESTER is justly very proud 
of her most eminent citizen, the 
senior senator for Massachusetts in Con- 
gress, and deei)ly gratified with the ap- 
])reciation of his character and services 
that has been expressed, in the ])ress and 
from the rostrum, since his recent re- 
election, (ieorge V. Hoar is a remark- 
al)le survival of a type of pul)lic man 
that seems destined to disappear from 
the countr\-. He is one of the very few 
men now in public life who are righteous- 
Iv entitled to be called statesmen. It is 
not for us to eulogize him here, or even 
attempt the most concise estimate of iiis 
worth to the countrw Worcester loves 



him as it is the ha]jpiness of no other 
])ul)lic man to be loved by his home citw 
and is ever anxious to do him hon<jr. 
While not a native of Worcester, Sena- 
tor Hoar is as truly her son as anv 
man claiming her ior his birthplace. The 
very essence of the spirit of Worcester 
has ever found expression in the life of 
George E. Hoar, and his life is typified 
in the traits and tendencies of the city. 

.\nothcr great citizen of A\'orcester 
was Charles Devcns, eminent as a judge 
and as a soldier and as a citizen ; hon- 
ored by the state and the nation. When 
the movement to erect a statue of him 
on the Court-house esplanade is ready 
for the co-operation of the citizens, it 
should not re(|uire nuich time to secure 
the necessary funds. Mr. J. Evarts 
(ireene's admirable article in the Janu- 
ary magazine clearly indicated the rea- 
sons for expecting a prompt and gener- 
ous perfecting of the ])lans of the com- 
mittee. In addition to the honoring of 
the citv Ijy honoring the memory of 
General Devens in the luanner proposed, 
there is a certain other public interest lo 
be subserved. It is the beautifying of 
the citv with works of art that tend to 
stimulate sentiments elevating to urban 
life. We in America have considered 
this matter of the externals of cities, in 
an esthetic sense, far too little. We (U> 
not proi)erly appreciate the extent of the 
influence of architecture, landscape, ar- 
tistic form.s and ensembles, upon ]irivate 
character and civic life. The plans of 
the gentlemen who are working for the 
Devens statue. if consunuiiated, will give 
Worcester a notable eciuestrian statue. 



M 



A^'^' citizens of Worcester will be 
surprised when the\' read the in- 
teresting article by Dr. I'ldridge Mix, in 
this numl)er, to learn that fully two- 
thirds of the population of this city is n\ 



98 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



alien birth or parentage. It is a star- 
tling assertion, but undoubtedly true. 
When the 1890 census was taken it 
showed about one-third of the then pop- 
ulation was foreign-born. The figures 
were 26,763 foreign-born to 57,952 na- 
tive-born. The census reports at hand 
do not show the nuniljer born of foreign 
parentage. It may fairly be inferred, 
from these figures, and from those given 
by Dr. Alix, that Worcester is gaining 
more from foreign than from native 
stock, limiting the distinction to two 
generations. If the inquiry w^ere to be 
l)ushed two or three generations further 
back, the attenuation of the old New Eng- 
land stock, or even the American stock, 
would be found to be so much greater 
as to cause wonder at the distinctive 
American character the city now enjoys. 
And this is the ])()int we wish to cnijdia- 
size — that whatever the nativity of our 
people may be, they become good Amer- 
icans here, or, if the distinction be in- 
sisted upon, they become good New 
Englanders. The character of Worces- 
ter was fixed in its infancy, and all the 
new blood that comes to it is tinctured 
with the distinctive quality of the old. It 
is this fact that causes surprise when 
Dr. Mix's figures are read, that such a 
flood of foreign blood seems not to have 
changed the complexion, the tempera- 
ment, nor the habits of the city. He who 
left Worcester a generation ago may 
find it the same to-day as when he knew 
it, in all essentials. Even great and rapid 
growth has not changed it. It is a city 
rigidly "sot" in its ways. He who comes 
to it, American, English, Irish, Jew, 
Pole, Russian, French, German, Turk, 
Armenian, Swede, Italian, Greek, Span- 
iard, or of whatever race, becomes a 
Worcesterite. Probablv no other con- 



siderable cit}' in the whole country has 
this characteristic so emphatically dem- 
onstrated. 

Whether or not this rigidity of char- 
acter and temperament is a trait to de- 
plore or rejoice in, is a question for cau- 
sists. The city has flourished, in its own 
peculiar way. It has waxed large, if not 
great. It has a certain Inicolic distinc- 
tion, and such as have become acquaint- 
ed with it lionor and admire it: man\- 
love it. There are always citizens in all 
cities who regret and resist smartness 
and that progress which means disturb- 
ance to tradition and lirecedent. There 
are plenty of them in Worcester, and 
they will feel faint when they read Dr. 
Mix's facts. What, they will ask, will be 
the ultimate result of this influx of peo- 
])!e not ])()rn in Worcester? And that is 
actually the logical query. How long 
will the traditional Worcester spirit 
maintain itself with this great majority, 
who onlv recognize its force throug-h as- 
sociation? Will it not be broken through, 
broken down, after a while ; and if so. 
what then? Only a few weeks ago a 
pastor of one of the churches of the for- 
eign-born asserted that Worcester would 
have a h^rench mayor within a certain 
period, and the remark was received 
with tumultuous applause. Is it not 
evident that the Worcester of tradition 
can onlv be maintained for Ions: throueh 
the adoption of a policy, of government 
and of growth, that shall give this ener- 
getic foreign population plenty of room 
and plenty of scope? There must be no 
"settling back into the breeching" by the 
ancestral Worcester people ; no cherish- 
ing of a belief that they are destined to 
forever furnish the motives for civic life 
in this citv. 



Our Brethren from Other Lands. 



Bv Rkv. Ei.dridge Mix, I). I). 




ORCESI'KR t<)-<lay is a cos- 
nn)p()litan city. ( )rii;'inally, 
it was qiiilr llu' reverse. 
'I"lu)se()f ril^-rini and rurilan 
stock, and tlie\- cliieBy of 
rural birth and training', were 
its tirst inhabitants. lUit the 
intrcxhiction ol so many and 
varied in(histries in these 
later years lias attracted to it 
people from nearlv every civilized nation 
on the face of the earth. 

The twelfth I'nited States censtis will 
doubtless show, as did the eleventh, over 
f(^rt\- nationalities represented here. ( )nl\- 
a few ])eopIe belong' to some of these, 
but eig^hteen or twenty of them are nu- 
meronsK' represented. It is (piite within 
bounds of accurac\- to sa_\' that about 
80,000 of our jjresent ])opulation are of 
alien birth or parentai^e. 

Thotiqii our Irish friends have been 
with us so IcMii;" that they seem a i)art 
of us, as do the Enq'lish and Scotch, \et 
they tofT'ether are what ( ireat IJritain has 
contributed to us. and tlii'\- are 45.000 in 
number. I'Voni over our mirlln'ru bor- 
der have come in recent \ears those 
of l-'rench extraction, to the munber of 
16,000. The Scandinavians, consisting' 
of the Swedes, l)anes and Xorwegians. 
are full\- 12,000. l)ri\en from their far 
northern home bv Russian domination, 
more' than T ,000 I'inns have lately come 
to find a home with us. Hebrews, man\' 
of them ruthlessly ejected by the same 
nation, and stripped of their all. muuber- 
in^- at least J. 500. ha\'e soui^hl Worces- 
ter as a "city of refui^e."" Poland. .\us- 
tria and I'ohemia have each contributed 
their (piota — the former several hundred. 

L.ofC. 



People of Oriental countries, whose ori- 
s>-in is in the far-away past, and whose 
histor\- fades into the realm of nuth anrl 
le_q;end when you attempt to trace it t(j 
its sources, are here in growing numbers. 
A thousand Armenians, for example, 
among whom at ])resent there are 200 
families, forced bv Turkish barbarities 
to llee from their native land, and in 
some instances escaping by only a hair's 
breadth a horrible death, have found a 
place of safet}- with us. Syrians also, 
from the base of Mount Lebanon, and 
from the region around Damascus and 
lerusalem, opi)ressed 1)\ the same tyran- 
nous rule, are here with their families, 
numbering in all about 400. There are 
500 and over from sunny Italy, and i.ooo 
from the * ierman I'atherland. Here and 
there von meet a ( ireek, a Turk, an i\gyp- 
tian : now and then, also, those from the 
South American republics, from the .\us- 
tralian I'ederation, and from the Pacific 
isles, l-rom 100 to 200 Chinese are al- 
wavs to be found along our principal 
thoroughfares, engaged in the laundry 
business. Xot unfrequently a Japanese 
a])])ears among us for a brief stay. 1 he 
great majority of these people have come 
to us within the last three decades. 

The idea is more or less prevalent 
among the unihinking and non-observ- 
ant, growing perhaps out of the state- 
ments so often repeated in the press of 
late, that the effete nations of the < Mil 
World are dumping their refuse peoples 
u])ou oiu- shores; that those who come 
from abroad nmst necessarily belong 
to the pauper and criminal classes to a 
great extent, and therefore will soon find 
their wav to our I'aiU. reformatories and 



100 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



almshouses, to be supported at ])ul)lic 
expense. But this is In- no means true 
of those coming to us. whatever may be 
the fact in other and larger cities. None 
of them on their tirst arrival, and some 
of them never after, are found either 
asking', or willing to receive, charity in 
any form, though it must be confessed 
that the longer they stay here our Amer- 
ican vices somehow make sad inroads 
among others, resulting in more or less 
of beggar\- and criminality. As a rule, 
thev come to earn their living by honest 
labor, and to enjoy the freedom and in- 
dependence of so doing. 

Family life on the part of the majority 
of the representatives of these dififerent 
nationalities, even though aiuid the 
meanest surroundings, and greatest dis- 
comforts, is of a high order. Tt is made 
manifest in the love of husband and wife 
for each other, and for their offspring : 
in the reverence and obedience of chil- 
dren to parents ; and in the respect and 
honor paid by the young to their elders 
and su])eriors. This is especially notice- 
able in those from Oriental countries, 
and those also from northern Europe. 
In all the essentials that go to make u]) 
the true home they will compare very 
favorably with ourselves, though in ex- 
ternals of comfort and refinement these 
homes are not to be mentioned l)y the 
side of ours, in man\- instances. The 
marriage relation is very sacred with 
them. Divorce, so common with us, is 
almost unknown am;)ng them. 

Industrially the great majorit\- of our 
alien population, who are in the main 
wage-earners, are quite above the aver- 
age of those living in other cities of our 
commonwealth, or even in New Eng- 
land as a whole. ( )ur industries are of 
such a nature as to attract, and furnish 
with remunerative employment skilled 
labor. The manufacture of machincr\- 
and of other higher grade ])roducts in 
such ijreat variet\- is verv dififerent in its 



recjuircments of hand and brain from the 
weaving of cotton and wool, or the mak- 
ing of boots and shoes. 

They are rapidlv becoming owners of 
real estate and other taxable property, 
bv the i)roceeds of their labor, so as to 
contribute cjuite largely in the aggregate 
to the revenues of the city. They save 
where we spend. 1d]e\- thrive on what 
we waste. If they would only let all in- 
toxicants alone, they would greatly pros- 
])er. 

Worcester is therefore extremely for- 
tunate in the makeup of its industrial 
population, though it is so largely of for- 
eign extraction. The men are not only 
skilled artisans, but self-res])ecting, law- 
abiding, of contented mind, courteous in 
demeanor, kindl}- disposed toward each 
other, and appreciative of kindness and 
consideration shown them by those 
whom the\- serve. Thev do their own 
thinking, and act accordinglv. Thev are 
not easily led against their own will and 
better judgment. They have little use 
for so-called labor leaders and "walking- 
delegates." 

Though the older of them are too late 
in life to reap any great benefit from the 
educational advantages which this good- 
1\- city so alnmdantly and freely ofifers to 
all alike, they are eager to have their 
children share to the full with ours in 
what is thus afforded. Their bovs and 
girls are no less eager than their parents 
are in their behalf for learning and the 
culture and refinement which coiue witii 
it. Thev are ever\- where reckoned by 
their teachers in the public schools as 
among the brightest scholars. They 
more often than otherwise carry ofif the 
prizes offered for scholarship and ora- 
tory. 

In general, they are religiousK- in- 
clined. Nominalh-. they are all meml)ers 
of churches in countries fron-i which the}- 
have come. For church and state are 
not separated there as here. Hence the 



T] 



\\()kci:s'ri-:R macazixe 



101 



necessity of church nu'iiihcr.shi]) in order 
to enjoy civil rights and privileg'es. But 
cliurch ohhoations seem to sit Hij^htlv 
upiin \er\- nian\- i if thc-ni. es])ecially here, 
wliere th(.'\ are not conipulsorw \'et the 
early disci])line and trainiuf^^ of the 
church and home combined have predis- 
l)osed them toward the relig'ious life, so 
that thev do not easily break away from 
tile church of their fathers, and if they 
do they are more readiK persuaded to 
eiUer the doors of our churches, if they 
are cortlially welcomed. 

( )n the whole, therefore, these our 
brethren from other lands, now dwelling' 
in tlu' midst of us, es])eciall_\- those of the 
rising generatitjii. are the best of mate- 
rial for city-building that we could pos- 
sibly have. They are among the more re- 
spectable. if not themost cultured, of their 
resi)ective mother countries. Thex have 
come to us not for gain merely, neither 
for the betterment of their outward con- 
dition alone, but from love of liberty, and 
their consecpient desire to obtain, not so 
much for themselves as for their chil- 
dren, the benefits and blessings of our 
free institutions. 'Jdiey easily learn to love 
this country of their adoption, to glory 
in its flag, and to fight its battles. Though 
their hearts cling to their fatherland still, 
and the memories of what the\ have left 
behind are very ])recious. the\- are here 
to stay, and are content to live and die 
on our soil, and to be buried in freedom's 
hallowed ground. 

The problems they iiresent foi" our st^ 
lution — or rather for our help in their 
solution of them, we might better say 
])erhai)s — are ])rincipally those arising 
from such wide differences as obtain 
among them, of race, of language, of 
habits and customs, of ideals of living, 
and of i)olitical theory and ])ractice. 
riie\- must i)erforce, because of these di- 
versities, live apart irom each other and 
from us, at the first. Mow can it be 
otherwise when thev have so little in 



common with each other, or with us? 
They are shut up to those of their own 
nationality. They can not help being- 
what we call clannish. Xor is it easv 
for them to break down the barriers that 
hold them apart afterward. These tend 
to become fi.ved. if they are left tcj them- 
selves. 

Our public scIkjoIs are doing a great 
work in the way of solving the pn^blems 
thus arising. Ilut even they, forceful as 
the\ are, can not altogether obliterate 
the distinctions and divisions which ex- 
ist, and tend to permanency. These must 
and will al)ide in great force, so long as 
they continue so widely separated from 
one another and from us, in colonics, 
homes and social life. They are depend- 
ent upon us, who are to the manor born, 
for friendly offices in this matter of so 
much importance to them, and scarcely 
less moment to us. 

We owe them a great deal more than 
wages for work. That makes machines 
rather than men. We owe them friend- 
ship, which shall express itself in help- 
ful ways of every kind that will result in 
promoting their well-being. They are 
our brothers, and we must brother them 
into the feeling and i)ractice of brother- 
hood, l)oth among themselves and with 
us. riiex have come to make a home 
for themselves in this our city, and we 
should make them feel at home. They 
are already citizens in name, very many 
ni them, and we should do the utm<»st 
to make them such in very (WcA. 

In what ways and by what means we 
mav render them such aid as they re- 
(piire. in order that they mav be sharers 
to the full with us in all that our goodly 
city offers, time and space forbid our de- 
scribing in this i)aper. Ilnougii for the 
present, if attention has been sufficiently 
focused upon these our brethren from 
other lands, to jjrejiare the way for a due 
consideration of their claims upon us. 



The Most Vital Problems of New England 

Cities. 




BOUT fifty mayors of New England cities were asked to tell the 
Worcester Magazine what they consider the most vital problem 
confronting New England cities at the present time. The replies 
received, published below, indicate a variety of opinion, as might 
be expected. What Mayor Hart of Boston has to say about home 
rule for cities, is of special interest and value. We elsewhere allude 
to these letters, that from the mayor of Belfast, Maine, in partic- 
ular. 



Mayor Tliomas N . Hart, Boston, Mass. 

The vital problem facing New Eng- 
land cities is the restoration of home 
rule. All our cites should work under 
the same general law, we should do 
away with all special legislation, and 
very likely all municipal corporations, 
meaning all our cities and towns, should 
act under the same general law as to lo- 
cal power, tax and debt limits, and mu- 
nicipal duties and rights. Where the 
state undertakes municipal work, as to 
health, police, public works or educa- 
tion, the state should bear the expense : 
state matters for the state at state ex- 
pense ; local matters for local govern- 
ments at local expense. The state might 
own and control everything connected 
with the administration of justice, such 
as police courts, jails, etc., the state pay- 
ing the cost. When we destroy local 
home rule, w^e destroy the primary school 
of political education and virtue. 

Mavor U\ JV. Frciicli, Gloucester, Mass. 

The most vital problem confronting 
New England cities is to determine how 
to meet the running expenses of the 
cities with the amount allowed to be as- 
sessed for such purposes. If this can 
be done, it will require the most econom- 
ical management, and will call for the 
services of the ablest and most success- 
ful business men ; who, in general, have 
been for some time, and are now, un- 
willing to serve in the city councils. Our 
cities have reached the point where it is 



absolutely necessary that private busi- 
ness principles and rules should prevail. 
Business men and large tax-payers must 
lay aside apathy and take more interest 
in and give more time to municipal af- 
fairs. 

Mayor William Sheplicrd, Lynn, Mass. 

.\11 communities are not conditioned 
alike. The most important problem in 
one city may be how to obtain an ample 
supply of pure water for public use. In 
others, it may be how to secure perfect 
drainage, or the best method of sewage 
disposal, and so on. Most, if not all,, 
desirable improvements can be obtained 
if the question of cost is not a considera- 
tion. Approj^riate money enough, and 
engineering skill will do the rest. Mu- 
nicipal ownership of public utilities is an 
important subject for careful considera- 
tion. To my mind, however, the most 
vital problem confronting our cities to- 
day is how to meet the increasing de- 
mands for public service and improve- 
ment without piling "P a large municipal 
(lel)t, requiring large a])propriations for 
interest account and sinking funds^ 
thereby making the tax rate an almost 
unbearable burden. 

]\fayor Robert Roberts, Burlington, J't. 

The most vital problems for all cities 
are: First, an abundant supply of pure 
water; second, a sanitary and economi- 
cal disposition of sewage ; third, the elec- 
tion of honest, ])ublic-s]Mrited and com- 



THE WORCESTER AlAi.AZlXE. 



lO.'i 



pctrnt iiu'ii ti) till' iiuiniripal offices. 
These i)r()l)k'ins suhed. all other s^ood 
thino^s follow naturally. 

Mayor F. I\ Carrctlsoii. Xcwport. R. I . 

Taking the question in a hroad man- 
ner, it seems to me that tlu' most vital 
prohk'm eonfrontinj; .W w l-jij^iand 
cities, in fact all cities, is the (luestion 
of municipal government, for on that 
basis rests tlie ])roper develo]Miient of in- 
dustries. Thv' ]ieople should be educated 
to think less ot parties, and more of the 
ciiaracter and al)ility of the men pre- 
sented as canflidatcs. Xo matter what 
the ])olitical complexion of a man is. un- 
less he is tainted with high principles, 
integritx' and lienor, his work is apt to 
be in vain. "N'oung men, therefore, en- 
tering ijublic life shoukl ctjusider solely 
such interests as their consciences ap- 
prove of, and not be led by ])artv issue 
at the exDcnse of good government. 

Mayor John I). Spi'Ihnaii, Rutland, I 7. 

The most vital problem, in luv opinion, 
confronting Xcw England cities to-da\- 
is, how can we elect honest citizens to 
public office? In other w'ords, how can 
we call the better elements rather than 
the more vicious into ])ul)lic lite? The 
lives, properly and hai)piness of the peo- 
ple, so far as the same may be involved 
in every consideration of numicipal man- 
agement, re^st securely when citizens of 
sterling honesty and untlinching firm- 
ness are in control. Thereby everything 
l)ertaining to the material welfare of the 
])i'o])le is at once safeguarded and pro- 
tected. 

Mayor .irtlvtr />. Chapin. Ilolyokc. Mass. 
The indifference of the so-called better 
class of citizens to munici])al affairs is 
the cause of much of the unbusinesslike 
methods which appear in our city gov- 
ernments to-day. \'ery few peo])le ac- 
i|uaint themselves with the business of 
a city, and do not investigate the finan- 
cial rei)orts as a stockholder of a corpor- 
ation sIk^uUI. If more of our citizens 
would interest themselves in municipal 
affairs, and see to it that they voted on 
election day, and that their friends voted, 
our municipal government would be 
more successfid. Probabh' the best 



lorni of government that has ever ex- 
isted is the old New England town meet- 
ing; there all the peo])le interested them- 
selves in all in!])ortant (juestions. The 
nearer numicipal government approaches 
the town meeimg, and the closer it is 
in touch with all the citizens, the more 
interest all the citizens take in matters of 
government, the better wmII be the rc- 
stdt. 

Mayor John /•'. Hurley, Salcni, Mass. 

1 consider the (|uestion of sewerage 
the most \ital i>roblem confronting the 
cities of Xew England. The public 
health must be jirotected at all hazards, 
and in no way is it so serioush- threat- 
(•uv(\ as by imperfect sewerage. This 
(|uestion, which confronts most of our 
cities. Salem included, demands the most 
thorough Consideration and careful 
studv. It has been the custom of our 
coast cities to empty their sewage into 
their harbors, but this has been jiroved 
bv experience to be unwise anduidieallh- 
ftil, as a i)ortion of the sew^age at least 
floats back again, jiolluting beautiful 
stretches of shore, and leaving all kinds 
of matter to decay and breed disease. 
In inland cities, it is customary to empty 
the sewers into the rivers. This appears 
to me to be very tmwise and ttnkind, as 
the hlth is fre(|uently carried along to 
the next citv or town on the river banks. 
The iiroblem is to find the projx'r rem- 
edv. and Salem is just as anxious as its 
sister cities to be enlightened on the sub- 
ject. To mv mind, the most feasible 
])lan vet i)resenied is the cremation of 
the solid matter: but. as Kip'ing says. 
"That's another stt)ry." 

Mayor John 0. Hall, Cuincy, Mass. 

It is preitN difricult to say what is the 
most vital problem that our Xew h'ng- 
land cities have to consider, where there 
are so many that i)erplex the officials ol 
all. varving accorcling to their localities: 
but if I were to lie obliged to name one 
as more per])lexing. and at the same 
time the most needed and imperative, it 
woid<l be the disposition of sewage for 
inland cities. We on the seashore are 
finding a temporary relief by turning it 
into tile waters of the bays and harbors. 
but 1 am of the opinion that this resort 



104 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



nia\- come back to us after many clays, 
laden with added difficulties. 

Mayor Geo. JV. Forbusli. Lc-n'istoii, Mc. 

I wish to say that 1 believe the most 
vital problem to be the question of debt 
and taxation. Both the debt and taxa- 
tion of our New England cities have in- 
creased wonderfully in the last decade, 
and now stand at an alarming iigure. 
They have grown nuich more rapidh 
than population, rapid as has been its 
growth in cities, and for a large part 
of this debt there is nothing to show. 
This, to my mind, is due to waste and 
corruption, owing largely to partisan 
politics in our municipal affairs. The 
faults of the state government are in- 
significant compared with the extrava- 
gance, corruption and mismanagement 
of most of the large cities. To my mind, 
the remedy to be applied should be to 
elect at our municipal elections none but 
faithful, honest and efficient officials ; 
then make the appropriations for the 
different departments large enough to 
meet the required expenditures ; and 
after thev are n.ade use all pro]ier means 
to keep within them. 

Mayor Clarence 0. Poor. Belfast. Me. 

I consider all minor questions al)- 
sorbed in tlie greater one of how to 
make our outlying farms so attractive, 
pecuniarily and otherwise, that the 
vounoer generation of farmers will wish 
to remain and cultivate them, instead of 
drifting to larger centres. Our coast 
cities are largely dependent for business 
upon inland towns, and it is an alarm- 
ing state of things, as one drives through 
the country, to note the number of aban- 
doned farms. ( )ur great need is to in- 
crease this producing power, and keep 
our voung men at hoiue. 

Mayor Charles F. Thayer, Xorzcieh. Conn. 
The modern city has outgrown the un- 
equal and unjust system of meeting the 
expenses of local government bv taxa- 
tion, but still insists on wearing the mis- 
fit. The nu.nucipality should own and 
operate its water-works, gas and electric- 
light plant, telephone and street-railway 
systems, the profits of which would meet 
all legitimate expenses of government 



and render unnecessary the levy of taxes. 
Ereed from taxation all roads would 
lead to the city; its population, indus- 
tries and wealth would increase, and its 
people in their relation to the city gov- 
ernment would remain as they were 
created, equal. It is argued that munic- 
ipal ccMitrol of the public utilities is iiu- 
practicable, because politics enter into 
the management of city affairs, and pol- 
itics are corrupt. Assuming it to be de- 
sirable to abolish taxation, the vital 
question would seem to be, how to meet 
the argument against municipal control. 
John Sherman's method of resuming 
specie ])ayments was "to resume," and 
the practical v^ay for the city to disprove 
the impracticability of municipal owner- 
ship is to become a municipal owner. 

Mayor John J . Fitzgerald, Pawtiieket, R. L 

In response to your inauirv as to what 
I consider the most vital qttestion con- 
fronting New England cities, I would 
say that, in my opinion, the problem is : 
How to provide a city with all the im- 
i:)rovements necessary to the health and 
comfort of the citizens thereof, without 
accumulating a debt, the charges for the 
payment of ^v■hich would be a burden on 
the tax-pavers. I believe the ordinary 
income of a city, derived from taxes on 
real and personal property, to be utterly 
inadecuiate to accomplish the result men- 
tioned above. There is need of other in- 
come, such as may be derived from dif- 
ferent kinds of licenses and permits, and 
special taxes for franchises. To bring 
about the ideal condition in city affairs, 
party affiliation should cease to be the 
chief (|ualification for office. The best 
luen in the community, instead of com- 
plaining about existing conditions, 
should take an active part in municipal 
affairs, and be public spirited enough to 
l^resent themselves as candidates for of- 
fice, and be willing to sacrifice, if you 
mav call it such,, some of their time to 
the conduct of the city's business. As 
far as possible safeguards should be 
placed over city officials, in the form of 
ordinances and regulations, removing 
the possibility of their receiving any rev- 
enue, either directly or indirectly, from 
the conduct of the business of the city, 
other than the nominal salary of their 



riij-: woKCES'ri^R .mai.azi xp: 



105 



office. Water-works, s^^as and electric 
])laiits and all public utilities, proper to 
be conducted b} a cit\'. should be owned 
and controlled by the municipalities 
wherein thev are located, and inter-citv 
street railways should be controlled 
and owned by the state. With 
men in ottice who are elected on 
a non-i)artisan basis, and with the re- 
moval, b\- proper res^ulations. of all pos- 
sil)ility of a conflict between the interests 
of the city and those of the officials, the 
above-mentioned utilities could be con- 
ducted with profit to the cities, and with 
sj^reater benefit to the users thereof. Civil 
service regulations should be inauguratetl 
in all the city departments, employees of 
the city should retain their oflfice as long 
as they returned to the city services equal 
in value to their salaries; none should be 
employed except on merit, and sinecures 
should be abolished. 

Maym- Wni. P. Jlaycs, Sprliii^fichl. Mass. 

A proper response as to what may 
"be considered the most \ital jiroblem 
confronting New England cities." would 
recjuire a most far-reaching knowledge 
of the needs and conditions of those 
cities. One cit\' nia\ have urgent need 
of a suitable water-supply, another of 
some proper system of sewage disposal, 
while others may need better schools 
and more school buildings, more ade- 
(|uate fire or police protection, or a de- 
velo]-»ment of public parks and i^la\- 
grounds. All of these are most vital. 
lUit at the. foundation of these several 
needs, there lies the fundamental prob- 
lem of the means and methods and men 
of municii)al government. .V modern 
charter, permitting the broadest system 
of numicipal self-government, and cai)a- 



ble. conscientious and courageous men 
to govern the city thereunder, in the ex- 
ecutive, legislative and administrative 
departments, may be most truly said t<j 
underlie and affect all municipal prob- 
lems. l*erhaixs among the most vital of 
specific municipal problems may be enu- 
merated : The best material and metlujd 
for modern street paving; the develop- 
ment of public improvements for ]iublic 
travel, safety, convenience and beautv; 
and the limitation and control of all pub- 
lic-service franchises, for the preserva- 
tion of the rights of the municij^ality and 
the people and the ])rotection of the 
needs of the future. 

Mayor M. .1. Taylor, Xasliiia. X. II. 

( )f the many evils which threaten the 
municipal governments of Xew F.ngland 
the greatest is the enormous number of 
unskilled laborers who jxmr into the 
cities from the surrounding towns. These 
men. unfitted for any skille^d work, un- 
used to the conditions of city life, are not 
al)le to find steady, and hardly occasion- 
al, employment and must soon sink to 
the level of the tramp, if not to that of 
the law-breaker. In the farming dis- 
tricts, unskilled labor is always in de- 
mand, and, if the pay is small, the ex- 
]>ense of living is ])roportionately small 
also. But in a large connnunity comjie- 
tition crowds out all but the best work- 
men, leaving the heavier work, as streets 
and public grounds, for the less skillful. 
and nothing but vagrancy for the un- 
trained. The great problem of the pres- 
ent is to find means to induce, or force. 
this "armv of the unemployed" to go 
back to the agricultural districts, or to 
furnish them with employment. 



In the early part of the last century, 
writes Edward Everett Hale to the 
\\'oU(i:sti:k Mag.vzixe, Mr. Slater, wIkj 
introduced th.e cotton manufacture into 
Xew Ijigland. visited Worcester. lie 
met there Mr. Pliny Merrick, a law stu- 
dent in ( iov. Lincoln's office. 

Mr. Merrick said to him that he sup- 



posed Worcester would never be a man- 
ufacturing town, because of her want of 
water-i)ower. 

•'Mr. Merrick." said Slater. "y<ni will 
live to see the time when Mill l)n~)ok will 
not supi)lv the water you need for your 
steam-engines." .\nd the prophecy 
proved true. 



How to Make an Ideal City. 

By William Marion Reedy, Editor of the St. Louis Mirror. 




HAT shall the citizens of an 
T^T" American city do, in these 
days, to realize the best and 
highest possibilities for which 
the community is held to- 
gether ? 

Bad nuinicipal government 
is (hie to but one cause — the 
bad citizenship of good citi- 
zens. It is the result of neg- 
lect of civic duties, staying away from 
the primaries, or from the elections, 
leaving the transaction of the details 
of politics to men who "have time for 
that sort of thing '' simply because they 
do nothing else. The good citizen who 
is so busy with his private affairs that he 
has no time for politics, wonders why it 
is that bosses rule our municipalities, 
why quasi-public corporations are not 
properly taxed, why public work is poor- 
ly done, why the revenues of the city 
are frittered away vipon petty offiice-hold- 
ers, who rarely even make pretence of 
earning their salaries. The good citizen 
is the cause only too often. 

The people who have an interest in 
"getting the best of" a city are always 
active. The interests that wish to use 
public property for their private enrich- 
ment are ever watchful for opportunity 
to make the public make money for 
them. The practical politician is always 
scheming to get himself, or some of his 
friends, into ofifice, that the ofifice mav 
yield up something of profit. The inter- 
ests are always willing to help the 
practical politician, jjecause the two meet 
on the ground of practicality. The in- 
terests will put the politician in power 
if he will help the interests extend their 



power, or escape their taxes. The poli- 
tician will help the interests because the 
interests are ever ready to give to him, 
in small degree, the kind of revenue it 
should yield, in large degree, to the 
community. The quasi-public corpora- 
tions are ahva\'s non-partisan. They are 
always for their friends, regardless of 
party. The good citizen is usually a 
party man, voting his party ticket, as if 
the tariff, or the currency question, or 
the status of the colonies had anything 
in the world to do with good streets, 
clean streets, good sewers, good lights, 
good water, or low taxes on city prop- 
erty. Now and then the good citizen 
finds that the city government is going 
wrong. He becomes indignant, fiares 
forth as a reformer, and then the prac- 
tical politicians hunt their hiding-places 
until the storm Ijlows over, when they 
are soon out again, in the saddle and run- 
ning things. 

A well-administered city is the first 
thing desirable. A city well kept is, in 
itself, a good advertisement. A city in 
which the revenues are honestly expend- 
ed must, in time, reach a point at which 
taxes fall to a pleasant minimum and 
thus relieve all business, as well as the 
homes of people, of a heavy fixed 
charge. A city should have good gov- 
ernment before it can begin to attain its 
highest and best possibilities. If it have 
excellent public service, low taxation, an 
agreeable, cheerful appearance, all those 
things constitute a strong inducement 
to outsiders to settle in the community. 
Men can do their work better in pleasant 
surroundings, and if their homes have 
pleasant surroundings. A city can do 



T HE W U R C E S T i: R M A ( , A Z I X E 



107 



iidtliiiiL;' l)(.'ttcr tlian proxidc such sur- 
rounding's. lUit the tliinj^s referred to 
can not he ol)tained save throu^g-li honest 
and efficient a(hninistrati()n of civic af- 
fairs, and men to ])rovide such aihninis-- 
tration can not be had if llie task of se- 
lectinq- them be left to persons who re- 
gard city offices as nothing hut "soft 
sna])s," and to the machinations of great 
interests that have design onl\ to filch 
from, and escape adding an\ thing to. 
the wealth of the communit\ as a com- 
munity. 

Tliercfore the cit\- that wtnild be in 
best accord with tlie best ideas of the 
twentieth centur\ in municipal govern- 
ment will be one that has the greatest 
number of intelligent and honorable cit- 
izens, banded together in some kind of 
an organization having for its jnn-pose 
the elimination of unfit administration. 
Such a body oi men would have vast 
influence once it should get under way. 
The '"masses" would rally around it. for. 
all pessimists to the contrary notwith- 
standing, there are more good people in 
any community than there are of evil 
folk. .\ civic organization, composed of 
URMi in whost' integrit\' the whole bettiT 
part of a city has confidence, could cre- 
ate a pul)lic opinion absolutely irresisti- 
ble against tax-dodging and tax-eating, 
the two evils that cause all our munici- 
l)al troul)les. Such an organization 
springing, let us sa_\ . from the repre- 
sentative business and social and labor 
organizations and the j)rofessions, would 
be able to select good men for the of- 
fices: and all the best laws in the world 
are useless for good if the\ be not ad- 
ministered by good men. 

The way to liave a great city and a 
good city is solely through the organiza- 
tion of its good citizens for the city's 
good. There is no other wav. And the 
good citizen nuist be in battle-array 
all the time. Sjiasmodic good citizen- 
ship movements are of no permanent 



\«ilue. I hi' reaction from lh(.iii usual- 
ly leaves the last condition of the city in 
which they occur worse than its first. 

( )rganization is the key to everything 
in the imjirovement of a city. The East- 
ern cities would do well to imitate some 
of the Western cities in the matter of 
organization for the advancement of the 
city s trade. St. Louis, for instance, has 
a lUisiness .Men's League that lias 
achie\ed miracles in this direction. It 
has a statif of officers whose dut\- it 
has been, for years, to set before the peo- 
])le of the whole country, in various 
wa\s. all the advantages ])Ossessed bv 
St. Louis in the way of a location, either 
for establishing a business or a resi- 
dence. This organization looks after the 
city's interests at every session of Con- 
gress, at every meeting of the state Leg- 
islature, at ever}- session of the rate- 
making powers of the great railroads. 
It sends delegates to all the important 
conunercial conventions, to look out for 
-St. Louis's interests in everv possible 
contingenc}-. It is up in arms against 
an} legislative proposal that threatens 
the business of St. Louis, against ever\ 
announcement of a freight rate that 
gives the Xew N'ork or Chicago or Bos- 
ton shipper any advantage over his St. 
Louis brethren. It insists on the rights 
of .^t. Louis to the best its citizens can 
get in the matter of all business facili- 
ties from go\ernment or from great cor- 
])orations. Tt advertises the citv in every 
manner it ])ossibl\ can. .\nd onl}- the 
tireless acti\itv of this organization has 
prevented the indomitable energy of 
Chicago from ca]ituring the trade of the 
southwestern territory from the old town 
on the leather of Waters. 

St. Louis is not the most progressive 
town in the country by any means, but 
it realizes ]>erfectly that organization to 
work for the cit}' as a whole is a sin"e 
method of working for the betterment 
of the business oi the individual. It has. 



108 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



I may add, a rival organization to the 
Business Men's League in the Mer- 
chants and Manufacturers" Association ; 
and this rival, too, does effective work- 
in bringing business to the city. The 
St. Louis Alerchants' Exchange, also, 
has alert committees watching all the 
points at which it seems likely any trade 
mav escape, or at which movements are 
afoot that may jeopardize the city's busi- 
ness. 

The great fault with St. Louis is that 
its people as a whole are not closely in 
sympathy with the organizations I have 
described. There is not a general sup- 
port of the few men who are identified 
with the organizations. The j^ublic 
spirit of the city is confined to a few. 
The many will not give up either money 
or time to a work from which they can 
not figure out an inunediate personal 
benefit. There is not that solidarity of 
sentiiuent, on the proposition that St. 
Louis is the best city to live in and to 
trade in, that one finds in Chicago. De- 
spite the institutions to which I have re- 
ferred, St. Louis remains split up into 
cli([ues that do nothing but criticise those 
who are trying to do something, and 
there is no mighty concentration of its 
575,000 citizens to the one end of the 
greater honor and glory of their town. 
At least this has been the case until very 
recentlv. Xow the citizens are about 
completing a popular subscription of 
$5,000,000, have voted to issue $5,000,- 
000 more in bonds, and have secured 
a congressional appropriation of $5,000,- 
000 more, to have a World's I^^air, com- 
memorating the purchase of Louisiana 
territorv from France, by Jefferson, in 
1803. This has waked up the commu- 
nitv, and at the present writing the 
awakening has extended to the political 
fields, and there is almost a popular up- 
rising in behalf of good municipal gov- 
ernment, a first result of which will be, 
as hoped, a change in the city charter 



and the state constitution that will en- 
able St. Louis to expend at least $7,000,- 
000 in setting itself to rights and pre- 
paring a city fit to welcome the world 
to a $15,000,000 exposition. The people, 
in other words, are rallying around the 
men in the organizations I have named 
and uniting in a cry of "All for St. 
Louis." The city is alive with enthusi- 
asm, and an enthusiasm for good. The 
men who have worked hard and long 
and against an apparently hopeless apa- 
thv are at last beginning to see results. 
They can see something coming like 
that which came to Chicago in 1893, 
with the great Columbian Exposition. 

And the outlook is not alone for a 
conunercially rejuvenated conuuunit}', 
but for a moralh- revived c(^nununit\'. 
The citizens are aroused and working 
together to rectify all sorts of abuses.. 
They are in arms against a police law 
foisted on the city by state politicians 
to make the police a machine to carry 
the city for the dominant party in the 
state. They are leagued together against 
the wine-room evil that has flourished 
under ])()litical favoritism. They arc a 
unit. aluKjst, in opposition to a scheme to 
make the ])ublic schools political spoil. 
They have recently elected a circuit at- 
torney who is not afraid to have the 
(Irand Jur\- indict criminals with political 
■■j)ulls." They have brought to trial the 
citv's purchasing agent for irregularities 
in buying supplies. They snowed under 
a citv ticket, put up b}' the city adminis- 
tration, at the time of the national elec- 
tion, by luajorities as high as 9,000, and 
went so far in opposition as to reduce 
the sound-money majority of November, 
i8c)6, to less than one-third — solely be- 
cause the Republican city administra- 
tion had disgusted them by its ridiculous 
inefficiency. The demand for reform has 
become so strong that the machine 
bosses of the party have actually been 
caucusing with church deacons and Y. 



THE WORCESTER MACAZIM-: 



10J> 



M. C. A. sijperintciKk'nts, and l)cj^^ing 
tlu-ni to nanu' \hv nicii \hv\ want tlic 
machines to nominate. It is an actual 
fact, within my personal, i)ositive knowl- 
edge, that the ticket wiiich swept the 
city last November was ])racticallv dic- 
tated hy the ])resident of the St. Louis 
"\ . Al. L. A. and a few of his "dude'" and 
"dreamer" Iriends. The cit\ is nndergo- 
in^- a moral, political, social cartli(|uake. 
The gangsters are either deep hidden in 
their holes or proffering their ])olitical 
aid to the furtherance of the ends of the 
reformers. A Public Welfare Commis- 
sion has been, formed to combat all mu- 
nicipal evils and suggest remedies for 
effete conditions in local government. It 
has been harshh criticised. b\ nnself 
among others, but it is none the less 
true that, des])ite some mistakes, into 
which it is not necessary to enter here, 
the connnission is destined to do nmch 
good, especially as it will be a ])erma- 
nent institution. I ma\ sa\ that this 
l)ublic welfare movement was the result 
of a conference of the i)ro])rietors of the 
St. Louis daily news])a]:)ers, who felt that 
Something had to be done, and that the 
newspa])ers were convinced that some- 
thing had to be done b\ the loud ciamor- 
ings and ])ictures(jue slashings of a 
weekly that shall be nameless. 

All of which may not be thoroughly 
interesting to persons in Massachusetts, 
but is very necessary to the ])oint I wish 
to make — that the city can be kept up 
to its best, as a whole, onl\ by the steady 
effort of the best ])ioj)le. and there cati 
be no steadv effort without organization. 
The best \\a\ tti >h()\\ what can be (kme 
i> to show wliat has been done. 

It is ])()ssil)le for Worcester to be made 



a model. ])r(jgressive town — even more 
so than it is at present-by the union of 
the forces of all the men m the cit\ who 
are able to realize that anything that 
makes the city a better ])lace to live in 
is money in the pocket (jf every citizen. 
If all the business men will get together 
and appl\ their business sense to a con- 
sideration of a city's needs, there is no 
reason why llu'y should not produce tilt 
good results they desire in all sorts of 
directions, just as tliey would produce 
results sought for in an association for 
some great corporate enterprise. All tlie 
good things citizens seek for in their citv 
are related. They can keep hammering 
away at all the ])ropositions thev ad- 
vance for betterment : can push for good 
government and boctin the citv's busi- 
ness at the same time. 

I lio])e 1 base suf^cieiitly elaborated 
the idea that the best wa\ to put a citv 
on its mettle is for the men of that cit\ 
to get on their mettle. All tluw have 
to do is to consult their common sense 
to find out what is wanted, and the\- will 
realize that the only way to get anything 
is to go out after it. and for all the men 
who want the same thing for the citv 
to go out after it together. A good town 
means money in your pocket and mine. 
Tf T can help your business in our town, 
1 hel]) m\- own. Tf you are decently gov- 
erned, so am I. .\one of us is really op- 
])osed to our city going ahead in all sorts 
of ways. All that is lacking to send the 
town ahead and keep it going ahead is 
that we unite to do our individual and 
collective' best to bring about conditions 
that will make each and all more pros- 
perous and contented. 







a 
< 

m 

r 



3 



< 

a. 



O 

o 
< 






o 

Q. 



< 

u 



> 



o 

I 
(/) 

o 
o 

a: 
03 



3 



< 



O 

u 



Sewerage and Sewage Disposal of Worcester. 



Bv Hak'kison p. Eddy. 




Xl^ >)i tlu' rliicl (lil'ticulties 

O which have Ijc'cii iMiconiitered 
in ihe efifort to treat the sew- 
ai;e()f WOrcesterhas been the 
laro-e (luamitx of water — not 
sewag'c — discharged into Mill 
l)rook. W'lur, tlie outfall 
sewer was worl<in^ under a 
head, and conducting- as 
nuich sewage as was jiossible 
to the i)uritieation works, the slightest 
storm wtnild cause an overHow of un- 
treated sewage directly into the Black- 
>tone river. This condition had l)een 
recognized from the beginning, and it 
was anticipated that the court wouM re- 
(|uire the citv to prevent this, to a cer- 
tain extent at least. 

In June, 1896, the city engineer, I'red- 
erick A. .McCdure. ])rescnted to tlie City 
L'ouncil a i)lan for a separate system of 
sewers for the entire citv. to ])revent fur- 
ther trouble from the storm water. The 
sewerage ])lan connnonly known l)y this 
name consists of a system of sewers de- 
signed to receive sewage alone, without 
an\- adnn'xture (if surface water. Ihe 
jiipe^ are \-er\- nuich smaller than in the 
combined system, which i.s designed to 
carrv both sewage and storm water. 
Where the se])arate system is used it is 
necessary to provide for the (lis])Osal of 
surface water by constructing another 
svstcm of drains for llii^ purpose. The 
adoption of this system wouM reli.w the 
puriticatii in works froni ;ill >ti.rm water, 
as well as the wati'r from N'onli ptmd. 

In this city all sewers built l)efore i8(jo 
were designed for both surface water 
and sewaue. After that date it was de- 



cided to sewer all (jiulying secti<jns 
tipon the sejiaratc system, as shown on 
the accom])au\ ing ])lan by the ]){jrtion 
shaded with straight lines. The sepa- 
rate system for the entire city would re- 
(|uire the construction of a second sewer 
in every street sewered by the combined 
svstem. 'i'his section is represented b\ 
that portion of the ])lan not shaded. 
The portion shaded by dots was included 
in this ])ortion, but has, within three 
\ears, l)een resewered, as will be de- 
scribed later, being now ])ro\ided with 
surface water drains and a separate sys- 
tem for sewage. 

I he Citv Coimcil, taking into consid- 
eration the magnitude of the problem, 
secured advice from two eminent ex- 
perts, Samuel 'SI. (iray, a sanitary engi- 
neer, ancl 'Idiomas M. Drown, jjresident 
of Lehigh Cniversity. formerly chemist 
to the Massacluisetts State I'oard of 
Health. They reconuuended that two 
intercei)ling sewers be constructed, one 
on each side of the Millbrook sewer, 
and that the lateral sewers be connected 
with ilicm in such a wa}' that when, in 
time of storm, the intercepters became 
ftdl, the laterals could discharge into 
Mill l)rook as formerly. 

This i)lan provides for carrying the 
sewage, and as nnicli of the storm water 
as the capacity of the sewers will allow, 
to the ])urihcation works, but when this 
limit is reached, the excess of storm 
water, containing of c »urse some sew- 
age, llows through the old channel into 
the I'dackstone river. The water from 
the northern waler-slu'd will run througli 



SYSTEMS 1501. 




rilK WORCESTER Ai A ( . A Z 1 X E. 



113 



Mill brook and (lischari;c directly into 
tlir river. 

It was also recommended 1)\- the cx- 
])erts "that the city take measures to 
provide for a fj^radual change from the 
combined to the sei)arate: system of sew- 
era^'e. and that this chanj^e be carried on 
until the amount of crude sewas^e flow- 
ing' into the river shall be ina])i)reciable." 
I'his fmnher and ver\ expensive exten- 
sion of the system for sej^arating the 
sewage from the surface water was 
deemed necessarx because of the fact 
that some sewage woidd be discharged 
into the river in time of storm. .\s it 
was impossible to determine the (|uan- 
tit\ of such discharge, or its effect u])on 
the river in anv other way than 1)\' actual 
observation, it was deemed wise to leave 
this work until sueh time as it was 
actualK demonstrated that the effect of 
the discharges was notably objectionable. 
(. c)nse(jucntly, this extension does not in 
any wav enter into the plan ui)on which 
work is now being done. 

A-> the .Millbrook sewer lakes u\) 
nearh' the whole width of .\lilll)ur_\- 
street, from (Juinsigamond a\enue to 
the outfall sewer at the south works of 
the American Steel ^S: Wire Co.. it was 
decided to construct one conduit inside 
this se^wer. Nearly all the sewage of the 
city being naturally brought to the junc- 
tion of Cambridge street, Ouinsigamond 
a\enue and Millburv street, it was feasi- 
ble to conduct it from this point tt) the 
outfall sewer through one channel. 

The water in thissection of .Mill brook 
wa'^ necessaril\- ke])t at a ile])lh of at 
K'ast four feet in order to force the en- 
tire dr\ -weather llow of sewage through 
the outfall. It was impracticable to re- 
move the arch from the large sewer, and 
to constrvict the conduit under these 
conditions recpiired unusual methods 
and some i^reliminary work. The con- 
struction was carri(.'d on within a c«^ffer- 
(1am enclosure, as shown in cut .\. The 



stock of brick, sand and cement was 
conve\e(l in scows towed by a catama- 
ran, ])ropelled bv a central paddle-wheel, 
which was driven 1)\- an electric motor. 
I Cut l'>.) Two bare tr(jlley-wires were 
supi)orted on insulated hangers from the 
arch, and the motor on the niotor-l^oat. 
as well as that which operated the cen- 
trifugal puni]) carried in another scow 
for ])umi)ing the water out of the coffer- 
dam enclosure (cut .\). received its cur- 
rent from these wires. Incandescent 
lights were used for lighting the interior 
of the sewer, these also receiving their 
current from the trolley-wires. The con- 
duit was built of brick masonr_\'. and i> 
shown in comi)lete(l condition in cut C. 

As soon as it was decided to put this 
conduit inside Mill brook, it was recog- 
nized that some of the storm water from 
the area then c. )ntril)Uting to it. must be 
diverted if serious overflows, in times of 
heav\ showers, were to be avoided. Imh- 
this reason, and not as a part of the i)lan 
rci)orted bv the experts, although in ac- 
cord with its i)rovisions for future devel- 
opment, but rather as a necessary condi- 
tion of its execution, il was decided to 
resewer a large ])ortion of the southern 
and western districts of the city. W ater 
from this district was thus diverted from 
the sewers and discharged into adjacent 
water-courses, thereby relieving Mill 
brook. The area treated in this way was 
calculated to colled and discharge into 
Beaver brook and Stillwater pond 
enough water to offset the new construc- 
tion in .Mill bro<,k. W^rk upon thi> re- 
sewering was begun at the same time as 
that ui)on the cniduit. and was com- 
])leted ui Kjoo. 

Thei construction of the east and west 
intercepters was begun in iS()8, and they 
run as nearly parallel to .Mill brook as 
location in existing streets would allow. 
At Cambridge street the lower end of 
each intercepter is four feet in diameter, 
although throughout their length the 




u 



I 

u 

a; 
< 

< 



z 

O 



z 

O 



o 

Q. 



< 

< 

> 



O 

Oi 

H 



z 

< 



< 

22 



o 

o 

a: 

03 



< 

O 

03 
I 
■ji 

u 
o 

i- 
(/5 



o 



o 



cn 

1:3 

z 

< 

< 

< 

< 
U 



U 




1- 

X 



■^ 5 

u 5, 

u 
■J 
z 

< 
a: 

^. 



t- 



J 



'J 




Q 

U 






a 
z 

< 



33 



O 
I 



■3 

O 
X 
1/5 



i- 
t/) 

z 

u 
u 

a: 

a 



3 



1 H E VV ( ) R C E S T E R M A G A /. 1 X \\ 



117 



size decreases as the cc)ntril)iitinL;- area 
(liniinislies. 

The route of the west intercepter is 
through Ouinsigainoiul avenue, Lafay- 
ette, Washington, IJradlev. ( ircen, hVank- 
lin, Cherrv. Warren, Bridge. Manches- 
ter, L'ninn, Xorth I'^oster, C'onuuercial. 
School and Main streets. This inter- 
cepter is now conipkte. The east inter- 
cepter. wdien completed, will lie in Mill- 
hury. Water, ( Irafton streets. Washing- 
ton s(|uare, Snnnmr and Eiiic(dn streets, 
to a i^dint near the hnnher xard of the 
W. II. Saw\er Lnniher Co. I'roni here 
it will run ihrnugli a sewer location, yet 
to be i)rocnred. to Prescott street, a 
short distance north of ( larden street. 
thence througli i'rescott and (_'eniettry 
streets to (irove street. The accom- 
panying ])lan sliows these intercepters 
on either side of Mil! brook in heav}' 
lines. 

The west intercepter was built in ojkmi 
trench from C'am])ridge street to ( ireen 
street, bor a distance of 434. feet in 
Green street the sewer was built in an 
ordinarx' tunnel. The material through 
which the headings were driven was 
hard])an and gravel. .\ pholograj)h of 
this tumiel is re])roduce(l in cut I), and 
shows the bracing, sheathing and track 
witli third rail. This intermediate rail 
furnislied the power to a motor-car used 
for remoxing the refuse material and 
bringing in the concreti'. mortar and 
brick for the construction of llie sewer. 
The incandescent lights were also fur- 
nished from this rail. The air became 
so foul in this tunnel that a candle would 
not burn in it. ami tlie exhaust fi'oni a 
])umi) dri\(.n b\ compressed air was Cv)n- 
ducted into tlu' luading. after which no 
dititicnltx was e\]>erieni-(.d. I 1k' uiirtli 
heading of the tuimel ran into bad 
ground, within a few feet of the sjiaft. 
and the sewer was extended a >hort A\>- 
tance in open trench. The material l)e- 
came nmch worse, however, and it was 



deemed wise to proceed in tunnel under 
air pressure. 

This section of tunnel was alxnit thirty 
feet deep, and the material through 
which it was driven was a very fine 
(|uicksand. W hen this sand was exposed 
to almosjdieric jiressure in the trench, 
it would llow in a stream to any available 
lower le\el. and at times it would boil 
u]) like a s])ring. 

About midway between the ends of 
the tuimel a timber caisson was lowered 
on the line of the tumiel to the proper 
grade. This caisson was provided with 
locks tlu'otigh which the men and 
materials ])assed when entering or leav- 
ing tlu' tunnel. When the caisson was 
complete and ])rovided with the neces- 
sary a])pli<'mces. air was turned into it 
until there was sutificient pressure within 
it to balance that of the water in the 
sand. When the pressures were equal- 
ized in this wa\ the sand could be exca- 
vated without difficulty; at times it 
would stand with a vertical face several 
feet hi.gh without an\ tendency toward 
falling or sliding. The construction and 
use of the caisson and locks can be read- 
il\ understood b\- referring to the cuts 
marked I', and V . 

To i)re\(.'nt the sand from falling as 
the tunneling ])rogressed. the headings 
were lined with wooden rings. I'hese 
rings, as shown by cut < i. were made in 
eight sections, which were bolted together 
on all sides. As soon a> space enough 
had been excavated the toj) piece of the 
ring was pin in place and bolted to the 
ring next back of it. Then other sec- 
tions were put in position and bolted to- 
gether, until the ring was complete. This 
temporar\- wooden lining was followed 
u]) e\ery da\' with a brick lining eight 
inches thick. >hown in cut 11. When the 
tunnel had been completed in this wa\ . 
the construction of the sewer of the 
pro])er dimensions was begun at the ex- 
treme ends and carrie<l towanl the shaft. 





f- 




CIT F. 
Working Chamber of Caisson Showing Lock with Bi < ket Ascending. Lower Door Being Closed. 




CUT G. 
Section of Drift Showing Lining-rings and Bulkhead. 




CIT H. 
Section of Pneumatic Tunnel Showing Safety-lining and Finished Sewer, with Concrete Between the Two. 







r-f'Pi 



;1 







u 
< 

-1 

a 



< 

a 
a 

I 
H 



'J 
< 



U 

Q 
z 
< 



1/) 
u 

Of 

D. 

o 

U 



u g 



o 
o 

o 

z 

o 

I 

I/) 



LU 
i- 



1- 
< 



3 
H 



z 

g 

u 

t/) 




a 

z 



f- 



< 

Ui 

X 



a: 

a 






u 

7. 
Z 

H 

:^ 

U 



o 



124 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



The remainder of the west intercepter 
was constructed in trench, and while 
some of the way excavations were deep 
and in quicksand, they were of no un- 
usual interest. 

The east intercepter was constructed 
in open trench to \'ernon stpiare. In 
Water street, as far north as Ledge 
street, the sewer was built in tunnel. The 
material throug^h which the different sec- 
tions of tunnel were driven varied great- 
ly, and did not always turn out as pre- 
viously expected. The excavation from 
the Fox-street shaft was almost wholly 
through ledge, although frecjuently hard- 
pan appeared in the roof, which required 
bracing in such cases, as shown in cut 
I. The widest variation in material ex- 
isted in the Harrison-street section. The 
south drift ran for a considerable dis- 
tance through a combination of ledge 
and hardpan. This required very careful 
bracingand sheathing, which caused great 
delay. It generally took the entire time 
of the night force to put in the timbering 
and to remove the dirt. The day shift 
did the drilling and blasting. The north 
drift ran through a pocket of gravel. 



which was very loose and required great 
care to prevent it from running from 
overhead. For a short distance this ma- 
terial was so extremely loose that it be- 
came necessary to work behind a bulk- 
head, removing the plank and replacing 
it in advance as the work progressed, 
working from the roof down. This drift 
ran from an entire heading in gravel to 
part rock and part gravel, and then to 
an entire face of rock. The Pond-street 
drifts started in rock, and no dirt ap- 
peared in the south heading. The north 
heading ran into hardpan and gravel, 
with indications at the point at which it 
was stopped that fine, wet sand was at 
hand. Cut J shows a rock heading with 
steam drill placed ready to operate. 

The east intercepter is now complete 
to Washington square, across which a 
tunnel is now being driven. The work 
on the tunnel is being 'done under air 
pressure, and is similar to the one in 
Green street already described. The 
completion of this intercepter. which will 
require at least one year, wiil finish the 
separating system as now contemplated. 



The Citizen and the City. ' 



city affairs, and small liability of error. 
^ I "* that appeal to the citizens of Citizens are inclined to act for the best 

■ ■ - ■' ■- -'- '— good of the greatest number, and are 

usually led to throw their infiuence upon 
the other side through ignorance or a 
perverted understanding, resulting froiu 
false information. 

3klany municipal problems are com- 
plex and technical, and it is not possible 
for citizens, however intelligent and zeal- 
ous they may be. and however deter- 
mined to act only with full knowledge, to 

*Froin introductory- to " Municipal Government in Great Britain." The Century Company, 
New York. By special arrangement with the author and publishers. 



HE greatest of the problems 
that appeal to the citizens of 
cities at the present time is 
that of the attitude of the in- 
dividual citizen to the munic- 
ipality. 

If all the citizens had a per- 
fect understanding of the 
])roblems they are called 
upon to solve, in their ca- 
pacity of municipal voters, there would 
be little friction in the administration of 




THE WUR LESTER MAGAZINE. 



126 



]n\{ themselves in a correct attitude to- 
ward these ])roblcnis. if they rel\ upon 
their indivi(hial kiiowledijc and judg- 
ment. 

Tlie (juestions of taxation and finan- 
cial manag'emcnt demand the best efforts 
of e'.\|)t)rts, and the many problems 
upon whiclT they are dejjcndent present 
()p])ortunities for the exercise of the 
hii^hest order of s])ecialized tak'nl and 
trainintj. The care of the streets, the 
])olice, protection ai^ainst fires, tlie water 
sup])ly, the sewers, liyhtinj;-, the care of 
the poor, puljlic franchises, and tlie sev- 
eral quasi-public enterprises that supply 
individtial necessities throui^h some form 
of city control and reg-ulation — such as 
gas, electricity, garbage disposal, street 
cars, telejihones. etc. — each calls for ex- 
pert Isiiowledge that can not be obtained 
except through the ex])enditure of more 
time than the average citizen has at his 
<lis])osal. \'et without sucli knowledge 
no citizen can perform his dut\. 

These problems have become so com- 
])lex, so scientifically refined, that they 
are beyond the sphere of the ordinary 
man of affairs. 'I\i understand tliem one 
must devote nuich time to tlieir studv. 
I'.xpert knowledge upon these matters is 
nidsth in tlie ])OSsession of interested 
])arties — interested in corporations de- 
pending upon franchises from the city, 
or in ]>olitics. The citizens do not get 
all tlie information the\' need from 
either ol these sources. 

Even if the prol)lem that ma\ be im- 
portant at the moment is mastered, it 
will be found to affect other matters so 
nearly that at least a linn'ted comprehen- 
sion of them is necessary. Civic finance 
is of itself a deep and broad (piestion. 
and it is \itally affected by every other 
])rol)lem coming up for consideration. 
So of taxation. Thus the thorough stu- 
dent of civic affairs must first master 
civic finance and taxation, and the gen- 
eral condition of the industries and the 



people of the city, before he can com- 
prehend the other vital questions that 
are sure to present themselves for solu- 
tion. The more carefully this view of 
the duties of the citizen is considered — ■ 
the deeper the real science of city control 
is gone into — the more evident does it 
become that the individual is the play- 
thing of circumstances and conditions, 
which he ma\ butTi-t ne\er so vahantl}'. 
but which nm^l overcome him at the 
last, if he de])ends soleK' ujion his own 
knowledge and judgment. What. then, 
nnist be the course of the conscientious 
man, who is resolved to ac(|uit himself 
honorabl}- and intelligently of the duties 
obligatory upon him ? 

Manifestly, he nuist rely upon the 
knowledge and judgment of somebody 
whom he assumes to be in possession 
of the basis for such judgment and 
knowledge, whose knowledge is to be 
relied ui)on. and whose judgment is to 
be deferred to. 

There should be an authoritative 
source for authoritative information con- 
cerning numicipal affairs, of something 
the same conununal nature as the nui- 
nici])alitv itself. I'his might ])roperly be 
one of the im])ortant offices of a board of 
trade, and the faithful ])erformance of 
such a service might well be considered 
to be a sufficient excuse and justification 
for the existence of a board of trade. 

It is scarcely to be imagined that an 
organization like a board of trade could 
l)ecome the repository of all the sjiecial 
knowledge necessary for the full under- 
standing of civic affairs, in a concrete 
form. Ihn it is not difiicult to conceive 
that a board of trade can easily become 
the convenient reservoir of this knowl- 
edge, and cause it to be disseminated to 
the citizens, as occasion for it might 
arise. 

To efficiently ai)ply such a plan in 
l)ractice, it would be necessary that the 
organization assuming the duty supply 



126 



IHE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



itself with avenues of information, in the 
form of technical books, reports, period- 
icals, etc., and keep a watchful eye upon 
events. It would not be found ditftcult 
to o^ather and prepare the information. 
The greater problem would he to lay it 
before the citizens with such authority 
as would compel recognition, because 
of the character and standing of the or- 
ganization. 

Consider that some question involv- 
ing electricity comes before the city gov- 
ernment, or the voters, affecting also the 
interests of a private corporation. Elec- 
tricitv. for example, has become a most 
complex and technical subject, tpute with- 
out the experience or knowledge ot both 
the citizen and city oi^cial. The same is 
equally true of gas. street railways, and 
many other like matters. Where is the 
knowledge to come from? The inter- 
ested corporation will present such tacts 
as can be relied upon to favor its views 
and further its desires, and verv natural- 



Iv and properly so. Shall the citizen be 
guided In- an ex-parte exposition? If 
not. where shall he look for light ? Then 
is the opportunity for a board of trade 
to issue a clear statement of the whole 
matter, treating it strictly upon its mer- 
its, and eschewing the political factor. 
Then if the citizen, or the city govern- 
ment, goes wrong, it will be with full 
knowledge, and the responsibilit\ cannot 
be avoided. lUit the chances of a wrong 
decision will lie very greatly reduced. 

The services that a board of trade can 
render a city, in this way. tend to funda- 
mental and permanent benefit of such a 
character as simplifies and advances its 
more direct labors for the material up- 
building of a city. While this work may 
often appear as of a negative character, 
its effect is permanent, and always fur- 
nishes for the advocate a very ]x^werful 
argument for the city — an argument that 
has great weight with shrewd men when 
thev are laving business foundations. 

G. F. 



Growth and Problems of Modern Cities. 



By Dr. Albert Shaw. 



( U\ a quarter of a century the 
cities in the I'nited States 
have taken an undisguised 
pride in their buoyant growth. 
Most of them have eagerly 
welcomed the evidence of 
large vearly or decemtial ad- 
ditions to their numbers. But 
at length thev are discover- 
ing that the city element be- 
gins to preponderate in a country whose 
whole fabric of civilization had been 
wrought upon a foundation of agricul- 
ture and rural life : and that the future 
safety of our institutions requires that 
we learn how to adapt city life to the 
promotion of the general welfare. 




Since life in cities, under new and arti- 
ficial conditions, is henceforth the provi- 
dential lot assigned to the majority of 
families, it is to be accepted as a per- 
manent fact for this generation and its 
inunediate successors : anil the inevitable 
order is not to be rebelled against as an 
evil, but welcomed as if it were the most 
desirable of destinies. For the present 
evils of cit\- life are temporary and reme- 
dial. 

The conditions and circumstances that 
surround the lives of the masses of peo- 
ple in modern cities can be so adjustetl 
to their needs as to result in the highest 
development of the race, in body, in 
mind, and in moral character. The so- 



'1" i 1 ]•: w ( ) R c !•: s r i-: i< .\i .\ ( . .\ /. i x i-: . 



127 



called i)rt)l)k'iiis of the niodeni city arc 
l)ut the various ])hases of the one niaiii 
cjuestion. How can the environment be 
most perfectly adapted to the welfare of 
urban ]>opulations ? And science can 
meet and answer ever\- one of these 
problems. The science of the modern 
city — of the orderini;' of common con- 
cerns in dense p( )pidation-£;^roups — draws 
upon manv branches of theoretical and 
practical knowledge. It includes admin- 
istrative science, statistical science, en- 
gineering and technological science, san- 
itarv science, and educational, social and 
moral science. 

It is evitlent that we are entering upon 
a period of notable transformations. The 
social life of the world is adapting itself 
to the new ctmditions. ^'et it does not 
follow that new principles need be in- 
volved. ( )nl\ let it be remembered that 
old princi])les. if retained, must have 
novel applications. Thus, su])erficially 
regarded, the activities of the modern 
city wc:)uld seem to have a strong and 
rapid socialistic trend, because so many 
subjects of common interest are passing 
mider the direct control of the numici])al 
authorities. I'ut in point of fact, when 
stricth analyzed, modern numicipal col- 
lectivism does not so verv seriousl\' 
transgress the valuable old principles of 
individual freedom and private initiative, 
and the household basis of economic and 
social life. To s]:»eak in a poptdar and 
unscientific way. tlie wortl socialism, as 
relating to the increasingly complex 
functions of the large modern town, 
might l)e defined to mean the stun total 
of all those cfovernmental activities 



which have been sup(,rini])o>cd upon the 
negative or strictly necessar\ functions. 
In the theory and art of modern citv- 
making. we must frankly acknowledge, 
collectivism has a large and growing 
place. The nnmici])al corporations, until 
recently rather passive as political and 
social organisms, are now becoming 
highly conscious of their organic entity, 
and highly active in extending old func- 
tions and assuming new ones 

lUit T am not willing tcj deduce anv pes- 
simistic conclusions from this general 
tendency, whether exhibited in Rngland, 
in Germany, or in America. 1 do not for 
a moment believe that modern cities are 
hastening on to bankruptcy, that they 
are becoming dangerously socialistic in 
the range of their numici])al activities, 
or that the high and ever higher rates of 
local taxation tluis far indicate anything 
detrimental to the general welfare. It 
all means simply that the great towns 
are remaking themselves physically, and 
providing themselves ^yith the appoint- 
ments of civilizations, because thev have 
made the great discovery that their new 
masses of i)o])tdation are to remain per- 
manenth. ThcN have in practice re- 
jected the old view that the evils of city 
life were ineyitable, and have begun to 
remedy them, and to jirove that city life 
can be made not tolerable only for work- 
ing-men and their families, but positively 
wholesome and desirable. Are the mag- 
nificent activities and material achieve- 
ments of om- centtu-}- an e\il thing.' It is 
a false, imhealthy philosophy that so 
characterizes them. 



The Press and the People. 




HE doings, the attitude and 
the reservations of the news- 
papers form a permanent 
topic for discussion and crit- 
icism, indulged by nearly 
cvcr\ person who reads them, 
with a greater or less degree 
of acumen or ignorance. It 
has always been so since 
newspapers existed, and is 
likely to continue as long as human na- 
ture has .so large an element of criticism 
in its composition. To say that almost 
the whole body of criticism of the press 
is unintelligent, and based upon a woful 
lack of knowledge, sympathy and under- 
standing, is not the same as saying that 
there is not good ground for criticism ; 
and to take the ground that the public 
has not a right to arraign the news])a- 
pers, would be flying straight to the 
deep sea to avoid the evil personage. 

But suppose, for a moment, and for 
purposes of argument solely, that there 
did exist perfect rapport l)etween the 
press and the intelligent public, to an 
extent that would assure sympathetic ef- 
fort and co-ordination of purpose along 
lines directly affecting the public welfare 
and happiness, what could not be ac- 
complished? How easily desirable 
things could be brought about ! Why 
is there not such rapport? 

A recent writer gave us an apho- 
rism of light and leading when he said, 
"Journalism, the ideal journalism, con- 
sists in formulating brilliantly what the 
man in the street was on the verge of 
saying." If this be accepted, it remains 
to provide that the newspaper accept 
the definition, and take measures to find 



out what "the man in the street" has 
in his mind to say. Stated in more 
homely phrase, this writer believes that 
the best journalism is actually the voice 
of the people. 

A candid examination of the matter 
from this point of view serves to clear 
away many of the most perplexing prob- 
lems we are accustomed to believe clus- 
ter about the great social cjuestion of the 
press in life. 

At present, the interest of the press 
in social development and progress is 
somewhat academical, when it is vital 
enough to be recognizable ; and it is 
academical because the conductors of 
the press are still made to feel that they, 
and their interest, form an extraneous 
element. They are^ in other words, dis- 
trusted, held at arm's length, made to 
feel that they are not in and of the form- 
ative force, but servants to be specifi- 
cally employed upon demand, or injudi- 
cious friends whose knowledge must be 
carefully limited, and whose activities 
must be judiciously directed. This at- 
titude has always been held toward 
newspapers, though they are more toler- 
able to-day, in the estimation of a por- 
tion of the public, than tney once were, 
and they are therefore tolerated. 

This public distrust, open or veiled, 
has bred an answering distrust, tinged 
with contempt, on the part of newspaper 
conductors, with the observable result 
that the newspaper press is to-day an 
engine with great potential power large- 
ly occupied in pounding the air, or what 
is more discouraging, the men of straw 
it sets up for the purpose of knocking 
over in the sight of men. 



'['UK WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



129 



For a long time, ever since there was a 
newspaper press, it has been assumed, 
asserted and argued that the remedy for 
the evils that appear in the press must 
he cured by the press ; that the cause of 
the lack of sincerity, and efifectual work- 
in advocacy of the best in life, is to be 
found in the wicked and perverse na- 
tures and motives of the men who con- 
trol the newspapers. They are looke*! 
u])()n as some species of moral vam- 
pire, eager to fatten upon the 
life-blood of the communities in which 
they operate. It is rare to observe a 
newspaper man spoken of without ap- 
parent reservations which imply a meas- 
ure of distrust. 

It is (|uite true that such distrust is 
often merited. It is inevitable that 
iournalists, as a class, take on somewhat 
of the color they are believed, and con- 
stantly represented, to be. Give a dog 
a bad name and he will, in time, justify 
the accusation, especially if the dog be a 
sentient being capable of understanding 
and resenting the unjust and cruel fame 
he is saddled with. But it is unusual to 
find a criminal seriously contemplating 
reform because of the fingers of accu- 
satory scorn being j^ointed at him. Fhe 
newspaper press will not be likely to 
become what it might, in the way of a 
social force, until the criticising public 
ceases to merely accuse and turns to- 
ward a policy of recognition, fraternity 
and charity. 

It is not intended to here discuss the 
various specific faults alleged against the 
press, nor to ma)) out the course and the 
])olicy of an ideal newspaper. The jiress 
is a part of the social body, and it is not 
likely to be better than a fair average of 
public virtue, nor more intelligent than 
a fair average of public intelligence. It 
is, as a whole, and perforce must be, liai 
polloi writ large, if it seeks to reach and 
influence the great majority, or if its 
motive is entirelv sordid and it seeks to 



gain great circulation and i)opularity. It 
is what the public makes it — what wc 
make it. There is no escape from this 
conclusion, and it is idle to expect that 
'he press will, or can, purge itself of its 
ailments. A step further may be taken, 
and the proposition that the ])ress is es- 
timated and judged u[)on a radically 
false basis be urged. We judge news- 
]Kipers by an ideal standard, what w^e 
conceive the ideal newspaper should hi- 
in order to satisfy our esthetic proj)rie- 
ties. W'e want the newspapers to con- 
form to such ideals as we are fond of 
])arading, rather than to be a vital j)art 
of thatlife whicli we really live: we rather 
wish them to eclio the view of life we 
would picture were we addressing an 
ethical-culture society tlian mirror the 
life we know to be teeming in the world. 

In many wa\s the newspapers are 
shrewder than their critics. If the critics 
were to control, the newsjiapers would 
be read by no more than one-tenth of 
their present readers, and that tenth 
would scarcely ])rofit 1>\ tlieni. lieing 
what they are, the ])0]nilar newsi)apers 
have the ears, and in a measure the con- 
fidence, of great crowds of i:)eople. and 
ihev do often exert a great infiuence for 
ofood among them.bv a word fitlv s])oken 
for decencv and honesty and the better 
lite. The fundamental purposes of the 
conductors of newspapers are generally 
good and sane, and the general tendency 
of their work is toward better things 
rather than otherwise. They are contin- 
uall\ serving the public interests. They 
err, thev exhibit evil tendencies, they 
scofT at virtue, they promote strife, they 
spread falsehood, they mock, they re- 
vile, thev even blaspheme — even as men 
do. Thev do not do as well as they 
know, nor as well as they might, and 
thev know they do not — even as we who 
arraign them fail in intent and perform- 
ance and know that we thus fail. 

But the newspapers come more than 



i;:l<) 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



half way toward the point where mutual 
trust and understanding would make 
them a greater force than they are; it 
is the public that lags and mistrusts and 
criticises, in a greater degree than the 
newspapers. 

No truer, juster or more acute defini- 
tion of the newspaper press has recently 
been made than this, by Dr. Lyman 
.Vbbott in a lecture delivered in Uoston 
recently : 

"The journalist holds up to us the 
mirror of light and lets us see life as it 
is. There are tliose wlio find fault with 



the light. But, if we look in the glass 
and see a dirty face, we should not wash 
the mirror, but the face. And yet the 
journalist often holds up a convex or 
concave mirror. But the journal of to- 
day serves us with all the news of to-day 
at the breakfast table. It throws the 
light of publicity on all our acts, though 
often it invades private life, and devotes 
nuich space to crime which could be 
told in a paragraph. The newspaper is 
the nineteenth century bump of self-con- 
sciousness." G. F. 



Municipal Art Museums for the People. 




HERE has recentl\- been 
opened in Syracuse, X. Y.. a 
nuiseum of fine arts, for the 
support of which the citv has 
appropriated $to.ooo this 
year. There is to be an art 
Iniilding erected at Buffalo, 
and one is hoped for at Roch- 
ester. 

The giving of $10,000 from 
the fublic tax-levy to assist in 
maintaining a loan exhibition of paint- 
intrs is suijcestive, at least, that we in 
America ma^• hope that the value of art 
museums as public educators, which 
cities are bound to consider, will event- 
ually lie recognized here as it is in Eng- 
land. This fact has prompted some ex- 
amination of the status of nnmici])al art 
musetmis in England by a writer ui the 
New York Times. 

A recent English law favors greatly 
the establishment of municipal art gal- 
leries, classing them with the public li- 
braries as stipportable from the rates. A 
result of this is that the city gallery is 



to be expected almost as certainly as the 
city library. But it is to be observed 
that the law merely supplements private 
beneficence, not substituting public lar- 
gess for it. In Birmingham, for in- 
stance, where the gallery is very fine, in- 
cluding, jierhaps, the best pre-Raphaelite 
collection, the rates provide only for 
maintenance. The jiictures and other 
art objects have lieen either presented 
to the city, or have been ptirchased from 
one of two funds which are themselves 
the sum of many gifts. The one amounts 
to $100,000, and the interest alone is 
available ; the other is formed from pri- 
\ate subscriptions. 

Nearly all the galleries conduct special 
loan exhibitions from time to time. In 
Manchester a regular order has been 
adopted, in having always an exhibition 
of water-colors in summer, of oils in win- 
ter, of the work of the local artists in 
spring, and one of some special character 
in the autumn. The temporary exhibi- 
tions greatly enhance the instructive 
value of the gallery, and do nuich to 



II I-: \\( )kci-:s'ri':R macazi xk. 



131 



maintain its popularity. Manchester an- 
nually appropriates for the purchase of 
])ictures the same sum that Syracuse has 
i^iven for maintenance. There is no rc- 
(juirenient. however, that the $lo,ooo 
be spent each year, and the gallerv has 
accumulated from unexpended balances 
a reserve of several thousand pounds, 
to be available when exceptional oppor- 
tunities arise. 

Tn tlu'ir educational function these 
Juiolish city galleries are not entirel\- 
passive. There is little encouragement 
of copying, and privileges are seldom 
extended to pupils at the school of art 
which the public ma}' not also enjoy; 
but to reach and instruct the ptiblic a 
conscious effort is made. In the corpor- 
ation gallery at (dasgow important lec- 
tures have been given ; in Manchester 
the informal instruction of personal con- 
versation, by the curator or his assist- 
ants mingling with the stream of visitor-^. 
has been found efficacious. Birmingham 
])ins its faith on penny catalogues, these 
reaching such large sales that it is pos- 
sible to make them cjuite elaborate. 

A glimpse of the history of some nm- 
nicipal galleries may be of interest as 
showing their origin and growth. The 
citv of Leicester is n(jt much larger than 
Syracuse. Tw^enty years ago it was ])rob- 
ably smaller. .\t that time an alderman 
intimated his intention to give $2,500 
with a view to starting a gallery under 
the auspices of the School of Art. A few 
])nblic-s])irited geiUlemen met to talk the 
matter over, and decided to ])lace the 
scheme on a broader basis by ]nitting 
the pro])osed gallery in control of the 
Town Council, under the i)ublic library 
and nmseums act. The mayor a])])ealed 
to tin- public for funds, and about $12.- 
000 was ci )nti"il)Utcd. Tlien some valu- 
able pictures were given, and the gallery 
was o])ened as a corporate institution. 
It is maintained by a grant of about 
$2,000 a year from the nmseuni tax, and 
i-~ managx'il by a connnittee of seventeen. 
of whom nine are nienil)(.M-s df the Town 
Council. 

The Cit\- Art CalK'r\- of Manchester 



si)rang out of the old Royal Manchester 
Insti I tion. inaugurated at a public meet- 
ing in the ICxchange in 1823. -^ reso- 
lution was adopted at that time, "that 
the diffusion of a taste for the fine arts 
in this populous and opulent district, by 
establishing a collection of the best mod- 
els which can be obtained in painting 
and sculpture, and by opening a channel 
bv which the works of meritorious art- 
ists may be brought before the public, 
are objects highly desirable." The money 
was raised by subscrijjtion, those who 
gave 40 guineas being made "hereditary 
governors." those who gave 25 guineas 
being made life gowriiors. and those 
who gave 2 guineas being made annual 
governors. For years the Royal Insti- 
tution, as it was called for short, was 
closed for nine months of the vear. and, 
coming before the public with onlv an 
autunm exhilnti(^n, proved little more 
than a private concern. I'inallv. about 
twent}' years ago, in re^lKJnse to popu- 
lar interest, the trustees and the corpor- 
ation made an agreement. .\ new Hoard 
of Governors was chosen, in which the 
City Council had a two-thirds rej^resent- 
ation, the cit\- agreeing henceforth to 
maintain the gallery and to ai)propriate 
$10,000 a \ear for purchases for twent\" 
years. 

The Liver])ool and nirmingham gal- 
leries are nnich hner than either o\ the 
foregoing. A ver\ large nucleus for the 
one at Liverpool was a gift to the city 
fr, )m .^ir .\ndrew Walker. It i^ rich in 
])aintings and in drawings of the old sea- 
port that are coming to have local histor- 
ical \alue. Ihe Hirmingliani collection 
contains art objects of all kinds, as befits 
an industrial city, and the full list of gifts 
that have been made to it is most impres- 
sive. It should be said, however, that 
the governors by no means accept all 
that is offered. This gallery also dates, 
in its present form. fri>ni 18S0. when, 
through the great generosity of two cit- 
izens, a large fund was raised for the pur- 
chase of ])ictures. The present gallery 
cost $400,000, and the corporation is now 
putting up a new and larger building. 



Is Worcester Alive to These Facts? 




H[\\ Charles the First was 
king- there were but 5.000,000 
people in the world speaking 
the English language. Xow^ 
there are more than 120,000- 
000, three-fifths of them in 
the United States. Before 
the children of to-day die, 
there will be three times this 
vast number whose mother- 
tongue will be English. This means that 
the English-speakers are to possess the 
world, and that America will dominate 
the English-speaking peoples. 

The census experts tell us that the 
reports of this year will probably show 
the total wealth of the United States to 
be about $90,000,000,000. and that the 
increase since 1890 is greater than the 
total wealth of the country in i860. The 
capital invested in manufacturing is now 
over $10,000,000,000, or nearly four times 
as much as it was in 1880. only twenty 
years ago, and about $4,000,000,000 
more than in 1890, actual cash cai)ital in- 
vested. 

That America has already become su- 
preme in manufacturing, has been abun- 
dantly demonstrated. That we are ab- 
sorbing the markets of the world in 
many lines, is sufficiently apparent. It is 
well known that we are constantly gain- 
ing a surer foothold in (ireat Britain, 
the Gibraltar of manufacturing and com- 
merce. We need stimulus in this work, 
however, and illumination as well. 

"Every country and every class of so- 
ciety may find in the present industrial 
situation in Great Britain, and in the de- 
velopments which are impending in Brit- 
ish trade, the worknig out of great prob- 
lems which (luring the dawning centur}' 



will shape the weal or woe of nations," 
writes the London correspondent of the 
New^ York Sun. "Let it be said that the 
opportunity has now come for America 
to seize the greatest prize ever offered 
for the competition of nations. It is not 
news to the most enterprising men of 
commerce in the L'nited States that vast 
markets for American manufactures in 
Great Britain itself and in P)ritish hands 
abroad now lie at the mercy of American 
and German competition. It is not news, 
either, to the British manufacturers, who 
have already begun to suffer by this 
competition." 

A correspondent of the London Daily 
Xews writes : "There can be no getting 
away from this stern fact — American 
competition is asserting itself in every 
quarter of the globe, and is constantly 
gaining ground. Something of this is 
doubtless due to the aggressive energy 
of the representatives of American firms, 
but no amount of buncombe or self- 
commendation would avail for long un- 
supported by actual and unmistakable 
value in the articles offered. So, no mat- 
ter how we parry or fence or excuse, 
when we reckon the whole thing up, we 
are compelled to arrive at the conclusion 
that it nnist be by merit that American 
manufacturers stand where they do to- 
day — in the forefront of industrial 
achievement." 

In a recent speech in London Mr. Her- 
bert Asc[uith, a meml^er of I'arliament. 
while admitting that the prosperity of 
Great Britain was at present unprece- 
dented, asserted that England was not 
holding her own against Germany and 
the L^nited States, and that in half a cen- 
tury her position had changed from one 



THE \\()RCES'ri':i>i MACiAZIXE. 



133 



of suprcniac}' in trade to one of fio-litin,Q' 
for every inch of q'round in every inter- 
national market. 

The ()l)servant reader of newsj)a])ers 
finds sucli facts as these every day. If 
Worcester readers of newspapers are 
])uhhc-spirited as well as observant, they 
will ask themselves. Is Worcester in a 
])t)sition to enable her to met her full 



share of this splendid prosperit\- that is 
beinji- almost forced upon America? 

In a recent ma<Tazine article upon his 
city. Mayor Carter II. Harrison of Chi- 
ca,q() i)ithily says: "I'ut into the briefest 
space, the genius of this city is expressed 
in one word, I'USH." 

How is it with W'orcester? 



Dr. Hale's Works, and Other Books. 



The edition of the works of Rev. Dr. 
l-klward Everett Hale, which was 
plamied to be "complete. "has been con- 
cluded in ten volumes, without his trav- 
els, sermons or letters, leaving the way 
in\itingl\- open for another series, and 
finally a life and letters. Dr. Hale orig- 
inalK' intended to devote this tenth vol- 
ume to a selection of sermons. but failing 
to find the manuscript of some he wished 
to use, it was filled up with some verses, 
a sort of informal [>rccis of the then un- 
known hrench classic. "Xicolette and 
.•\ucassin," selections from editorial writ- 
ings, and some prose trities. The verses. 
Dr. llaU' says, were collected by lady 
friends, and the xolunie is, as a whole, 
nuich in the nature of a personal mes- 
sage to his literar\- friends: and for that 
reason it is a delightful solace for half- 
hours of mental neglige. The verses in 
this volume have the motto from the 
"'Memoir of I'rederick Ingham:"" '"If it 
were his duty to write verses, he wrote 
verses ; to fight slavers, he fought slavers: 
to write sermons, he wrote sermons: and 
he did one of these things with just as nuich 
alacrity as the other." This statement of 
duty fits Dr. Hale as exactly as it could 
possibly have fitted Tngham. and thes? 
ten volumes are the by-product of the 
devoted preacher and leader of men. His 



chief work was his church work, and 
until we get his sermons we shall not 
have the real essence of the man. Some 
day those will come, and it will be 
strange if there be not several volumes 
of them to be found in the work of fifty 
years. Dr. Cogswell once told Dr. Hale 
that a sermon was the expression of eter- 
nal truth in the language of to-day, for 
the purpose of to-day: that if it did this 
well its value for the time can not be 
overstated, but that precisely in propor- 
tion as it fitted the day well, it lost its 
\'alue for other da} s. Dr. Hale agrees 
with this, but there are so man)- souls 
anywhere from a year to a century behind 
theirtinie that the value of a good sermon 
endures long after its preacher has for- 
gotten that he ever thought its thoughts, 
lie once told r)eecher that he kept his 
manuscript sermons because a "man 
likes to know what he usetl to think,'" 
and it is certain that a great many ear- 
nest people belonging to more than one 
generation will be uplifted when tiiey 
read the thoughts Dr. Hale used to 
think : and we hope for the sermons. 
The volumes of this series are filled with 
stories, essays, and the one novel. 
"Philip Xolan's I'riends."' To renew ac- 
quaintance with these is a delight not 
to be easih- irauged or lightlv liounded 



134 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE, 



in words. One critic says, "One is con- 
scious of wondering admiration for work 
so powerful and so varied, although in 
reality only the diversions of an arduous 
profession eagerly and assiduously fol- 
lowed. These are what one man may 
do in his leisure, while another is shriek- 
ing for all Macedonia to come over and 
help him do half as much in his hours of 
labor." Such work as is in these volumes, 
by such a man as Dr. Hale, being the 
surplus, or by-product, of his rich and 
leading life, can not be criticised — can 
only be appreciated. If these books 
could be at hand, and frequently read, in 
every family, what a boon it would be 
to society — sweet, sane, wholesome, in- 
spiring, enlightening, broadening, devel- 
oping, educating, uplifting as thev are. 
Little, Brown & Co., Boston. 

In "Expansion," by Rev. Josiah 
Strong, there is much to be found that is 
useful and informing, and there is like- 
wise much that can not be agreed with 
or commended. Dr. Strong wrote a 
book upon "{ )ur Country," some years 
ago, which has had a great vogue, and 
has sold nearly as well as some of the 
recent romantic and bucolic novels. This 
success set his pen industrially a-going. 
A second book. "The Xew Era," sold 
less than one-third as well, and a third, 
"The Twentieth-Century City," sold less 
than one-third as well as the second. In 
his preface Dr. Strong alludes to twenti- 
eth-century conditions as being "new in 
the history of the world," which concern 
the United States in particular, and 
writes the book, he says, "in the lig-ht 
of these new conditions." As a matter 
of fact, there are no new twentieth-cen- 
tury conditions : only the revelation of 
the process of development of conditions 
that have been operative since the world 
and man were. It is not useful to con- 
vey to the public mind an idea that "con- 
ditions" are every now and then in the 
hahh of turning a somersault, thereby 



starting progress ofif on a new tangential 
pathway, toward new goals by new pro- 
cesses. Such a view of history or devel- 
opment is insane and untrue, as well as- 
being unscientific and unchristian. To 
prepare the way for his theories. Dr. 
Strong devotes a chapter to "The Ex- 
haustion of ( )ur Arable Public Lands," 
to show that because most of the arable 
public lands have passed out of the gov- 
ernment's hands, "the energ\- and capital 
which heretofore have been devoted to 
developing a continent will now be 
turned in other directions." How can 
such an argument and conclusion stand, 
when it is considered that if the energy 
and capital of the country were to be ex- 
clusively devoted to the development of 
the continent the first essential step' 
would be to take from government own- 
ership all the public arable lands? Such 
a false premise destroys not only faith 
in Dr. Strong's argument, but in- 
terest as well. In fact, the book, which 
is an essay of about 40.000 words padded 
to the size of a book, seems to have been 
hastily thrown together to i)rofit by a 
temper of the pul)lic mind. Its arguments 
and conclusions seem strained, insuffi- 
cient and hasty; though it is not unlike- 
ly that I )r. Strong's idea, that the rest 
of American greatness will ultimately es- 
tablish itself upon the I^acific coast, may 
some day be realized. The Baker & 
Taylor Company, Xew York. 

The subject of trusts is in the mouths 
of all the people. There is much talk 
about them, but little knowledge. The 
more knowledge the greater the anxiety. 
With all the discussion,- what conclu- 
sion is there except that trusts are an 
outgrowth of the process of national de- 
velopment, and must be endured until 
such time as, by their own ojieration, 
they prove inadequate and unwise, and 
so die? Nearly all the great trusts have 
been established within the past four 
years. The notable excepticMi is the 



II 



W ( )lUi:S ri-.R Al Ai.AZI XE, 



135 



Standard nil r()ni])any. whicli has ex- 
isted eigliteen years. There is niucli con- 
fusion of thought about trusts. It is 
difificuh to ])erceive wliat can l)e done to 
liiuit them, unless we turn directly to 
strict socialism, in practice, and we are 
scarceh' ])re])are(l for that. .Mr. W illiam 
Miller Collier, in his preface to "■'riie 
Trusts: Wdiat can we do with them? 
^^'hat can they do for us?" says, 
"There can be no doubt that the trusts 
are filled with great dangers to oiu' in- 
dustrial, social and ])olitical S)steiu.'" 
One is tempted to exclaim, in the street 
slang of a few years ago. ""( )h, I don't 
know." There are trusts that demoralize 
business and defraud the i:)eople : there 
are indi\iduals, firms and corjjorations 
that do so also. The Standard ( )il cnm- 
pan\-. for exam])le, has saved the com- 



mon ])eopie of this country a vast 
amount of money, and it is not easy 
to imagine what betterment would re- 
sidt if its business were to be conducted 
by a hundred corporations. Mr. Collier 
admits that ■"such organizations are 
necessities in the present condition of 
.\merican industries."" He sees danger 
in trusts becoming monopolies, and be- 
lieves the most efficient — "the greatest, 
the speediest, and the most efficient" — 
remed\- is i)ul)licity. .So we welcome his 
book, and heartily reconmiend it. with- 
out attem])tiug to estimate or criticise it, 
upon the eminently sensible ground he 
urges, that consideration is needed in 
l)lace of denunciation or action or legis- 
lation : in(|uiry instead of dogmatic dom- 
ineering. The Ikaker <K: Taylor Co.. Xew 
^■ork. C. l-\ 



The League of American Municipalities. 

Its OiiiECTs .\xi) Bkxkfits. 



The League of American Arunicipali- 
ties represents the first and only united 
effort on the part of city officials in all 
de])artments to study the various and 
complex (juestions inxolvcd in municipal 
administration with a view to giving 
their constituents the very best of ])ublic 
service bv the most ajjproved metluxls 
and at the lowest cost to the tax-])ayers. 

The league furnishes the organization 
necessary for the proper protection of 
municipalitiesagainst the encroachments 
of i)rivate contractors ami corj^orations. 
Through this organization fair dealing 
between munici])al and private corpora- 
tions may be secured, with proi)er pro- 
tectionof the interests and rights of both. 

The league ])rovides for ma\i)rs and 
council members, most of whom have 
but a limited time to devote to their offi- 
cial work, a ready and convenient means 
for securing reliable information pertain- 
ing to (|uestions upon which they must 
act for their munici])alities. 



The league ])rovides for the heads of 
all municipal de])artments an economical 
and i)r{)mi)t method for the interchange 
of their experiences and ideas. Methods 
of securing im])ro\etl public service are 
coiumuuicated from the departments of 
one numicipality to the corresponding 
departments of others. 

The league is com])osed exclusively 
of cit\ officials, who are in a i)osition to 
studv and discuss nuiuici])al problems 
from a ])ractical standi)oint. Real mu- 
nicipal reform must come through the 
efforts of men whose exjierience as city 
officials gives them a correct view of the 
conditions and obstacles that nuist be 
met, and enables them to formulate prac- 
tical instead of theoretical plans. 

The league is not a social organization, 
nor does it exist for the selfish i)uri)ose 
of advancing the business or j)rofessional 
interests of individuals: its work is ex- 
clusively to advance public interests ; to 
improve the conditions of urban life. 



136 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZIXE 




BANK BUILDING, ii rL'SitR SiRntT. 

OFFICERS. 

Presidevt. RUFUS B. FOWLER. Vice-President. ROGER F. UPHAIL 

Treasurer. GILBERT K. RAND. Secretary, CHARLES E. 



^OUIER. 



Directors. 



Henry F. Harris, 
Francis H. Dewey, 
Hon. E. B. Craxe, 
H.\RLAN P. Duncan, 
Lyman A. Ely, 



WiLiXAM Hart. 
Ir\tng E. Comins. 
Edwin P. Curtis. 
Roger F. Upham, 
Geo. W. Macrixtire. 



Milton P. Higgins. W. M. Spaulding. 
John C. MacIn*nb5, Edw. M. Woodw.^rd, 
John R. Back. William H. Blodget, 

Hon. C. G. Washburn, J.ames H. Whittle, 
RuFus B. Fowler, William H. Inman. 



Clerk of t/u- Corporation, H. Ward Bates. 



Auditor. CH.VRLES A. Chase. 



Chairmen of 

Membership, Wllliam W. Johnson. 
Ways and Means, Milton P. Higgins. 
Manufactures, Hon. Chas. G. W.\shbur.n. 
Mcctin^^s and Receptions^ Hen~ry F. Harris. 
Mercantile Affairs, John C. MacIxnes. 
Transportation and Railroads^Y.. P. Curtis. 



Committees. 

Statistics and Information, G. W. Macklntire. 
Arbitration, Lyman A. Ely. 
Legislation, Hon. Ellery B. Crane. 
Xew Enterprises, Harlan P. Duncan. 
Municipal Affairs, Edward M. Woodwakd. 
Taxation and Insurance. Roger F. Upham. 



Board ot Trade Notes. 



The "smoke-talk" by Dr. Mendenhall 
on Januar}- 17th was well attended, and 
the speaker remarked that he felt com- 
plimented by the quality of his audience, 
as well as by its size. The subject was : 
"Some Thing's Xew and Old about the 
Telephone." and the numerous ques- 
tions put to the speaker at the close of 
his address showed the interest of his 
hearers. 

The many commendations of the Jan- 
uar\- number of the Worcester ^Iaga- 
ziNE are ver\" gratifying'. A kind word 
of generous appreciation for what one 
tries to do. even if he fail, is pleasant, 
and encourages to a more strenuous ef- 
fort for the next attempt: "It blessetli 
him that gives and him that takes." Each 
member of the Doard can aid the maga- 
zine bv suggesting ways for its improve- 
ment : being considerate of its short- 
comings, and especially by generously 
supporting its advertising columns, for 
our advertising helps "pay the printer." 

The Worcester ^Iagazine is not 

published for pleasure or profit; but to 
promote the work of the Worcester 



Board of Trade in being helpful to the 
city and in creating a public spirit among 
her citizens. Worcester needs many 
things, but her greatest need is public 

spirit. 

The secretary- has canvassed most of 
the large manufacturers and business 
houses with the petition of the Board for 
a better sleeping-car serv-ice with Xew 
York. If you have not signed. caU at 
the Board of Trade rooms and sign. 

The Board has forwarded a resolution, 
reported by the Committee on Legisla- 
tion, in support of the amendments to 
the inter-state commerce act. and em- 
bodied in Senate Bill Xo. 1439. known 
as the Cullom bill. 

The Committee on Railroads and 
Transportation report favorable consid- 
eration by the railroad officials of the at- 
tempt of the Board for better train serv- 
ice betA\een Worcester and Xew \ ork. 

The increase of postal business inci- 
dent to the hoHdays and X'ew Year's has 
interfered with the work of the special 



Ill-: \\()Kcj-:sti-:r m.\(,azi.\e 



137 



committee on the early morniniL:;- (leliver\- 
in New York of Worcester mail matter, 
but it expects to report progress soon. 

The report of the special ctimmittee on 
the iJevens statue was deferred until 
the L'ebruary meeting' of the directors. 
The feeling is gaining force that Worces- 
ter can honor itself by the erection of 
the proposed statue of General Devens. 

Communication has been sent to our 
senators and rej)resentatives in Congress 
expressive of the interest of the I>oard 
in building up our merchant marine. 

A special committee has under advise- 
ment several plans for "advertising \\'or- 
cester." Even those who believe that 
"good wine needs no l)ush." should not 
object to our advertising that tlie wine 
is good. 

The next smoke-talk will be held in 
Roard of Trade hall, Feb. 21st. on "Puli- 
lic Parks and the Park System of Wor- 
cester," in charge of James Draper, park 
conuuissioner. .As ustial, a social lioiu" 



will be spent after the talk, with light 
lunch in the directors' room. These 
talks are for the benefit of the members, 
and the "benefit" can be had free by 
simply coming. 

The exhibit of "foreign samples" from 
the Philadelphia Commercial Museum, 
held for a week at the P.oard of Trade 
rooms, beginning I-'eb. 4th, was a verv 
interesting exhibit, and impressed the 
visitor l)y its large variety. Goods were 
shown of every conceivable kind, from 
carpets and machetes to clock and cork- 
screws, used in the trade of ncarlv everv 
country on the globe, with the place of 
manufacture and price attached, and 
soiue made in England and (iermanv 
were prominently marked "American 
manufacture." The association of the 
Board of Trade with the Philadelphia 
Conuncrcial Museum and Bureau of In- 
formation can be made of great value to 
W^orcester manufacturers who desire to 
cultivate a foreign trade, and they are 
urged to confer with the secretary 
about it. 



Big Work tor Hoards of Trade. 



In a recent speech Hon. John A. 
Kasson. special commissioner to nego- 
tiate commercial treaties, presented what 
he considers "the inherent vice of our 
representative electoral system." which 
he l)rietly defined as a too exclusi\-el\ , 
purely political allegiance. 

He proposed a remedy, which is that 
provisions of special bills bearing upon 
trade relations should be submitted to 
an im|)artial board of exi)erienced and 
intelligent business men for their criti- 
cism. He pro])osed that the leading 
chambers of conuuerce and boards of 
trade of the country should devise the 
means for tlie creation of such a board 
thoroughl} representative of the com- 
mercial, industrial and agricultural inter- 



ests of the country, with an able man as 
secretary, who should have an office at 
tlie national capital, so that he could be 
the medium of quick conuuunication be- 
tween his inuuediate constituency and 
the goxernment touching all matters of 
legislative and executive action affecting 
their interests. The representative board, 
he said, could also lead in suggesting 
measures promotive of the general wel- 
fare, and would be in a position to fur- 
nish complete practical information de- 
sired by officials for their guidance, and 
act as a centre for combined action of 
trade and industrial interests in all parts 
of the country whenever occasion might 
demand it. 



138 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE, 



J. W. Bishop, Pics. W. T. Bishop, \'ice-Pres. H. N. Leach, Treas. Geo. E. Hussey, Sec'y. 



J. W. Bishop Co. 



General ^ 

Contractors 



Bank, Store 
and Office 

Fittings. 

Cabinet Work 
and 

Architectural 

lron=Work. 







And Manufacturers 
of All Kinds of 

First= 
Class 
Interior 
Finish. 



Residence of F. W. Carpenter, Providence, R. I, 
C'lirrcre & Hastings, Architects. 



®fficc0 anb ifactor^, 107 jTostcr Street, (Kllorcester, flDass. 

Providence, R. I., No. 417 Butler E.xchange. Boston, Mass., No. 40S Exchange Building. 

Montreal, P. (^, No. 34 Canada Life F?uilding. 

Q. H. Cutting & Company, ^Sn'st^Sction. 



WORCESTER, MASS. J* Boston Office, 64 Federal Street. 







J' 




Farnunglon .\\enue L nugrey alional (_liurch, liarltoni, C'>nii. l*,rTiest I' iagg, ^Arcnittct, .New \'orl\ 



Till'. WOKCRSTER MAGAZINE, 



139 




JKff- 



V 



.ii^ 



■*"ll ^^^ ' 



r' 








BREWER 

c^ CO. 



'tr 



Formerly BUSH & CO. 

(Ubolesale and 
Retail Druggists, 

.">H l-'KOX'l- .STKKKT, 

AVOHC'K.'^TEn, M A.SSi. 



JEROME 
MJRBLE ^ CO., 



.iGoeton anD "miorcestcr. 



..Oils, Starches, Dyestuffs, 

FAIN IS AND PAINTERS' SUI'PLIES. 

THE PROCTER & (i AM RLE CO. 



ACiENTS- 



THE HARKNESS & C.WVING CO. 



RED OILS 



Norcross & Company, 



(ArTHL K W". N'ORCKOSS.) 



Contractors and Builders. 



LARGE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE WORK A SPECIALTY. 



GENERAL OFFICES: 

183 Essex St., Boston. 1001 Main St., Worcester. 

LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE. 



^he "Bust; Corner. M M 

FOOT BY FOOT 

The ( )vercoats luive been growiui; longer, and dollar by 
dollar we've been clipping off the price. There are .still 
prizes here in all lengths; if you buy a short one it will be 
long enough — before vou find another such bargain. Dark 
O.xfords and Smooth. Rich Kersevs. There is still a choice. 

From $2 to $6 saved on every Garment. 

TjjJ^ V^ «*^ 

2). H. E^MES CO., 

Main and Front Streets. 




140 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



THE INfSlJKAJfCK OFFICE OF . . . 

^WASHBURNy WIL^I^IS, GREB:XB <«r BATES 

\V'AS ESTABLISHED IN 1843. 

Wc make tlie Insurance of Manufacturing Plants a specialty. Sprinkler rates furnished. Employers' 
Liability Insurance. Steam Boiler and Use and Occupancy Insurance. Only the oldest and most 
responsible companies represented. 40.5 MAIN .ST., ^VORCESTER. 




ORCESTER MUTUAL 
FIR eInSUR ANCE CO. 



377 MAIN STREET 

WORCESTER. 

HilJ:hest g'rade of Mutual Fire In- 
surance. Established 75 years, with a 
steady, handsome dividend record for 
policy holders. 



Tatman & 

xaXi^f ♦ ♦ ♦ 



R. James Taxman. 
Geo. a. Park. 



IH0. 410 flDam Street, IRoom IRo. 2. 
'Cclepbonc. 320=5. . . . 



.WORCESTER, MASS. 



We give prompt personal attention to every detail. 
Your patronage is respectfully solicited. 



Established 1855. 



Incorporated 1S94. 



L. HARDY COMPANY, 

Machine Knives 

OF ALL KINDS. DIE and 
. . . PLATED STOCK. 

9 Mill Street, Worcester, Mass. 

H. G. BARR & CO., 

ConoWairA Speeial /IDaebincrv 

OCnalllVc «^ v^ an^ jFme TTools 

Drilling Machines, Long Dl^^t'TeV 

51 Union Street, "Worcester, Mass. 



J. II. Washburn, Pres. C. S. Chai-in, Sec. & Treas. 

Washburn & Garfield Manufacturing Co., 

Wholesale and Retail Dealers in 

WROUGHT IRON and BRASS PIPE. 

Steam, Gas and AVater Supplies. Mechanical 
and Heating Engineers. Steam Construction. 

Foster Street, Worcester, Mass. 



CHAS. E. CVRANT. 

FIRE i:XSURANCE, 

!Stai-e MlTtTAl, BiiLDixj. WOKC'EfSTEK. 



flDawbinne^ Xast Co. 



Manufacturers of 



Boot and Shoe 

J^ Lasts, 

Jfactorg, JBrochton, /IRass. JSoston ©tfice, 
5(3 Xincoln St., IRoom 2). 

S. PORTER & CO,, 

Last Manufacturers, 

No. 25 Union St., Worcester. 

Boston Office, iS; Essex .St.. Room 703. 



R. L. GOLBERT, ^ 



Manufacturer of 



LASTS. 

Factory, 19 Church Street, Worcester, Mass. 



Boston Office, 59 Lincoln Street, cor. Essex. 



THE WORCESTER MACAZIXE. 141 

A Good Ad 

Is the "R^esult of Good 
TalK and Good Printing 



yinother Good Ad 

Example: 

Attractiveness 
Originality 
Effectiveness 
Good Paper 
Good Presswork 



SA TISFA C TIOJV 

— The Result 



F. S. Blanchard 6 Co. 

Good Printers 

Number Thirty=Four Front St. 



142 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



Collins ^ Soutbwortb, 




The Preble Improved 
Cushioned Boot 

Is just what Ladies of to-day 
should wear, that is, if the ladies 
wish to keep their feet nat- 
ural shape, as our boots are 
made on lasts that allow the 
foot to have its natural shape, 
and therefore sjivinij all comfort 
that can jiossihly be had in a 
hoot. They tit most feet and fit 
them perfectly. 

Price $3.50. 

Also Oxfords, $2,00. 

In Men's we have tlie 

Forbush Cushion Shoe 

Price, $5.00, 

And the same can be said for 
Men's that has been said of 

Ladies'. 



Franklin Square 
Shoe Store, 



533 Main St. 



D 



O'NT Forget to come and see ^ 

us when in need of a pair of *^^ 

^ SHOES. 

Full Line of Ladies', Men's 
Misses' and Children's. . . . 



FELIX ST. AMOUR & CO., 

128 Front Street, 0pp. Trumbull, Worcester. 
Tull line of Packard's Shoes for men Only. 

Hotel du Nord, 

MARTIN TRUL50N, Prop. 

^?* ^^ ^* t,^* ^^* 
American and European Plans. 

39, 41, 43 Summer Street, 

WORCESTER, MASS. 



HEBBEBT HALL 

A Home for tfie Care and Treatment of 
Persons Afflicted with Mental Diseases. 



For Terms, Etc., Address 

MERRICK BEMIS, M. D„ HERBERT HALL, 
Assistant Physician, John M. Bemis. 

Salisbury Street, ^ Worcester. 

Xllnion Xaun^ll> 

and Clean Towel Supply. 

7-15 Prescott St. 

A\'e are prepared, after years of experience and experi- 
menting, to do laundry work as it ouglit to be done, and if 
you want your work done in a superior manner by practical 
and experienced hands, send it to us, as our work is second 
to none in the country. You will find less wear and tear, 
and we think better work, than you have ever had done 
before. 

Our Clean Towel Supply is by far the best in the city. 
We were the first to introduce it and have never allowed 
anyone to surpass us in quality or service. 



Telephone 934-3. 



D. A. Scott, J. H. Dawson, 

Proprietors. 



J. S. Wesby & Sons 
Good Bookbinding 



At Reasonable Prices. 



(^* 5^* t^* v^ ^* 



3$7 main Street, « so foster Street, 

Worcester, Mass. 



Choice .... 
Building Lots 

Stephen Salisbury, 



In the vicinity of Insti- 
tute Park, Wor. Art 
Museum, Polytechnic 
Institute, also Massa- 
chusetts Avenue, Rut- 
land Terrace, etc. . . . 



9 Main Street, 







Worcester 



Kstablished 1S71. 



C. REBBOLI & SON, 

Confectioners and Caterers, 

444 Main Street, Worcester. 

I-ong Distance Telephone Connection. 



THE \VOKc;i':STER M A ( 1 A Z I X I- 



143 




listablishcil 1S71. Incorporated iSSS. 

HARRINGTON & RICHARDSON ARMS CO., 

/iDamifacturcrs of 

FIF^HARMS. 

Descriptive Catalogue on request. WORCESTER, MASS., U. S. A. 



Buffinaton 




Pbarmacy 

Co. 



WHOLESALE 

and 
RETAIL. 



300 and 306 main Street, Ulorcester. 



Graton 6 Knight Mfg. Co. 

TANNERS AND MAKERS OF 

OAK LEATHEK. 'BELTING 

WORCESTER, MASS. 

Send for Desiriptivf ( ir.iilais. < apital, .^l.OOO.OOd 
Estalilislicil Is.M. 



Z\)C Bancroft Scbool 

93 Elm Street. 

ADVISORY COMMITTEE. 

Mr. Philip W. Moen. Mks. y. Russei. Marble. 

Mr. George F. Blake, Jr. Mrs. John R. Thaver. 
Dr. David Hakroweu. Mrs. Frank R. Smith. 

A complete English an<l Classical School for girls aiul 
boys of all ages. 

.Modern Languages in elementary grades. 

Kindergarten, primary, intermediate, college prepara- 
tory departments. 

School hours, S.45 to i o'clock. 

THE INDIVIDUAL IS THE UNIT. 

For i-:it.iliiL;u<-' nr iiit' ■riii.il i. jii, .idilre->> tin- lu-:iil-inaster, 

Frank H. Robson. 78 Elm St. 

YOU'LL SEE OUR FINISH 

Is Superior to All Others. At the 

Bay State Laundry^ 

WILLIAM II. ILVLCOM, Prop. 

FINE COLLAR AND CUFF 

. . . WORK A SPECIALTY. 



Work called for and Delivered Free. 
J 7 Church Street, Worcester, Mass. 

TELEPHONE. 



Ben. J. Bernstrom 



> 




Undertaker 



and 



Embalmer, 




Funeral Cjoods such as Coffins, Caskets, .Name 
Plates and Robes constantly on hand. Everything 
pertaining to Funerals promptly attended to. 

^3» ^T% V^ 

©fficc, Ularcrooms and Residence. 
113 Thomas Street, Worcester. 

Justice of the Peace. Telephone. 



Successor;- !■ 
Fi.sKE Brothers. 



Cbe Tiske 
Bill Posting €o., 

S' A 



DISPLylY 
DVE'KTISING. 



Bill Posters, Distributers, Sign and 
^< .J* ^* Bulletin Advertisers. 



47 Ulaldo Street, 



Ulorcester. 



3 AY STATE HOUS E, 

. . . lUorccstcr, /iva^ti. . . . 

Ladies' and Gentlemen s Caje. 

KKAN'lv 1'. lJl»U'<iI^V!SS, I'UOIMIIKTOK. 

(Graduated Prices. First-Class in everv respect. 



St. Mill Th.iled Th 



ii.'h.nit. 



14-1 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



6'='^^S5W>^^^t>S=^^5^ ^^^^35=^^7 







"^^ 



WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS T?a 

^. . MANUFAaUPERsAGENT5 

^""^^ 5EEDS \y^. 

Fertilizers f^t^^^MSMXJM^W^'i 



GRASS 



ALLTME LATEST IHP 

i FarmMachihe 



D 



Specialt/ 



PuMP5 Ere. 



90692 Front St. "-^^^^pr"- 

WORCESTER-MASS. 



d^'^^S^^^^^^^^^J^^c^SS^^^^^J^^::^^^ 






Sanford=Sawtelle Co., 



e^-^ 



Booksellers, Stationers. 



Blank-Book Manufacturers. Typewriters and Supplies. 



310 Main Street, >2/ 



^ Worcester. 








^peei.lt.es.e^^ K 



-*^ 



hferio'" , 



PER 5t •^AVVA»«IZED JRON V/ORK. 
Cornjce,-&^yu-Ohts.Venth.ators.Finjals. 

Eaves. Troush, Conductor Pipe 



Phone 
754-4 



Cor. Blackstone and Charles Sts., Worcester, Mass. 



State Mutual Life 
Assurance 
Company, 



TVorcester^ Mass. 



Incorporated 1844. 



^: 



WS^^Si^^&^&^SS^^&^&^iS^ 



Assets, . . $17,777,848.41 
Liabilities, . 15,924,344.76 

Surplus, . . $1,853,503.65 






A. G. Bullock, President. H. M. Witter, Secretary. 



Jpcmmw 



CO 

K Q 

^ CO 

Q 

O 

z 




Ji* 



• s 



t^ 



m^'Mm 



AGENCY 



Of the £ocomobiie" Company 

OF AME.RICA. 

BIRNELY A. ROBINSON, 

Selling Agent for Eastern Massachusetts. 

671-673 Main St, 

Worcester, Mass. 




w 



Ijhe jOoeomoblle 



Has Important Featufes that are 
Superior to any other Horseless 
Carriage oa the market 



eanidgei 
Repaired, 
Rented, 
Stabled. 




THE WORCESTER 
MAGAZINE 



THE UlBRARV OF 

CONGRESS, 
Twu CoHiKB Recsivf.o 

MAR. 25 1901 

COPYHI&HT ENTRY 
CLASS XXc. N*. 

COPY B. 



MARCH 
1901 



DEVOTED TO 

(Boob C(tf3cnsbtp anb flftunfcfpal Development 

WORCESTER. MASS. 



You jlfea^iire 
a Man 



HOU measure a man in a thousand 
ways — his every movement and 
expression, his clothes, the way 
I he wears them, the things he buys, 

the paper he reads, the tip of his hat. You 
have a scale for them all. Has it occurred to 
you that YOU are being measured by the 
printing matter you are sending out? Old, 
out-of-date type, poor paper, and poorer 
presswork, and badly arranged display, will 
give the lie to all the nice things you say 
about your goods. Now, isn't that so? 

If you want character — the best char- 
acter — you kno^v what you need. 



F. S. Blanchard & Co. 

Printers, Designers, 34 Front Street. 



T 1 1 1^: w c ) R c li: s T h: R m a g a z i n i-: . 



145 



0'i^J^^ttiiJ^Wi^^4WtiJ^iMit'MMWMii'^^MMi'^^^^ 



1 
i 



I 




WORKS OF 



I F. E. REED COMPANY, Worcester, Mass. 

I MANUFACTURERS OF MACHINE TOOLS. | 



Q /*/•/«/#; 



^•-•^•^•^ 



^ 



$ Stone & Foster Lumber Co., 1 



Corner Central and Union Streets^ 
e^ «^ Worcester, Mass. 



WE CARRY A LARGE STOCK OF 



NORTHERN, WESTERN 
^.< and SOUTHERN 



Xumbcr, 



I 



BOTH KILN-DRIED AND AIR-DRIED. 



Our prices and grades are right and we solicit your business. 






146 



THE W(3RCESTER MAGAZINE. 



Cr ompton <S Kno^wles 
Loom Works 



WORCESTER, MASS. 



'Branch Wor'K.s, 

'Providence, R. I, 




■w^ 





-i:r.i;4i;|;;:::;;''»SSf.r. 







CROMPTON II KNOWLES LOOM WORKS. 
WORCESTER MASS US*. 




Knowles Fancy Worsted Loom. 



Looms 
Jacquards 
Dobbies 
Combs 



The Worcester Magazine 



CONTENTS FOR MARCH, igoi. 



WORCESTER I^.OARD ol' TRADl-: CLKK CLUB 

THINGS NOW IN Till-: ITBLIC MIND 

THE GREAT BOOM I'OR MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP 
ADVANTAGES OF MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP . 
DIFFKTLTIES IN THE WAY OF IMLNICIPAI. OWNERSIIII 

reml'n1':ration to cithcs for I<^RANCHISFS . 

POLITICS IN CITY ELECTION^ 

PARTIES AND PARTISANSHIP IN CITY ELECTIONS . 
LESSONS OF THI-: WORCESTER CFFY ELECTION 

THE BOARD OF 'IRADK GLEE CLUB 

A PLEA FOR HOME TRADING 

BOARD OF TRADE NOTES 

WARM WORDS ABOUT NEW YORK CITY .... 



Frontispiece 
Page I 63 
168 
172 
176 
178 
•79 
185 
186 
189 
190 
191 
193 



Terms: $2.00 a year ; single copies, 20 cents. For sale by newsdealers. Published by the 
Board of Trade of Worcester, Mass., and printed by F. S. Blanchard tV Co. Committee on 
Publication, Rufus B. Fowler, G. Stanley Hall, Irving E. Comins. Address all communications 
to II Foster street, Worcester. Board of Trade Rooms. Copyright 1901 b}- Worcester Board of 
Trade. 



^// f^ 




f J/^J f C'^U 








148 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



STANDARD FOUNDRY COMPANY 



Iron Founders. 

Special attention ^iven to tlie 
Manufacture of Hiifli Grade 

Machinery Castings. 



TAINTER AND GARDNER STREETS, WORCESTER, 



GeoT. Blake Jr.&Co. 




Iron and 
Steel. 



Heavy Hardware. 
Structural Steel. 
Sole Agents for Duplex Joist 
Hangers, Carriage Makers' 
and Blacksmiths' Supplies. 



Cwo telephones, 



nOS. 524 and 1160. 



Junction of Bridge, 
Mechanic and Foster Sts., 



WORCESTER, MASS. 



A. S. MlLLEK, Jk., Treasurer. 



K. II. Bkow.n, Chief Enyineer. 



Eastern Biiil,^e and Structural Co. . . . 



Engineers, Contractors and 
Manufacturers of .. .. 

Steel 

Stvuctuval 

Mork 



of eucry 
Description. 



Steel and Tron frame iUork 

FOR BUILDINGS. ROOFS. RAILROAD 
AND HIGHWAY BRIDGES. 

Plans and estimates furnislied. Write us. 

General Offices: 5$ TfOnt St., UlOfCeSter, IHflSS. 

Works licside traeks of Fitchburfj and IJ.iV M. Railroads, 
Worcester, Mass. 



Till': \\'orcesti-:r aiacaztxr. 



141t 






Ibattgc of llotbing. 



Medium= Weight Overcoats. 

The Choicest Fabrics and Latest Colorings, in X'icuna. 
Melton, Undressed Worsted and Covert 



S8, S10, S12, S15, S18, S20, S25, S28. % 



I IT IS TIME TO ,*J' 
jj J-^ CONSIDER A 

^^ We are Showing Rare Values in 

i\\ 
<•> 
t\\ 
Vfi 
'S^ 

/»> 

/»> 

/»> ^ 

/)> Our Range of Suitings for Early Spring Wear was never more complete. Special ^ 

ij- care has been triven to our lines of ^ 

I VICUNA, UNDRESSED WORSTED and CLAY DIAGONAL, | 

<1^ lit 

/»> Suitable for dress purposes. Xo such goods for the price anywhere in New England. \t/ 

I $15, $18, $20, $22, $25. | 

i Ware, Vratt Co,, '"""VZZ. .... | 

$ STATE MUTUAL BUILDING. t 



C. W. CLAFLIN & CO. 



kA^»i4^ik«^b.4^».l^bA^b^ 



^ 



\\ holesale 
and Retail 
DialcM'S ill 



.\nthracite 

and 
Hituiiiinous 

Coal, 



^ 




^■■^i' 



* 



Coal Pockets, 
i; Ciratton 
Street. 

Coal and 

W ood "\ ai'd, 

_:;oi 

Shrew shuiN 

Street. 



^ 



CiK.NKKAI. ( )| 1 K K, 

37S N[AiN srRi;i,r, worcesti-r, mass. 















] 






\qL 






apphire 
Corsets 

- Bon Ton 

r ^ corsets 

Bonlbti. 

Ro}al \\'orcester 
Corsets 

Fir al Tj^ — r^ if irsiiiz sir zn^ ^sro^s: -- i^iu - 





^1 



-iUCV.— 'Hi-^ TT _i^ ss» ~^ 







A/ irr^ss- SFz s .- -. : z..^.:./--~rT- if - iirr " si rir S^IE " ^^ 



Boston Store, 



^ irrstHjer. Was*. ^ 



THE \voRci:sri:i>L .ma(.a/i xi-. 



151 



EMERY WHEEL MACHINERY. 



NORTON 



EMERY 



WHEELS 



NORTON EMERY WHEEL GO. 

WORCESTER, MASS., U, S, A. 



p lung er Ele vator Co., 



Safe, Long-Lived, Economical, 
High-Speed Passenger Eleva- 
tors a Specialty 




Hydraulic Plunger 

LEVATORS. J^ 



BARBELL'S, 



OFFICE AND FACTORY. 

^ ^ WORCE^STCR, MASS 



F. H. POWERS, 



Telephone 37<)-3. 



Wholesale and Retail 
Dealer in 



CO^L 



AND MASONS' 
MATERIALS. 



Wilkesbarre Coal Especially Prepared for Family Use, New River Steam and George's Creek Coal. 

•• lloilinan, " KhmiuIuU-, All;i>Aiiui it an, Knglisli ami (icrin.in, I'orllaiul Crinciil.s. 
Cobb's Lime, Follefs I.iim-, Firo Brick. Kirc Clay, Flui- Liniii^j, Kaolin, Hair and 
Calcined Pl.isler, Mortar Colors, Oram Pipe. 



Office and Yard, 20 Southgate Street, Worcester, Mass. 



152 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 





mTa/ifific^oc^m 




^^=^^ AVIRE. == 

W I H I : V\x )TH. I *( )r I ;i RY X kttin( i. 
^ViRE I.ATHixci. Screws. 

I^iVETs. Staples. LiiDDEi 



\\'l»H<.K?<TKK, >rA>i,>^. 



C'nifA<;o. 111. 



1 *A I,-M KK". M A.-i> 



GOES WRENCH COMPANY, 



MANUFACTURERS OF 




PATENT SCREW 



WRENCHES. 



WORCESTER. MASS. 



I WORCESTER 
i MACHINE 
I SCREW CO., 



STANDARD 
SCREW CO. 
SUCCESSORS. 



Manufacturers of 



5 STUDS FOR STEAM ENGINES 
§ PUMPS, ETC. 

S Worcester, Mass. 



SET, CAP AND MACHINE 

SCREWS 



IN IRON, STEEL AND BRASS. 




EsT.MiLISUED 1S50. 



LORING GOES 
& GOMPANY, 



(Incokpor.^ted. ) 



Machine Knives. 

Difficult HardeniiiiJ; 
and Tempering 
a Specialty. 



Works : 
Cor. Coos and Mill Sts. 



Box 12 
Station B. 



^VORCESTER, MASS., U. S. A. 




^/ 




THI-: wo RCH ST 1:R MA(iAZIXR. 



153 




Our Latest Specialty Combines 

STYLE, FIT, COMFORT 




Ueuwood , 
JTomen 

"Hey\vood5hoesWear' 




Heywood Boot & Shoe Co., 

Manufacturers of Fine Shoes. 
Our Retail Store, ^ -f ^ -^ 

436 Main Street, -^ Worcester, Mass. 



SI tPHtN C. hARLE. 



CLELLAN W. FlSHEf^. 



EARLE & FISHER, 

ARCHITECTS, 
WORCHSTER, MASS. 



OFFICES: 
ROOM 71^1. STATE MUTUAL BUILDING. 

Duncan $t Goodcll £o., 

WHOLESALERS 
AND RETAILERS IN 

Hardware and Cutlery. 

We have the finest line of Table and I'ockct Cutlery. 
.ilso hig;hcst ^rade of Scissors, including all kinds from 
Finest Manicure Scissors to Tailors' Shears, to be seen in 
Worcester. 

Wc make a specialty "f Builders' Hardware anil Sup- 
plies, and carry in stock a large line of best quality door 
and window trimmings. 

404 Main Street, Cor. Pearl. 



$incla ir $( Du quci, .^. 
Treating. 

Richmond Boilers. Pease Economy 
Combination Heaters. The Electric 
Heat Regulator. Hi gh-Pressure and 
Mill Piping. ^ "**•** "^^ ^ 

36 Pearl St., Worcester. 



H. M. WAITE, 



Q^,,=,ft5f??r^(r''^^^$>.=^ 



General ^ 
Hardware, 



No. ISO Front Street. Worcester. 



154 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



Matthews 

Manufacturing 

Company, 

f\/\ ANUFACTURERS OF . . . . 

STO\ E TRIMMINGS, 



/i^ /»> 



<i> 



BICYCLE FITTINGS, 



Steam=Pipe Collars, 

Ferrules and 

Sheet Metal Specialties. 



104 COLT) STREET, 
£} Worcester, Mass. 



A. T. MATTHEWS, Manasfer. 



Queen of Sea 
Routes. 



To Old Point. Ric^J^.o^d. 'Washington. 
Norfol.k and Baltimore 



Merchants & Miners 
Transportation Co. 

steamship Lines from 
Boston and Providence. 

Accommodations and Cuisine Unsurpassed. 
Steamers New. Fast and Elegant. 

Send for Illustrated Bccklet and Particulars. 



W. P. TURNER, G. ?. A. 

J. C. WHITNEY. T. M. 

A. D STEBBINS. A T. V 

General Offices, Baltimore, rp.d. 



WM. H. EDDY CO. 



A-A 




CS IT 



E. H. INGRAM. 

J. J. WEHINGER. 

SI Exchange St. 
Worcester, Mass. 



We make a specialty of 

Turret Chucking Lathes. 

Sires 22 in. to 60 in. Inclusive. Also 
Plain Gear Cutters. Shaft-Straightening 
Machines and Special Machinery. v< v** 



TN buving TOOLS it pays to buy the BEST. Don't buy before seeing our UP- 
TO-DATE Catalogue, showing a large variety of J^ ■.* -A* 




■J* 



IT MAY BE HAD ON 
APPLICATION. , . . 



BOVMON & PLLM.MER 



MANUFACTURERS, 
WORCESTILR, MASS.. TJ. S. A. 

SOLD BY FIRST-CLASS DEALERS ALL OVER THE WORLD. 



Shapers, 
Drills. 
Forges. 
Bolt Cutters. 
Bolt Headers 
Tire Benders 
Tire 
Shrinkers. 




THi': WURC ESTER AEVGAZIXE. 



155 



Boston S( JWbmi R. R. 

N. V C. & H. R. R. R., Lessee. 



With its Connections, the only First-c'.a-s and I tin it 
Line Reaching All Important Commercial CuuLcrs of 
the Middle West and Beyond. ..... 



The Latest and Most Improved Pullman Service, Com- 
bining Elegance and Comfort, with Speed and Safety. 

FIVE EXVRESS TRyllJWS DAILY. 
Worcester to Chicago in 25 Hours. 

^PDINHFIFI n I IMF ^^'■^°'" ^^''^ °" ^^""^ '^''''"- ■ • 

OriyiilVJI lUULf LvIilL. Sleeping Cars on Night Train. 

Leaving Worcester for New Haven and New York 
at IO.I2 A. M., 1. 02 1'. M., 5.06 p. M., 12.28 Night. 

For additional information, address 

A. S. HANSON, General Passenger Agent. 



^^SHlos 




Gendron 
Cushion 
Frame, 
$50.00 



COMFORT AND LUXURY IN BICYCLE RIDING. 

As this Magazine represents the best and most reliable of Worcester's interests, so shall my 
advertisement stand for ALL THE BEST and RELIABLE pertaining to Bicycles. 

In the purchase of Hieycles. or getting of I-lepairs or Sundries, remember this and deal with 
the ONLY PRACTICAL DEALER and RIDER in Worcester. 



Lincoln Holland, ^ ^ ^LV,!^.!^?.^'^^ 

Telephone 965-2. Free Correct Boston and Worcester Road Map; also Gear Table. 



156 



Till-: WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



The T. H- Baekley Laneh Wagon 



Established 1SS9. 

Incorporated 1S97. 

Telephone 6S0. 



>'i:rlit I.\iii('h M a::oii> of E»ory 
Desiriptioii KOK SAI.K or TO 
LET 



•IVIaDafaetaring & Catering Go. 



Patentees. Designeps and Sole Manufacturefs of 

** W hit€ House Cofe** MT I-""^'' Was;:ons. THo Best Made. Al.-;o Ruilders aiul 

(Trade Mark ) "^ ators of the "White House" t^uioU Lunch Cales. . 

Office and Factory : Rear 281 Grafton Street, Worcester, Mass. 



1 Oper- 




Envelope Company 



Manufacturers of All Kinds 
,«t .< ^«« and Sizes of 

l# g nvelopes, 



* 



Mthographcd. Printed 
• or Plain. 

Metal Clasp Mail- 
ing Envelopes^ ,^ 
Papeteries, ^ ^ 
Paper Boxes. ..^ ^* 



* 



Our Envelopes are Standard Grades 
^ Ji ^ and Standard Weights. 

75 School Street, Worcester. 




HILL'S FAMOUS CLOTHES DRYERS. 

Sold by the Hard' 
world. Send for 

Hill Dryer Co., 



Sold by the Hardware Tratie throiiuhout the 
world. Send for Catalogue 



Worcester, Mass. 



Tlctt' Vork: Cor. Sprinci and Ulofstor Sts. 

Boston: 5: lUasbiniiton Street. 



Wm. H. Burns 
... Company. 



Cbicacio : Ju Itlcdinah temple. 

Philadelphia: ♦;♦ Cbompson Street. 







]y[anufacturcrs of .... 

RCbc 
oyal muslin 

Undergarments 

;s^,f - FOR WOMEN AND 
^5^ CHILDREN. Jt ^ 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



157 



Baker Box Co. 



Box ^ 

$book$. 

SAWDUST BY 
.... CARLOAD. 



Baker's Wood Burns" 
The Best Kindling. 



82 Foster Street, 

WORCESTER. 




Worcester 
Drill 
'f Grinders. 



_ 10 Uanctic6. 

''''% '-'■ The Washburn Shops, "^1,^^"!' 

WORCESTER, MASS. 

MACHINISTS, PATTERN=MAKERS. 
BRASS AND IRON FOUNDERS 

manufacturers of Eight machine Cools i Brindino machinery. 

UNION WATER METER CO. 




J. V. K. OTIS, 

Pres. and Manag^er. 

ICnW. I'. KIXG, 

Tit-as. and Supt. 

Water 



Meters. 



WORCESTER, 
MASS. 



U7 




miE^mm. 




T>ie Maying and Special Stampings. 



McCloud, Crane & Minter Co. 

MILLED MACHINI: SCREWS. 




Finished Case-Hardened Nuts, J8 
Semi-Finished Hexagon Nuts, Etc. 



W. S. 5t.1n^al•^ Jfnusij. 



WORCESTER. IVIASS. 




-ur" 



46 Exchan.irc Street. '""^''.Vs^rASo,,..., 

Kaiiiily tVasliiiiu's a Sperialty. T*'l<-|>hone 10:t.t-.'i. 



158 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZiXR, 



Saratoga Star 



A Foe to Indigestion 
. . . and Dyspepsia. 



Unsurp assed as a 
Table Water. . . . 



Spring mater. 



Kcinl the following voluiitar.v tribute from the 
hile Rev. Win. H. Hrooks, D. D.. of the Diocesan 
House, Boston : 

Boston, Mass., Oct. i6, 1S90. 
Saratoga Star Spring Co., 

Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

Gentlemen: Having made free use- of tlic 
.Star Water I feel constrained to express the great 
l>inetit 1 liave experienced from it. It is especially 
helpful in promoting digestion and in in)i)arting 
lone and vigor to the entire system. In addition to 
its great medicinal virtue it has the desirable quality 
of a very agreeable taste, and its bright, sparkling 
character adds very much to the pleasure of drink- 
ing it. 

Sincerely yours, 

AV.M. Henry Brooks. 



I'alatka, Florida. 
Saratoga Star String Co., 

Saratoga Springs. N. Y. 

I liave used the Star Sprinc; Water for a 
period of twenty years, and for Gastric troubles 
have proved its merits beyond dispute. A friend nt 
mine given up to die, in Niantic, Conn., with 
Gastric fever, in a very short time after the -Star 
Water reached her, fully recovered ; tlie burning 
sensation in the stomach ceased, and she could not 
tind words to express her gratitude for the box for- 
warded to her. .Mrs. C. F. Eaton of Hollis, N. H., 
suffered for years from mucous irritations. un;ible 
to use salts, says : " The Star Water has added 
vears to my life." I could fill a volume of testi- 
monials were it necessary. Would that all sufferers 
could drink and be healed. 

Mrs. K. a. Parkhurst, 

Brooklvn Registry of Nurses. 



ARATOGA STAR WATER has won a very high place 
among the leading table waters, because it is most 
^ agreeable to the palate and has great medicinal value. 
It mixes perfectly with wines and liquors. Packed in quarts 
and pints 




ASK YOUR GROCER, DRUGGIST OR WINE MERCHANT 
FOR SARATOGA STAR WATER, AND IF HE CANNOT 
FURNISH IT WRITE DIRECT TO 

Saratoga Star Spring Company, 

Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 



THE WORCESTER MAi.AZiXE. 15«J 






O. W. NORCROSS. 

NORCROSS BROTHERS, 

GENERAL 
I CONTRACTORS. 

# ^^ 1^ NEW YORK, BOSTON, WORCESTER, 

WWW jz .^< PROVIDENCE, CLEVELAND. 



IRew Eiujlanb Structural ContpauiP, 

DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS 

STEEL BUILDINGS AND BRIDGES. 

Architectural Ironwork. Ornamental Bronzework. 

Office and Works, Second Street, Everett, Mass, 
Boston Office, 18 Post Office Sq., Boston. 



O. W. NORCROSS. PRES. ALBERT J. PARK. TREAS. 

Brownville /llbaine Slate Co. 

manufacturers of Unfaaing Black Koofing Slate. 



Strongest, Tougfhest, Brightest, Most Durable Slate in the World. 

Worcester Slate Fasteners, for Iron Roofs. Sno^v-Guards. 

Office, WORCESTER, MASS. Jk ,* Old Crocker Quarries, Brownville. Maine. 



TELEPHONE 541. 



g ALBEHT.I. I'VKK. Tr.aNur.r. JWrANUFACTURERS OF rt 

13 
13 

13 



Blandford Brick 



Plain and Ornamental Building ^ 
and Fire-Place Brick, in White, ^ 

&Tilp P.nmnanu whiteMottkd, Gray, BuH.g 
I lit; UUIIipdliy. Buff Mottkd, Glared. Etc., also 3 

MOlu KSTKK. >liss. I Fire Brick, Fire Tile, Cupola Blocks ^ ^ 

g K..-tory. HISSKM. MASS. . . . ^ " ^nd Fire-Clay Mortar. "^ g 

P ... On Boston \ Albany It. It. »OK« KSTKK TKLEI'IIO>K. No. .Ml. ^ 

tD ■ a 



160 



E 



THE WORCEvSTER MAGAZINE. 

MINENT Teachers of Cooking Schools, Scientific Men, and the 
Largest Stove Manufacturers pronounce the HOME CRAWFORD 
RANGE Superior to any other. ....... 




ELEGANT MANTEL SHELVES, WATER FRONTS, ETC. 

Guy Furniture Co., Worcester Agen ts. 

^be Wlorccstcr (Sa^ctte 




Believes in public spirit. It believes in 
Worcester, its manufactories and industries. 
It has, through its columns, advocated that 
which was best for Worcester, and it will 
continue to do so. 

Let every citizen shout for Worcester and 
work for Worcester and he will make the 
work of the Board of Trade more easy of 
accomplishment. 




Ube llXIlorccstev (Basette 



Is for anything that will assist to 
Worcester's prosperity. 



\'()I.. I 



The Worcester Magazine. 



MARCH, i9or. 



No. 3 



Things Now in the Public Mind. 




II AT with the trcMiiendous 
V\7" boom in nuuiicipal owner- 
ship of pul)Hc utilities, the 
Hniitation of the scope of 
the ])ul)hc-service corpora- 
tions and tlie drawing closer 
together of producers and 
distril)uters of the great 
staples, it is evident enough 
that the twentietli century is 
likely to witness an industrial evolution 
that may easily become a revolution, 
and which will be decidedly revolutit)n- 
arv in some of its effects. It is easy to 
argue that industrial combination ma} 
operate to the advantage of the great 
mass of consumers, if the result shall 
happily include greater economy of pro- 
duction and distribution and uniformity 
in ([uality without deterioration in the 
average, together with a lowering of the 
price. If these elements are present and 
operative in "trusts," they will go very 
far toward justitication. h is the justi- 
fiable doubt regarding their presence 
that legitimizes the criticism of these 
great combinations and justifies the dis- 
trust regarding their hoiia fides. \\'e in 
America have had extended experience 
with but one great and efficient trust — 
the Standard Oil Company — and the 
conditions that have arisen to control 
its business make it impossible to iudge 



regarding it. Tlie industry has so de- 
veloped, and the use of its product has 
so enormously increased, that it is im- 
possible to conceive of the probable 
present condition of the great staple, 
with reference to the people, had there 
been no trust, but several great compet- 
ing corporations, and a swarm of small- 
er ones, as is the case with other staples. 
It is impossible to imagine, however, 
that there would not be at ])resent. and 
would not have been for these many 
years past, a prevailing lower price for 
kerosene oil, and therefore a lisrhter 
burden upon the consumers. It is im- 
possible to accumulate so many hun- 
dreds of millions of dollars as profit from 
the sale of a staple as have flowed into 
the cofTers of the Standard Oil Company 
under the normal operation of competi- 
tion in the handling of staples. It seems, 
therefore, nearly impossible to expect a 
great degree of good for the general 
public from the gigantic aggregations of 
business being formed. 

It is a delicate and a vexed question 
how far combinations in business are 
justifiable and beneficial. There is some- 
where, in all businesses, a line dividing 
the justifiable from the unjustifiable. 
Less than a certain volume of any busi- 
ness nuist be transacted at a loss to the 



164 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



owner or to his customers, on account 
of an excessive proportion of operating- 
expense ; a volume greater than a cer- 
tain amount entails a loss also upon the 
consumer by making impossible that 
regulation of profit assured by competi- 
tion. This dividing line of justification 
can not be arbitrarily determined by the 
lavman, l)ut is not difficult to determine 
when all facts are at hand. It is certain 
that the business of the Standard ( )il 
Comi)an\- C(_)uld be broken into a hun- 
dred parts without incurring danger of 
a rise in the price of oil on account of 
operating expenses. The tendency- 
would be to lessen those expenses, by 
cutting oft' the great number of large 
salaries and throwing executive work 
upon men depending upon profits for 
their remuneration. This must be true 
also of many combinations, such as the 
recent amalgamation of the steel and 
iron interests. Each one of these big 
concerns pavs its executive conductors 
what ought to be considered a handsome 
profit on the business, wdiile outside of 
all the men who actually operate the 
businesses stands a crowd of capitalists 
who do nothing whatever but receive 
innnense sums in the form of dividends, 
nearly all of which should remain in the 
pockets of jjurchasers^ if sane and nat- 
ural economic principles prevailed. The 
irony of the unnatural conditions con- 
sists in the fact that the so-called capi- 
talists who promote and "back" these 
great combines rarely risk a pemiy of 
cash. They water stocks to the full ex- 
tent of dividend-paying capacity, pay 
themselves for this eminent service with 
generous blocks of stock, and call upon 
the small investors to contribute what 
cash is necessary to pay legal fees, for rev- 
enue stamps and for newspaper advertis- 
ing. The motif of most of these "great" 
financiering operations is the probabil- 
ity of "the public" purchasing a certain 
amount of the watered stocks. 



w 



WORCESTER labors under the di. 



advantage of success. She does 
not aspire to cosmopolitan ways or hon- 
ors : she is not in that class, but as an in- 
land country city in the heart of one of 
the oldest commonwealths she has dis- 
tanced the ambitious county towns that 
at the beginning of the century were her 
superiors in size and importance, that with 
better prospects laid their wide streets 
and ample foundations for the coming 
metropolis that never came. If the stars 
have not fought on her side, the natural 
influences that have promoted hei 
growth have been so uninterrupted, gen- 
tle and pervasive that she has only 
stretched, and never outgrown, her swad- 
dling clothes ; she has grown to the city's 
estate while yet essentially a village ; she is 
like an overgrown country youth who can 
hardlv reconcile the towermg form of a 
man with the beardless face and exu- 
berant spirits of a schoolboy. What 
wonder that some of her city honors are 
awkwardly worn. Dr. Edward Everett 
Hale has called her "a western town in 
the heart of Xew England;" but the 
struggle of the "beginning," coupled 
with the sublime optimism which gives to 
the western town an all-pervading public 
spirit, Worcester, like many another New 
England town, lacks. It has already 
suft'eied, and is likely to suffer still more, 
for the need of it. How keenly alive is 
the denizen of the western town, espe- 
cially in its early days, to every interest 
that can aid its growth. ^lore than like- 
Iv it had an envious rival a few miles 
across the prairie, and the race (piick- 
ened the pulse and fired the determina- 
tion. Every new street laid out, every 
house built, every plan for civic adorn- 
ment and for the widest advantage and 
fullest life, rallied all the latent forces, 
and the old resident to this day never 
wearies of telling of the great boom, way 
back in the "fifties," when our place 



THE WORCESTER AIAGAZIXE. 



165 



sprang" from a Iianik't, of which not even 
tlie home niissionar}- had liearch into a 
great business center witli a dozen rail- 
roads, a college, an art museum, and a 
library the e(|ualof anyanywhere. Hewill 
tell you of the great struggle, all of 
which he saw and part of which he was, 
when not a wheel began to move with- 
otit shoulders to ])tish. 

^^'orcester has waxed fat in the plen- 
itude of her benefactions, and when her 
citizens feel no incentive to strive for 
lier develo])ment, when thev rul) their 
l)alms in satisfaction that she has so 
nutch given to her and so little to work 
for, w'hen they accept hospitals, schools, 
colleges and art nuiseums as gifts with 
lethargic inditlerence, then her deca- 
dence has begun. Natural catises in the 
past have promoted Worcester's growth ; 
thev are now beginning to favor her 
rivals in the West and South, and some 
day she may become simply a staid, 
healthful New England city, the seat of 
the '"sanitarium" and the resort of the 
"summer boarder,"" hlled with a popula- 
tion who enjoy her advantages and are 
here for what there is in it for them ; 
with no pride save in their ancestry, and 
with no public spirit which does not pay 
in dividends. To combat the decadent 
tendency of the successful citv is the 
mission of the Board of Trade and of 
the Worcester ]\I.\(;.\zixe alike. ( )h 
that Worcester icrrc a "western town in 
the heart of New l'Ji"iand.'" k. p.. v. 



M 



r X l( I I'AL ownershi]) agitation is 
sweeping o\-er the count r}- like 
a veritable whirlwind. It has back of it. 
however, the sanction and ad\ocacy of 
a large body of earnest and accom- 
jilished iiublicists, who have for wars i)a- 
tiently and reasonably preached the doc- 
trine. It has behind it also a great bod\' 
of clear and cogent evidence aniountine 



to solid and unimpeachable proof. It 
has. fin-thermore. behind it almost an 
endless reserve of conunon sense and 
business sense. The articles elsewhere 
in this magazine give a faint idea of how 
strongly this topic has taken hold upon 
the public mind. It is not i)ossible to 
adequately indicate its swee]) and power 
in magazine articles ; to do so would 
require the whole of a newspaper every 
day. It is passing strange that this pop- 
ularity had not sooner manifested itself, 
and that so many cities have blindly and 
stupidly put out of their control those 
great engines of tax-saving — the public- 
service corporation franchises. \\'ith 
these franchises in hand, it is onl\- an or- 
dinary financial problem to almost, or 
wholly, abolish municipal taxation, and 
give the citizens infinitelv stiperior serv- 
ice. The greatest of all civic problems 
in An.ierica at the present time is. How 
can money be secured to pay for the im- 
])rovements our ra])id growth makes im- 
perative? The answer is only too mani- 
fest. Utilize the franchises given to hun- 
gry corporations. 

In this connection it is interesting to 
note that there is a disposition to wring 
some benefit from public-utilities fran- 
chises given away, through taxing them. 
Three notable examples are at hantl : In 
iS(j9 a persistent attempt of certain tax 
reformers to compel the taxation of fran- 
chises in Missouri resulted in an increase 
of the assessment of public-service cor- 
porations in St. Eouis from $7,394,504 
to $17,688,859. I'nder the Ford law, 
which specifically makes the franchises 
of public-service corporations using 
"streets, highways, or public places" sub- 
ject to taxation as '"real property."' the 
assessments of such corporations in Xew 
York last year were raised from $96,061.- 
902 to $266,163,059, a gain ot $170,101,- 
157. In Greater X'cw York, where such 



166 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



corporations chiefly exist, the increase 
was from $76,221,025 to $219,679,351. 
Last year, pursuant to directions from 
the Michigan State Tax Commission, the 
assessors of Detroit, in assessing the 
Citizens Street Raihvay of that city, in- 
chided the vakie of its franchise, and ac- 
cordingly raised its assessment from 
$1,500,000 to $12,000,000, and efforts to 
escape the tax have failed through the 
Supreme Court sustaining the assess- 
ment. 



WHY do so many Worcester people 
go to Boston, New York and else- 
where to purchase merchandise,? This 
is a question often asked, and seldom 
answered honestly and in a spirit of 
just criticism. Perhaps the experience 
of a member of the Board of Trade 
while building a house recently will 
answer the question in part, and sug- 
gest ideas to local tradesmen which 
may be of benefit without seeming 
offensively critical. As soon as the 
plans were out and ready for figuring, 
almost every mail brought personal 
letters, catalogues and samples from 
out-of-town dealers in materials used 
in building and furnishing a modern 
home. Almost every day brought 
gentlemanly and obliging salesmen to 
find out what was needed, to submit 
samples and quote prices. Trips to 
Boston and other places were planned 
when the samples or articles were too 
bulky to bring here. The owner of 
the house was not allowed to forget the 
various companies interested until the 
contracts were finally placed. Every 
week brought some new suggestion 
from many firms to keep them in mind, 
and their representatives made fre- 
quent calls. The owner of the house 
was an enthusiastic member of the 
Board, and honestly wished to buy as 



much as possible of local dealers, but 
the apparent lack of enterprise on their 
part in comparison with foreign firms 
was surprising and disappointing. Only 
two Worcester dealers signified any in- 
terest by sending salesmen for a per- 
sonal interview, and one of these came 
weeks after the contract had been let 
and the house was almost ready to 
move into. Three spoke about their 
line when the owner was in their store 
upon other business. These five were 
the only ones who took the slightest 
apparent interest in making good-sized 
sales. The owner in every instance 
sought Worcester firms, and, when 
prices and materials were at all satis- 
factory, purchased here. Some firms 
did not have what was wanted in stock, 
but would send for samples. In two 
instances after waiting two and three 
weeks for samples and figures, after 
outside bids were in, the contract was 
given to the latter because their goods 
were much superior and their prices 20 
to 30 per cent, lower. After sending 
word to one local party twice, an appoint- 
ment was made by telephone to con- 
sider a contract involving some $200. 
This appointment was never kept by 
him, nor has he ever made any apology 
or explanation. The contract was 
given to a firm more than 150 miles 
away, and was fulfilled in a most satis- 
factory manner. These are plain, un- 
garnished facts in the experience of 
one of our well-known citizens whose 
credit is beyond question. 

It is a part of the duty of the Board 
of Trade to encourage all home indus- 
tries and trade, and if this recital pre- 
sents suggestions which will stimulate 
local dealers to pay more personal at- 
tention to trade that is continually 
slipping through their fingers, the in- 
tent of this article will be accomplished. 

I. E. c. 



THE w (jkci':si'EK MA(i.\/i x r-:. 



1()7 



Tins 0()untr\ lia-^ made a s^Tcai leap 
towanl llie cnntrol (if the trade of 
the world, and there is some evidence 
that we arc relying too much upon man- 
ifest destiny \n retain for us our su]M-em- 
acv. It will not do to cherish such a 
notion. The onl\- wa\' we can remain 
leaders is 1)\- making- l)etter goods at a 
less price than otir competitors, and care- 
fulh' studxing the selling ])rol)leni. This 
fact has heen ver\- forcihlx- brought to 
our attention by a stirve}' of the condi- 
tions of our foreign trade recently luade 
1)v a government ofificial — Mr. l^Vederick 
l-'mory. head of the I'lu-eau of Foreign 
Coiumerce. This survey is based tii)on 
reports from United States consuls, and 
is especially significant as showing that 
foreign countries are considering" what 
can be done to check American trade. 
The great c|ticstion is, says .Mr. h^mory, 
whether we can hold our supremacy by 
means of our economy of prodttction, 
greater labor cfficicncx' and chea]) raw 
materials. We can not. We ha\e dem- 
onstrated for years that these elements 
could not control the American market, 
becatise we made them in( )])erative bv 
enforcing a high tariff u])on imi)orts 
from the cotmtries where thev were 
stronger than they were in this countrw 
The time has not yet arrived when trade 
will follow these flags, obviously, dov- 
ernments are not yet ready to lay aside 
the various devices b^• which trade may 
be artificially deflected, and no American 
need possess his financial soul with the 
comfortalile idea that we are to continue 
to sell goods to outlander nations sim- 



l)ly because we can make them better 
and cheaper. 

Worcester herself should take this to 
heart, in a more general sense than as it 
a])plies to foreign trade. She can not 
grow and wax great merely because she 
deserves it. Not this century. It is still 
necessary to enforce deserving, and 
wring success from reluctant fate with 
other weapons than deserts. Were it 
not so how many fine coats would seek- 
other backs! Not only nnist a city de- 
serve greatness, but it nuist enforce its 
deserts with nnich laying about with 
trade blackthorns. It is not sulificient to 
demonstrate to a manufacturer, for ex- 
ample, that Worcester is perfectly fitted 
for the successful prosecution of his busi- 
ness, but he nuist l)e taken into Worces- 
ter by force of those arms that have ever 
controlled human action — the strentious 
and never reiuitting application of per- 
sonal influence. Possibly this suggests 
the most noticeable defect in the policy 
of those who labor for new business for 
Worcester — that they relv too much 
u])on the exhibition, or the statement, of 
the favorable conditions. \\'e are gener- 
allv of the opinion that the conditions in 
Paradise are cjuite favorable for a resi- 
dence there, btit. alas! many of us need 
to be vigorously labored witli ere we def- 
initel\- sha]ie oiu' com^se that way. Talk 
about favorable conditions in \\ drcester 
makes but very little impression upon 
some men when compared with the 
warm, strenuous, persistent and insistent 
cry of 'A\'e want you! We want you! 
and we nnist have vou !" 



The Great Boom for Municipal Ownership. 




] IE sentiiiK'Ht in favor of what 
^ I ^ is called municipal ownership 
is -rapidly becoming" epidemic. 
Irom a theory generally l)e- 
lieved to be practicallx' im- 
l)robable of serious attention, 
it has suddenly leaped into 
great prominence as a very 
])ractical probability, and the 
prevalence of the symptoms 
is astonishing. 

Desiring to ascertain what is being' 
thought and said of the matter, the writer 
placed an order with a press-clipping 
l)ureau for all the material it could fur- 
nish upon the subject, and the result was 
a veritable flood of cli]i])ings from news- 
papers published in all sections of the 
country. A patient examination of these 
clip])ings proved them to be almost 
wholh- rej^orts of action, or contemplated 
action, by legislative bodies favoring mu- 
nicipal ownership. There were received 
but a very few opinions or arguments 
against it, and Init few of the clippings 
were editorial articles, or treating the 
matter acadeiuically. 

It is very evident that the discussion 
of municipal ownership of gas, electric- 
light, water and street-railway plants and 
franchises is attracting wide and practi- 
cal attention, and that many attempts to 
procure legislation permitting and en- 
couraging it are being made. Probably 
the center of the agitatic^n is at ])reseut 
in the city of Chicago, where the Cit\' 
Council has formally a])pealed to the 
state Legislature to pass a measure pro- 
viding that "the Citv Coimcil in cities 
and president and r>oard of Trustees in 
villages shall have the power to ])rovide 
for the acquisition, maintenance and op- 



eration of gas. electric-light, heat and 
power produced by such plants to the in- 
habitants of such cities and villages, re- 
sjiectively, and to make all needful rules 
and regulations in regard thereto ; also 
to provide In- lease for the operation of 
any such jdant when accpiired and for 
the sale of the product of any such plant 
by lessee. The acquisition, maintenance 
and operation of such plants are hereby 
declared to be corporate purposes." The 
plans for municipal ownership in Chi- 
cago include the street-railways, the cor- 
porations owning which are roundh- de- 
nounced. The secretary of a street-rail- 
way ct)nunission that is studying the 
problem says the agitation for numicipai 
ownership is due to the poor service 
given by the street-railways, and one of 
the Chicago newspapers picturesquely 
declares that "if the capitalization of the 
street-car companies of Chicago were not 
more than twice the sum it would cost 
to duplicate their ]:)]ant and e(|uipment, 
they could carry out every reform that 
has been suggested in this whole con- 
troversy and declare 50 per cent, divi- 
dends every year." It further proceeds 
to say that if the "water" in the stock 
of these corporations could be partially 
squeezed out, thev could ])a\' 50 ])er cent, 
dividends, and could also "run palace 
cars every (piarter minute all day and 
every two minutes ah night on all their 
lines in all directions : do away with all 
unsightly overhead trolle}' wires and 
foolish air cars, install the underground 
electric system, operate luxurious coach- 
es, give universal transfers and carry 
people from Evanston to South Chicago 
for five cents ; relay their tracks with the 
best grade of rails, pave the streets with 



THE W () R C E S T E R M A ( i A Z 1 X E . 



169 



tlie best pavemenl, provide sul)\vays at 
all crossings." 

\\'hether or not the street-railway sit- 
uation is so acute in Chicago as all tin*. 
suggests, need not be discussed. It is 
manifestly sufficiently acute, as more 
sober, if less picturesciue, estimates agree 
in bitterly denouncing the companies and 
their management. While the com- 
plaints of other cities may be less stren- 
uous than those of Chicago, they are all 
of the same tenor, and they come from 
all sections of the country and from 
towns and cities of all degrees of import- 
ance. The agitation is taking a very 
practical form, and many cities have the 
problem definitely before their councils ; 
it has invaded many state Legislatures, 
and is even before Congress, in the form 
of a bill providing for the purchase and 
operation of all railroads by the gov- 
ernment, possession to be taken January 
I, 1902. This bill was presented by Sen- 
ator Pettigrew last winter. It proposes 
to give stockholders 2 J- ])er cent, de- 
benture bonds for their holdings, reduce 
passenger rates to one cent a mile, build 
$50,000,000 worth of new track each year, 
increase the wages of employes, insure 
passengers, shippers and employes 
against accidents, issue no ]~)asses. create 
a connnission to look after employes, 
]iay for the stock with the earnings, etc. 

Tt need not be feared that this agita- 
tion will lead to a re\-ohuion at once. 
]\ruch of it will pass with no practical re- 
sult. Some of it will not. There has 
been planted a seed that will eventually 
germinate and produce a coiUrol of these 
so-called natural monopolies that will 
make them more nearh' fultill their osten- 
sible i)ur])ose as ])ul)lic servants. There 
is a great financial (piestion invol\-ed,and 
it will eventuall}' become i)rominent 
enough to furnish the basis of an argu- 
ment difficult to deal with, excej^t l)y ac- 
quiescence. \\'hereas now these mo- 



nopolies are a severe tax upon the peo- 
ple, they might be made to work a great 
relief, as it is e\-i(lent that thev could be 
made to pa\- all the expenses of cities, 
and so abolish nuniicipal taxation, while 
at the same time reducing -charsfcs for 
their own services. This can scarcely 
be looked u])on as a theory. Tt has been 
computed by conservative authorities, 
and is almost in the nature of an axiom. 
so self-evident is it. This ]~)Owerful finan- 
cial argument, when it l)ecomes well 
understood, will In(J^•e and convince 
many people who would remain callous 
to the ethical argument and the argu- 
ment of the right of a city to the usu- 
fruct of its own streets, or to the ])urely 
connnunistic argument — each one of 
which is perfectly good as against any 
possible argument that can be advanced 
to support the existing regime. Another 
pow^erful argument against private own- 
ership of franchises for pu!)lic service is 
happily jiut l)y Rev. Washington (dad- 
den, of Columbus, Ohio, but most favor- 
ably known and honored in New Eng- 
land : 

''The greatest danger to American in- 
stitutions." says Mr. Gladden, "arises 
from the relation of public-service cor- 
porations to cit\- governments. Some- 
thing might be done by stringent state 
legislation. 'Idie state ought to enforce 
com|)lete ])ublicity in the accounts of all 
these companies; to limit the cai^italiza- 
tion to the cost of the plant ; and to re- 
qinre franchises to be sul)mitted to pop- 
ular vote. r>ut these measures will not 
probably be found etifectual. Xothing 
is likelv to reach the case exce])t public 
owner>hi]) of municiprd monopolies. \\ e 
may reason as we will about the inex- 
pediency of such ownership: the funda- 
mental fact is that it is required b\- the 
elementary principles of democratic gov- 
ernment. These public-service corpora- 
tions are monopolies — they all come to 



170 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZIXE. 



that sooner or later — and a democratic 
people can not permit the existence of 
private monopoly : for the essence of mo- 
nopoly is taxation without representa- 
tion. It is the constant and flasfrant vio- 
lation of this primary principle of free 
government which has produced the con- 
ditions now prevailing." 

One of the most relied-upon argu- 
ments against municipal ownership is 
that the business management of the 
public industries imder city control 
would be inei^cient or dishonest, and by 
that means cause the city to suffer loss, 
and poor service also. This might easily 
happen. City officials are none too able 
and honest. Yet there is plenty of evi- 
dence that it is not impossible to secure 
honest and competent men in the service 
of cities ; and there is evidence also that 
municipal plants are wisely and econom- 
ically conducted. Chicago, which is never 
reckoned a perfectly pure city officially, 
has its electric-light plants, and has owned 
and operated them for thirteen years. 
The city electrician has recently made a 
report upon the cost of operating these 
plants. The city has expended during 
this period $2,786,100, all told. Had 
the light been obtained from private cor- 
porations it would have cost S2.507.110 
for rentals. For the extra $280,000 ex- 
pended, the report says. "The city owns 
125 miles of conduits and cables. 4.400 
arc lamps, and two power stations, val- 
ued at $921,000. The present system in- 
ventories at $1,350,000. In two years 
more Chicago should not owe itself one 
cent on account of the plants it has built, 
or valuable property it has acquired in 
constructing the plants, for it will have 
saved enough over and above what it 
would have paid for rented lights to 
build and operate the plants as they now 
exist.'' 

This may not be considered to be con- 
clusive, but such as know Chicago will 



be inclined to believe that it must be very 
nearly conclusive. 

As showing the general trend of the 
arguments for municipal ownership in 
city councils, we quote from the recent 
remarks of Alderman Pinkham of Boston 
in support of a petition from citizens 
praying that if a subway should be built 
under Washington street, as is contem- 
plated, it might remain the property of 
the city. The alderman said : "The ad- 
vantages of the principle of municipal 
ownership in subways is powerfully en- 
forced on the public mind by the sitccess 
and achievement found in the present 
subway under Tremont street. Popular 
opinion is supported by experience and 
argument, both financial and scientific, 
in a manner which allows of no argument 
to the contrary. While corporations 
have their rights, their powers and their 
protection by the law, while the enter- 
prise of capital should not be improper- 
ly restrained and its energy restricted, 
yet, on the other hand, their rights and 
their powers should never be exalted 
above the rights of the people, and the 
divine right of society to protect itself 
against any or all who would trespass 
against it or selfishly gain advantage by 
the community's loss." 

These remarks lead our thoughts to 
the greatest example of municipal own- 
ership in America, if not in the world, 
the great subway now being built in X'ew 
York city, already under contract and 
being vigorously worked, for a distance 
of more than twenty miles, and tenta- 
tively planned to extend to Brooklyn and 
Jersey City. This work is being done in 
strict accord with the advanced theory 
of the value of public franchises to 
the city, and has been so skillfully 
financed that the potential value of the 
franchise is a foundation for credit ot 
sufficient validity to enable the city to 
base bonds upon it and procure all the 



THE WORCESTER MAiiAZ IXE 



171 



necessary money upon a schenie for re- 
])ayment from the receipts from the op- 
eration of the railways in tlic subway. 
Tlie city loans its credit to underwrite 
the bonds, and the enterprise is buildinf^ 
itself. 

England is to-day perhaps the greatest 
exponent of numicipal ownership in the 
world, says a recent writer upoii this 
topic. The recent establishment of a 
crematoritim at Mull is a development 
of the practice. It is announced that this 
institution, as with other public utilities 
operated by the city, will do its work 
cheaply — the cost of cremating a body 
being but about S5. The Iniilding cost 
$12,500. Great Britain has had an in- 
teresting experience with immicipal un- 
dertakings. Sir Henry Eowler prepared, 
under the direction of the House of 
Commons, a Parliamentary blue book, 
entitled "Returns of the Reproductive 
Undertakings of ^Municipal Corpora- 
tions/"' which summarizes the financial 
returns from the enterprises in a way 
worth consideration. In 1898 the amount 
of debt incurred by municipal authorities 
was $1,320,000,000, incurred by invest- 
ments in schools, asylums, highways, 
sewers and other public works and im- 
provements which can not be classified 
with municipal trading. Sir Henry Fow- 
ler divides the local indebtedness of 265 
numici])al boroughs, excluding London, 
as follows: Necessary public works, 
$685,000,000; educational and recreative 
purposes. $180,000,000; for strictly mu- 
nicipal trading. $435,000,000. and for 
loans in aid of private improvements, 
$7,500,000. The trading investments 
are divided into six classes — waterworks, 
gasworks, electric plants, markets, street 



railways and water-front facilities. Of 
the 265 boroughs, 173 manage their own 
waterworks, 87 their gasworks, 204 their 
markets, 28 their street cars and 55 their 
electric-light plants. 

The strongest argument against nui- 
nicipal ownership (not an argument at 
all. but a confession) is that the affairs 
of cities are controlled by non-taxpaying 
voters, who have not a sufficient realiza- 
tion of their responsibility and the eco- 
nomic significance of their acts, and not 
sufificient regard for the dictates of con- 
science. This element is too often aided 
and abetted, and sometimes led, by men 
who do know thoroughly well what they 
are about, and whose consciences are 
subservient to politics, or the fruits of 
politics. The mass of voters in cities do 
not, from one motive or another, take 
the business of managing the affairs of 
cities seriously enough. They expend 
their energies in frequent and fervid 
campaigns, in which their motive is 
summed up in and boimded 1)_\- the de- 
termination to "(U)wn" the other side; 
and the other side must be "downed" 
simply because it must be "downed." If 
these questions relating to the owner- 
ship, operation and control of the public- 
service utilities could be matle the vital 
motives of numicipal caiupaigns, and 
their bearing upon the life and welfare 
of the citizens be made perfectly plain, 
the mere politicians whose meat and 
drink are drawn from pul)lic founts, might 
find their interests in them, instead of in 
acting as catspaws for the corporations ; 
and there might be hope indulged that 
common sense and business principles 
would become respectable elements in 
the conduct of the business of cities. 



-^^^ 



Advantages of Mvinicipal Ownership.'^ 



By Albert wShaw, Ph. D. 




T would be idle to deny that 
the general subject of the 
scope and functions of gov- 
ernment has of late engaged 
])ublic attention in the Ignited 
States to an unwonted de- 
gree. Furthermore, the ques- 
tion has passed from the 
merely abstract and academic 
phases into the realm of the 
practical and the concrete. Those who 
are not in a position to be w^ell informed 
would be surprised if they knew how 
strong a sentiment there is throughout 
the country in favor of the acquisition 
and direct operation by the United State* 
government of at least one transconti- 
nental trunk-line railroad. Even more 
extensive is the popular demand for the 
absorption of the telegraph business into 
the national postal service, and for the 
establishment throughout the countrv of 
governmental savings banks as an ad- 
junct of the postal administration. It is, 
however, in the municii)al held that the 
xA.merican advocates of the extension of 
public functions are exerting themselves 
most actively and gaining converts most 
rapidly. 

The opponents of government owner- 
ship in the United States have long been 
in the habit of asserting that although 
European conditions may. indeed, possi- 
bly favor some such projects, as, for ex- 
ample, a public telephone service or pub- 
lic lighting plants, the nature of American 
institutions and the conditions of our civic 
life make it highly inexpedient that such 



Imsiness enterprises should be publicly 
administered in our American cities. 1 
think I may claim some degree of famil- 
iarit\- with conditions l^oth in our country 
and abroad, and without conunitting m_\-- 
self to the advocacy of any sweeping doc- 
trine either for or against the extension 
of public functions. I am readv to assert 
that if there are practical reasons any- 
where which would make the alternative 
of extensive governmental business un- 
dertakings advisable, those reasons are 
on some accounts as strong in the United 
States as in European countries. 

It will be my principal task in this 
l)rief article to explain precisely what I 
mean by the above assertion. I have, 
w^ithin the past few years, observed in 
German cities that when, for example, 
the question comes up whether the city 
should, on its own account, make an elec- 
trical installation, or should, as an alter- 
native, give a franchise to some company 
to build electrical works for the sni)])l\' 
of light and power, the decision never 
rests upon any doctrinaire grounds 
whatever. The views that one encoun- 
ters in the Ignited States, which presume 
to settle all such practical questions in 
advance by the recital of dogmas touch- 
ing the nature of government, would l)e 
deemed the merest silliness b)- i)ractical 
men in Europe. Those men see no pos- 
sible reason why a modern government, 
which is, after all, nothing l)ut the organ- 
ization of the people for their own ben- 
efit, should not render the public anv 
services which upon careful in(|uiry it 



• Abriged from New York Independent. 



THE WORCESTER Al AC AZ 1 X i:. 



173 



may be agreed that the government can 
render with acttial and permanent ad- 
vantage to itself and the citizens. Thus, 
when such a question as tliat of the own- 
ership of an electrical plant arises, there 
is no airing of theories pro and con, but a 
careful and practical examination into 
ilie business facts. 

In many of the Ccrman cities wliicli 
have shown themselves quite ready to 
engage their municipal corporations in 
extensive business undertakings, it has 
not been thought at present expedient 
to go into the lousiness of providing elec- 
trical light and power. Under those cir- 
cumstances it is decided to grant a fran- 
chise to some private corporation, li 
then becomes the business of the numici- 
pality to see that proper terms are made, 
and tliat the franchise at every point pro- 
tects the rights of the numicipal govern- 
ment itself and of the citizens in general. 

In the making of the entire contract 
l)etween the private corporation and the 
numicipal government, it is almost in- 
variably true that the legal and technical 
representatives of the municipality are 
superior to those of the private corpor- 
ation, llie prestige and the moral ad- 
vantage in the negotiations are on the 
side of the public. The private company 
will, of course, obtain the best bargain 
it can : but it is the municipality tliat dic- 
tates the terms. This being true, it mat- 
ters only to a Imiited extent whether the 
city shall undertake the business of elec- 
trical supply on its own account, or shall 
make a bargain with a private company. 
In the one case, the city makes the in- 
vestment and takes the risk, with the 
chance of a somewhat larger pecuniary 
reward; in the other case the city is on 
the safe side, is sure of moderate returns, 
throws the risk of loss upon the private 
company, while reserving in any case 
something like the lion's share in the 



event of the company's emergence into 
a prosperous future. 

Clearly, under those circumstances, 
the city government's decision does not 
rest upon any abstract principles affect- 
ing government functions, but u])on the 
practical business judgment of the nun 
holding ofificial responsibility. 

i'.ut coming to our own country ,we find 
an entirely different state of affairs. We 
find ])ublic and municipal authority and 
prestige weak and low ; while the author- 
ity and prestige of private corporations 
engaged in such services of munici])al 
supply as public illumination and street 
transit are enormously active and strong. 
Xo such relative disparity as that be- 
tween the prestige and strength of nni- 
nicipal government and the prestige and 
strength of private corporate influence 
exists anywhere else in the world. The 
consequences are plain to see throughout 
the whole country. The ablest lawyers 
in all our cities are retained by these cor- 
porations. They are given fat fees, di- 
rectorships, stocks and bonds, and all 
sorts of pecuniary emoluments, besides 
jwlitical and social consideration. In re- 
turn, they are expected to use their sharp 
wits, their technical knowledge of cor- 
poration law, and their training in the 
practical art of politics, to get the better 
of the comnumity at large, and thus to 
retain or obtain for the benefit of their 
respective corporations very valuable 
public ])rivileges, which ought not to be 
granted at all exce])t upon payment of 
their full value, with their exercise al- 
ways subject to full jnildic control. I am 
aware that this has a harsh sc^und ; but 
every intelligent man knows that it is 
true. When numici])al franchises and 
]>rivileges are to be granted it is not the 
municipal authorities that make the 
terms, but the private companies. The 
laws and ordinances that have to do with 
the granting of those privileges are care- 



174 



THE WORCESTER AIAGAZIXE 



fully prepared by the attorneys of the 
corporations. They are never drafted by 
the legal representatives of the state or 
the city. 

It is to be observed that the growth, 
wealth and general position of American 
cities render such privileges as gas, 
street-railway, telephone, and other like 
privileges far more valuable and lucra- 
tive, relatively, than in European cities. 
Enormous revenues ought to pour into 
the coffers of every city government in 
the United States as the honest and busi- 
ness-like payment on the part of light- 
ing, transit, and other companies for the 
public privileges that they enjoy. But 
as a matter of fact few such companies 
in the United States pay a penny for 
what represents much the largest half 
of their capitahzation, namely, their fran- 
chises ; and those few which pay some- 
thing pay after all such a trifling amount 
that it only emphasizes the helplessness 
and the humiliating position of the cities 
that accept the pittance. 

Our municipal officials are elected or 
appointed for short terms. The city's 
legal advisers draw small salaries, and 
have no expectation of remaining in the 
public employ for more than a few brief 
years at the most. They hope and ex- 
pect after leaving the public employ to 
find lucrative private practice. Such 
practice can hardly be obtained except 
through the favor of the rich corpora- 
tions. What motive, therefore, could 
compel the legal advisers of an American 
municipal government to fight desper- 
ately for the public interest as against 
the great array of legal talent represent- 
ing those corporations that seek to gain, 
to enlarge, or to renew franchises, on 
terms prescribed l)y themselves? 

The simple fact is that there is hardly 
a large town in the United States which 
has a municipal government strong 
enough at all points to deal advanta- 



geouslv with the representatives of cor- 
porate interests, when it comes to making- 
bargains. The wear and tear upon the 
morals of a weak nuuiicipal govermnent 
are greater by far when it conies to the 
task of granting franchises — that is to 
say, of making bargains with private cor- 
porations — than when it is attempted to 
carry out a business undertaking direct- 
ly on the public account. Thus jobbery 
and rascality, wastefulness of public 
money, and bad results in the end, are 
more likely to be the outcome when the 
contract system is used in street clean- 
ing, paving and various other public 
works, than when the municipality em- 
ploys its own men to clean its own 
streets, lay its own pavements, and do its 
own public work on direct numicipal ac- 
count. 

Our cities to-day in various states are 
passing through a great crisis because of 
an enormous combination of street-rail- 
way interests that is attempting, by con- 
certed movement, apparently, from one 
end of the country to the other, to break 
down honest and able municipal govern- 
ment for the sake of obtaining fifty-year 
extensions of their franchises. There is 
no excuse for a fifty-year franchise in 
this enlightened age of the world. Even 
if municipal officials have a right to give 
away the valuable assets that belong to 
their own generation, they have no right 
to sacrifice posterity. Any man claim- 
ing intelligence and occupying an official 
position, whether in a legislature or a 
numicipal government, wdio works, 
speaks and votes for measures intended 
to make it easy for such great corpora- 
tions to get a fifty-year extension, is, 
prima facie, a rascal. 

I am not for a moment advocating the 
wholesale plunge into projects for the 
wide extension of municipal or other 
governmental business functions in the 
United States. But I am readv, in the 



THE \\T) R CF. ST I'.K MACAZIXE, 



175 



face of practical political conditions, 
which I have been observing with close 
attention for the past year or two, to 
characterize as tedious niuniniery the ab- 
stract and metaphysical disquisitions of 
closet philosophers and wise-acre dogma- 
tists who proceed to beg the whole ques- 
tion by their mere framing of a definition 
of the word "government." The suffi- 
cient answer to these gentlemen is thai 
their definition has no sacred or binding 
validity, and that in the matter of such 
definitions what is one man's meat is an- 
other man's poison. In Hungary, for 
example, the definition of government 
includes the state railways with their 
zone system, the public manufactory, 
which provides farmers with threshing 
machines, and a variety of other matters, 
the very enumeration of which would be 
most painful and shocking to the gentle- 
men who hold to the dogma that the best 
government is the government that does 
nothing, and that any extension of the 
functions or undertakings of government 
must be rank heresy. 

In conclusion I have only to remark 
that the practical situation in the United 
States is rapidly shifting the burden of 
proof. The relations existing notorious- 
ly between great corporations and our 
state legislatures and intmicipal govern- 
ments, are forcing upon us the question, 
not whether in some directions the busi- 
ness functions of government can he 
safely or wisely extended, but rather the 
question how to avoid a very extensive 
increase of public functions as the only 
visible retreat from thv intolerable state 
of demoralization into which government 



has fallen. The enormous sums of money 
contributed for purposes of political con- 
trol b}- tlie corporations enjo\ing nuniic- 
ipal-supply privileges have given us the 
boss system in its present form. And 
the l)oss system, which in fact knows no 
distinctions of political party, is fast de- 
stroying state and municipal govern- 
ment as the steadfast and loyal servitor, 
defender and promoter of the ])ublic in- 
terest. 

With honest, independent and truly 
representative government, such as our 
forefathers knew, and such as they hoped 
would be ours in perpetuity, it would 
seem to me a matter of comparatively lit- 
tle moment whether the public welfare 
were served by municii)al ownership and 
operation of gas plants, or, under fan- 
terms, by a private company. On some 
accounts I should considerably prefer the 
latter alternative. But witli weak and 
flabby government, lacking moral stam- 
ina, and lacking the intellectual force to 
make advantageous bargains witli ])ri- 
vate corporations, I should be inclined to 
the opinion that direct ownership and 
operation, as offering less temptation, 
might well have better results for the 
commimity in some cases. At least it 
would tend to build up the municipal 
government on the side of its dignity 
and prestige ; so that, in the end, it migin 
possess enough character, intelligence 
and stability to be a.h\e to meet a transit 
company or a lighting company on some- 
thing like equal terms, and grant a fran- 
chise on terms which would not involve 
the l)elrayal of the rights of the conuuu- 
nit\-. 



Difficulties in Way of Municipal 0^^nership. 

By the Famous Mayor S. M. Jones of Detroit i.\ a Recent Address. 




AM in favor of public owner- 
ship of cvervthing' in sight, 
meaning", of course, the class 
of properties known as public 
utilities. There is no doul)t 
in my mind that all such 
properties as g"as, water, elec- 
tric lighting, electric railways, 
telephones, telegraphs and 
steam railroads are yet to be 
publicly owned and operated for the pub- 
lic good. The trend of events all point 
in that direction. 

I do not look for the change from 
private to public ownership of this class 
of properties to come about as the result 
of any revolution of violence : on the con- 
trarv, I expect the change will come '"as 
a thief in the night," and I expect it to 
come in that way because I believfe it to 
be one of the inevitable consequences of 
the operation of natural law. 

As we come to understand that the in- 
dividual is the unit that composes the 
nation, we shall see that we can not be a 
great nation except as we have great 
men and women. To produce these, 
then, is the mission of democracy. The 
democracy that is expressed in our public 
school system ; that has passed out of the 
domain of private into public ownership, 
for the good of all, is but the first child- 
hood step in a democracy that is to make 
accessible to each everything necessary 
for the development of the most perfect 
man and woman on the same terms that 
the privileges of the common school are 
now accessible to every child. 

Agitation and education for municipal 
ownership are the signs of the awaken- 



ing of this new democracy. Cirowth of 
the sentiment in favor of municipal own- 
ership of public utilities is one of the phe- 
nomenal signs of the coming of the bet- 
ter day. Xot much has as yet been done 
in our cities, but it is because the senti- 
ment is lacking. A dozen years ago, to 
stand as an advocate of municipal own- 
ership subjected many early agitators to 
being called anarchists and being regard- 
ed as dangerous men ; to-day municipal 
ow^nership means a condition of things 
that even the best people admit is much 
to be desired. 

And now what are the obstacles in the 
way of the realization of our desires with 
respect to the public ownership of the 
class of properties of which I am speak- 
ing? First on the list I place a want of 
social faith. We have not yet learned to 
trust one another, and, I suppose, for no 
other reason than that we have not 
proven that we are worthy to be trusted. 
Honesty has been a relative term. I see 
no hope of progress except as we develop 
the new ideal, a condition, indeed, that 
will make us eventually a "nation of 
friends.'" 

The first step necessary to remove the 
first great obstacle is to develop this so- 
cial faith that shall lead us to believe in 
men, to select them for service and to 
trust them to serve. 

Our whole system of party politics 
could not have been better calculated to 
hinder the cause of collectivism or public 
ownership of public utilities. The delib- 
erate purpose and design of partyism is 
to separate people into small groups, so 
that thev mav be more convenientlv 



i I-: w ( )kci-:sTi::R AiAt.AZiXE. 



177 



skinned. During- tlic ])asl iinartiT of a 
ccntnr}" tlic most of tmr ])olitic> lias \)vv\\ 
hnsincss, and much of ouv business has 
been poHtics. .Many ,qi)()d ])eople were 
,i;reatl\' liorrified when ^fr. ("roker. witli 
ahnosl l)rutal iranlsuess. said he was in 
]:)ohtics for tlie mone\- tliere was in it. 
Instead of heiuj^' liorritied at tin's confes- 
sion. I think we shouhl admin- tin- can- 
dor which it indicates. All of us who are 
practical men know of the indirect ma- 
nipulation of ])()Htics I)\- business in al- 
most every avemie of conunerciallife ; we 
know the histor_\- of the ])rotective tariff, 
and we know that it is ])rotectinq' tlie few 
and exploiting;- the many. 

Such properties as street raihvays. gas 
and electric lightiuL;-, and, indeed, heat- 
ing, telephones, telegrai)hs, etc., are nec- 
essary to the well-being of the comnui- 
nit\', not so nmch to the well-being of the 
individual. A savag"e, hermit or recluse 
could live ver\- well, according' to his 
ideals, without a telephone or street car: 
of course he must have water, but this 
he can get from the ri\-er, the lake, the 
stream, or the spring on the mountain- 
side : he nuist have fire ; this he c*juld get 
by the i)rimiti\e methods that used to be 
resorted to b\ thr aborigines of this 
country; but the awakening social man 
finds that lie has new social needs of 
which the primitive man knew nothing, 
and it is because we are just now in the 
period when we are passing from the ex- 
treme individualism of "every man for 
himself, and the devil take thehindiuost." 
to the democracy and fellowship of the 
conuiion brotherhood that oin- senses are 
being awakened to the imi)ortance of 
providing the social man with all the 
agencies for his perfect development 
without the necessity of paying a tribute 
of profit to any source. 

T do not believe that franchises should 
either be given away or sold to the high- 
est bidder. As 1 have said in the begin- 



ning, I believe there is no final settlement 
of thesr (|uestions except in absolute mu- 
nici])al ownershi]) and control ; but where 
tlu' ])ul)lic sentiment is not ready for this. 
I am as un(|ualihedly against the sale of 
tranchisets,eitlKrfora cash bonus or per- 
centage of the receipts. The people are 
entitled to the service, whatever it mav 
be. wlnther street railway, water, light (jr 
luat, at the lowest possible cost; and if 
a city council ])roposes to sell a franchise, 
the C(MU])etition should be f(jr the lowest 
terms at which the bidders would be will- 
ing to render the service. That is. if 
a street railway franchise is to be sold, 
it should be sold to the person who will 
carry passengers for the lowest fare ; in 
that way the benefit goes directly to the 
people, whereas, if the franchise is bar- 
tered awa\' for a ])ercentage of the gross 
receipts, the poor — the washerwoman, 
the conuuon laborer and the toilers, who 
form the great bulk of those who ride on 
the street railways — are taxed, not only 
for their ride, but for the fund that is to 
go into the common trcasurx-. 

binally the t)l)stacle, above all others, 
in the way of the fellowship, the co-oper- 
ation, the conummion, for which I plead. 
is found in our system of partisan politics 
that de])en(ls for its i)erp(.'tuit\' upon the 
ho])e of keeping the fires of hatred burn- 
ing; and until the sunshine of a brighter 
and better ])atri()tism shall illumine our 
luarts and drive out the devil of party- 
ism, there is little hope of progress 
toward a co-operative municipal govern- 
ment, for co-operation is the meaning of 
numici])al ownershi]). 

We nmst learn to trust one another 
and we shall hi' worthy to be trusted. 
Tlu' law of action and reaction is unal- 
terable. Like begets like: confidence 
begets confidence; trust begets trust; 
anfl hate begets hate. It is the business 
of partyisni to bree<l distrust. t(> throw 
doubt and suspicion ujion every act of 



178 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE, 



any man who is not of "our party" ; and 
the hopeful and promising sign of the 
quick coming of a better future is seen 
in the breaking down of the narrow hues 
of petty partyism that ruled and gov- 
erned us twenty years ago. The clouds 
are breaking away, the signs of the dawn- 
ing of a better political system are abun- 
dant. In a hundred cities of America 



party lines are already so relaxed that 
the mere nomination of what is alleged 
to be the majority party is no longer a 
guarantee of election. ?^Ioney, manipu- 
lation and machine once ruled the day in 
the municipal politics of most of the 
cities, but to-day this ill-gotten brood 
must now give way to the rising demand 
for morals, merit and men. 



Remuneration to Cities tor Franchises. 



Paper Read at Municipal League Convention dy Hon. Bird S. Coler, Comptroller of 

New York. 




HAT is rather loosely termed 
"municipal ownership" is 
now. so far as it relates to 
franchises involving the use 
of city streets, scarcely to be 
regarded as debatable ground. 
On the subject of municipal 
operation, however, there is 
much to be said for and 
against, and I am glad, there- 
fore, to have to deal, within the limits of 
this short paper, with the simpler prob- 
lem. 

I take it for granted that no one will 
now dispute the proposition that the pub- 
lic should receive remuneration, in one 
way or another, for the use of its streets 
by private corporations. The only ques- 
tion is : How can that remuneration be 
most justly exacted and most success- 
fully collected? 

The city of New York has for over two 
hundred years been dealing with this 
problem with greater or less success — 
generally with less. It began leasing its 
ferry franchises in 1674, and twelve years 
later its right to control such privileges 
was confirmed by the famous Dongan 



charter. The granting of franchises for 
street-surface railroads in New York be- 
longs to the history of the last fifty years. 
During the first half of this period these 
grants w^re made directly by the state 
Legislature, generally without any pro- 
vision for compensation and always with- 
out adequate provision. Unfortunately 
the most valuable of these franchises 
were thus disposed of during this time. 

The constitutional amendment of 1874 
called for the action of the local munic- 
ipal authorities, and in 1884 a general 
law of the state provided for the sale of 
all such franchises at public auction to 
the highest bidder, and prescribed a min- 
imum^ or upset price, of 3 per cent, of 
the gross receipts during the first five 
years of operation, and 5 per cent, there- 
after. 

Compensation for sub-surface rights, 
such as those enjoyed by telephone, tel- 
egraph, gas, electric light and power, 
steam heating, refrigerating, and other 
subway corporations, has received 
scarcely any intelligent consideration. 
In fact, the great value of some of these 
franchises in a great metropolis like New 



Til !•: \\()KCi:S' 



\i MAGAZINE 



179 



Ynrk lias only diirint;' the last few years 
attracted any popular attention whatever. 
In my judi^nient. the most important 
point to emphasize in regard to this sub- 
ject is that, no matter what the method 
of exacting- compensation may be, it is 
]iractically impossible for muniei])al au- 
thorities to make any bargain with a ])ri- 
vate company which will not appear in- 
adequate to the next succeedino; genera- 
tion. When the most valuable surface- 
railway franchises in Xew ^'ork city were 
being disposed of. thert' might have ex- 
isted some extraordinarily far-sighted 
man who could have foreseen the im- 
mense growth of the city and prophesied 
what their value would bt> in the futiu'e. 
r>ut if such a man had been in a position 
of sulificient authority to demand what 
he deemed to be an adetpiate compensa- 
tion, the promoters of the raihvay enter- 
prises would have stood aghast at his fig- 
ures. The railroads \vould simply never 
have been built. And if the railroads 
had not been built, the growth of the city 
w^ould have been stunted, and the prophet 
would have stood discredited. Here lies 
the problem, then : On the one hand not 
to discourage enterprising capital, and 
on the other hand to ])lace some limit 
on its profits. Xow, if the city makes 
a poor bargain, but that bargain has 
only, say, twenty-five years to run. there 
is no great harm done : for twenty-five 
years is as nothing in the life of a great 
city. Hut if a franchise be granted in 
perpetuity, or for a very long period — 
like that of the New York tS: llarlem 
Company, which runs until the year 2,389 
— no matter how advantageous the bar- 
gain may seem to-day, it is likely to ap- 
jiear (|uite ridiculous a hundred years 
from now. Short terms for franchises 
are, therefore, the most important thing. 
If that principle be strictly adhered to, 
more than half the fight is won. 

As to the methods of exacting com- 



pensation, I fear that we suffer some- 
what from too nuich devotion to theo- 
ries, logic and philosophy. There is no 
one method which w'ill best fit all cases. 
There are advocates of the j^rinciple of 
exciting competition by offering fran- 
chises for sale at pul>lic auction. Others 
believe in a legislative fixation of arbi- 
trary amounts either by way of cash ])av- 
ments or ])ercentages on gross or net 
receipts. Still others believe in granting 
to local authorities a certain freedom of 
barter in arranging terms witli those 
seeking to obtain franchises. On the 
whole, I favor the last-mentioned course, 
though there are conditions under which 
it is not desirable. 

1 think it likely that in the case of a 
comparatively small but growing city. 
where practicall)- no transportation facil- 
ities exist, the method of franchise sale 
at public auction, with a fixed minimum 
or uj)set i)rice. might work \vell. But 
where, in large cities, like Xew York, the 
chief thoroughfares are already pre- 
empted ; where the existing surface lines 
are controlled by a monopoly ; where the 
question of transfer facilities practically 
rules out all newcomers. —there can be no 
such thing as genuine competition. In 
such cases the local authorities can do 
much better if given a free hand to 
bargain in behalf of the citv than 
be compelled to sell at auction. In say- 
ing this, however, I am presupposing 
that the bargaining power shall be vested 
in either one official or a board of very 
few officials of rather more than the aver- 
age intelligence and integrity, and upon 
whom the responsibility for any abuse of 
power can be fixed with certainty. This 
can never be done in the case of local 
lecfislative assemblies. In most of our 
cities the local Legislatures do not bear 
the most enviable reputations, and even 
the best of them are so hampered by leg- 
islative conditions as to be inefficient 
administrators. 



180 



THE WORCESTER .MAGAZINE. 



Under the ])rovisions of the Greater 
New York charter the local Legislature, 
it is true, possesses exclusive power to 
grant such franchises, but it is provided 
that any ordinance granting such a fran- 
chise "shall on its introduction and first 
reading be referred by the municipal as- 
sembly to the Board of Estimate and Ap- 
portionment, who shall make inquiry as 
to the money value of the franchise or 
privilege proposed to l^e granted, and 
the adequacy of the compensation pro- 
posed to be paid therefor, and no grant 
thereof 1)_\- the municipal assembly shall 
be made except on terms approved by 
vote or resolution of the Board of Esti- 
mate and Apportionment. ' 

The practical effect of this provision 
is to leave to the popular legislative body 
the power to decide the broad question 
whether the public interests demand the 
granting of a franchise, and also to veto 
the terms proposed by the Board of Esti- 
mate and Apportionment, but the latter 
board is vested with those powers which 
may be said to relate to the bitsiness or 
commercial aspect of the proposition. 

As the Board of Estimate and Appor- 
tionment in the city of New York has 
always been a more or less efficient body, 
which has through all the changes of 
administration generally retained the 
confidence of the public, this scheme is 
one which has generally commended 
itself to students of New York city mu- 
nicipal affairs. 

Since the Greater New York consoli- 
dation, only two grants of franchises 
have been made under this provision, but 
the terms of the grants have been decid- 
edly better than those which had previ- 
ously been obtained by operation of the 
general railroad law re(|uiring sales of 
such franchises at public auction. 

On Dec. 5, 1899, the Board of Esti- 
mate and Apportionment fixed the 
monev value of the franchises sought by 



the Kingsliridge Railway Company and 
the h^ort George & Eleventh Avenue 
Railroad Company as follows : 

Vanv per cent, of the gross receipts 
during the first five years of operation. 

Six per cent, during the second five 
years. 

Eight per cent, during the third five 
years. 

Ten per cent, during the remaining ten 
years. 

These two franchises affected routes 
in comparatively imdeveloixHl portions 
of the citv. so that the operation of these 
railroads will not probably be profitable 
in the beginning. Nevertheless, before 
the expiration of the twenty-five-year 
term of the grant, it is practically certain 
that the city will be thickly settled in 
these localities, and at the end of the 
term the city will be free to fix new rates 
of compensation. 

It seems to me that such a plan as 
this comes as nearly as possible to the 
ideal method of exacting compensation 
for street railway franchises otherwise 
than municipal ownership and operation. 

There are nian\- important cities of the 
country which do not possess boards 
similar in composition to that of the 
Board of Estimate and Apportionment, 
but I know of no reason wh_\- in such 
cases the functions performed in the city 
of New York by the Board of Estimate 
and Apportionment should not be per- 
formed by either the mayor or comptroll- 
er of such cities, acting either alone or 
together. The principal thing is to have 
the business transaction connected with 
the granting of such franchises conduct- 
ed on behalf of the city by the highest 
type of official possible, and to centre the 
responsibilities so that there can be no 
escape in case the terms of the grant be 
manifestly improper. I think it is under 
such conditions that the best solution of 
this problem is to be found. 



Politics in Cit\ Elections. 




\K c|iiostion of lirinmini;- ])ar- 
nP lisaii politics into citv clec- 

lioiis will doubtless al\\a\s 
)c discusscHl. until cither the 
)artisans or the non-])ar- 

tisans are able to estal)lish 
leir peculiar theories tirnilw 

and all cities either bow to 
)oliticians or bow them out. 

Such as aro'ue strongly 
tor the non-partisan view lose sight 
of the fact that there must be two parties 
of some sort in the field, else there can be 
no contest. To divorce city elections 
from the old political organizations, it is 
necessary to consider some other divi- 
sion of forces. It can not be exjiected 
that there can ])e parties estal)lished on 
the basis of good-citizenship \s. boodle, 
for example: and the dominant issue in 
any city is not permanent enough for the 
purpose. It may be mtmicipal control 
of quasi-public corporations against pri- 
\ate ownership one year ; a tpiestion of 
paving, or water-supjily, or sewerage, or 
schools or parks, or what not. another 
year. What. then, shall be the basis for 
a division of the voters? for division 
there must and will be; without it there 
would l)e indifference and decay. Where 
non-})artisanship. so-called, has been op- 
erative it is usually easy to discover that 
the real issue was not real non-partisan- 
ship, but rather an attempt to force the 
political parties to rccog^nize certain 
rights or desires of the citizens that have 
operated to temporarily disturb the con- 
trol of the recognized political organiza- 
tions. Strict non-partisanshij) in city 
control is not a conceivalile condition, 
and what is usually termed non-i)artisan- 
ship is but a shifting of the base of the 



division of voters, or of a portion of 
them. This is, however, somewhat of an 
academical view. What is usually meant 
by non-partisanshi]i in city afifairs refers 
more particularly- to that freedom from 
the trannncls of political parties which 
])erniits of the exercise of judgment in 
city affairs, and does not permit of the 
imposition of i)arty fealty as a motive. 
.Vlong this line there seems to be a grow- 
ing sentiment that can not be too assid- 
uously cultivated. It is alleged that the 
tendency is rather toward partisanship in 
Canadian cities, whereat the Montreal 
Herald asked mayors of cities to express 
an opinion regarding the matter. Some 
of the replies are here reproduced from 
the colunnis of the Herald: 

Mayor Hart of Bostoji. 

A party administration of a city or 
country is responsible to the people and 
to a political i)arty. A non-party admin- 
istration is less responsible. True ])olit- 
ical parties are a help, not a hindrance. 
There is no real or fundamental difFer- 
ence between the general princi])les of 
numicipal and national government. If 
a man turned Christian and desired my 
advice. I might with a good conscience 
tell him to join a particular church and 
denomination, and not to be a rover or 
religious tramp. I supi)Ose I know party 
sins and denominational defects as well 
as the average person. 

Mayor Hayes of Baltimore. 

I am surprised to hear that the good 
peojile of Montreal or of any t)ther city 
of Canada think of changing their mu- 
nicipal administration from a non-parti- 
san to a political one. T think politics in 
numicipal legislation is destructive of 
good govermnent. I have been trying 
to run the govermnent of Baltimore for 
the past year on business policies out- 
side of politics. M\ first message shows 



182 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE 



what can be accomplished by Hmited 
pohtics in municipal government. 

Mayor Sivartc of Cohimbus, Ohio. 

Answering your inquiries I would say 
that under political conditions in this 
country my opinion has been in favor of 
party government in municipal affairs. 
From practical experience I have modi- 
fied that opinion to this extent : that 1 
believe all city departments should be 
under a strict civil-service law, classify- 
ing the employes and providing for 
open competitive examinations to fill va- 
cancies, due regard being had to the 
merit system in promotions, such exam- 
inations being conducted by a non-par- 
tisan board. I am inclined to believe 
that under our party system it would be 
next to impossible to eliminate political 
bias from the responsible heads of a mu- 
nicipal government, trained, as our peo- 
ple are, in over a century's practice and 
belief that the political policies of the 
parties with which they are affiliated are 
intimately connected with local organi- 
zation. I anticipate that the effect of a 
civil-service law, such as I have indi- 
cated, will be to eventually free munici- 
palities from partisan government. 

Mayor Pliclaii of Son Francisco. 

San Francisco inaugurated its new 
charter January 8th of last year, and it 
has now had a trial of one year. The ob- 
ject of the charter, among other things, 
was to make the government l)i-partisan, 
or non-partisan, as the case may l)e, and 
it sought to accomplish that result by 
ordering the municipal elections on a 
day separate and apart from the national 
or state elections, which are always par- 
tisan. It provided for boards and com- 
missions, to be appointed by the mayor, 
composed of members of different polit- 
ical parties, and it introduced civil-serv- 
ice reform, by which clerks and other 
subordinates are selected after an impar- 
tial examination from a list furnished by 
the Civil Service Commission, without 
respect to party at all. The city of^cers 
are noininated by political conventions 
generally representing the two great par- 
ties. In my last campaign I insisted that 
only municipal questions be discussed, 
and my opponents took the other view 



that national politics were involved. But 
the people repudiated this idea, and I am 
sure I, a Democrat, received a large 
number of Repul)lican votes. A non-par- 
tisan party existed for a time as a reform 
party, and practically went out of exist- 
ence when the government was con- 
ducted in a proper and acceptable man- 
ner, but if both national political parties 
should become corrupt in their local or- 
ganization the citizen would rally to a 
non-partisan party as they did before. 
. The advantage of a non-partisan govern- 
ment is that all good citizens co-operate 
to make it a success, whereas a partisan 
government receives the encouragement 
and support of only a part of the citi- 
zens. Bad men are frequently elected 
when the issue is a partisan one, the 
dominant party sweeping its candidate 
into offtce. A non-partisan campaign 
and government encourages independent 
thought and action, and a public man ap- 
peals to the best instincts of a commu- 
nity in his work and not merely to his 
party followers. Parties are lield to- 
gether by the distribution of places, and 
independent government is supported by 
the good will of all. The moral respon- 
sibility among citizens is best developed 
by non-partisanship. It has been demon- 
strated with us in the past that party re- 
s])onsil)ility or disciphne, which should 
compel a proper administration by can- 
didates, is so vague and shadowy that it 
accomplishes Init little. 

Ex-Mayor Jones of Toledo. Ohio. 

A partisan administration is an admin- 
istration carried on for the benefit of a 
part or party. It is government that is 
held together simply and solely by a hope 
of distribution of spoils, by a promise of 
plunder. It is as unscientific as it is un- 
christian. It is the devil's plan for sepa- 
rating a people into parties or fragments 
— a people who are one and whose in- 
terests are identical, and whose chief ob- 
ject in life should be to so order every 
detail as to contribute in largest meas- 
ure to the good of the whole. This is an 
non-partisan idea. It is based upon the 
thought of unity, of oneness ; of health 
for the individual, to be found only in the 
health of the whole mass. The party 
idea is diametrically opposed to it. It is 



THE WURC ESTER M A( i AZ 1 \ !•:. 



Ib3 



based on the idea that a few can capture 
every ofifice of the g-overnnient and tlien 
administer the whole machine for the 
benefit of the few — not even for the ben- 
efit of the whole party, but for the bene- 
fit of a select clique or rins:^. It is the 
old idea of government by kings and 
queens in a modified form. 

Mayor Farley of Cleveland, Ohio. 

Inefificient or corrupt men, no matter 
how chosen, will produce bad results. 
The reverse is true of good and efficient 
men. Good men. however, if elected as 
partisans on partisan issues are handi- 
capped and embarrassed by party ties 
and party obligations. Good business 
and loyalty to duty are nc^t always good 
politics, as the game is })layed, the fact 
that such should not be the case to the 
contrary notwithstanding. The party 
men, especially the jiarty organ, though 
they will not admit it, seldom fail to take 
advantage of popular error as a weapon 
against party opponents, even when their 
consciences tell them that the public in- 
terests and faithful performance of duty 
are being served. I'artisanism is the 
bane of city government, because with 
promotion of party interests in view, or 
personal party promotion, there is ever 
])resent the tendency and inducement to 
cultivate all the elements of a big city, 
none of which, unfortimately, however, 
are more potential politically than 
the vicious, dangerous, demagogical, 
anarchistic elements. These, to the 
shame of the better, thoughtful 
element of society, take more in- 
terest and are always, perhaps be- 
cause their existence depends upon po- 
litical unity and activity, more prone to 
make themselves felt as political factors 
by the ease with which they flop to one 
party or another, according as they arc 
coddled or humored, to the detriment of 
the social organization and the degrada- 
tion of its tone and character. 

Mayor Briggs of Trenton, X. J. 

The princi])al reason for favoring non- 
partisan municipal elections is that the 
matters to be considered pertain only to 
the municipal government, and are. 
therefore, of an entirely different nature 
from the questions at issue in state and 



national elections. I feel that we ac- 
complish all that is desired by having 
our niunici])al elections in the s])ring, 
while our other elections are held in the 
fall. 1 am unable to see why one system 
should develop a sense of moral respon- 
sibility among citizens more than the 
other, there being no national or state 
questions at issue. At our spring elec- 
tions it is incumbent on both parties to 
put forward their best men, and the 
tickets are made up some days in ad- 
vance of the election, and the personal 
character of the candidates is often an 
important factor. 

Mayor Diehl of Pittsburgh. 

I have always been a partisan man, 
and I believe that partisanship will pro- 
duce the best results. In any event it is 
a question of electing good men to office. 
If vou get the right kind of a man in 
office he will give you a good adminis- 
tration, if otherwise a poor administra- 
tion. If one party does not put up hon- 
est and capable candidates the citizens 
should aid the other party to defeat said 
candidates, and. if they are in office, turn 
them out and replace them with good 
men. 

Mayor Waddell of Wilmington, .V. C. 

I have never seen a non-partisan ad- 
ministration, and therefore could not 
speak from observation and experience. 
Except as to minor matters involving no 
political responsibility, every municipal- 
itv of which I know anything is con- 
trolled by officers nominated and elected 
by a political party. I should regard 
a purely non-partisan administration, 
elected on a basis of merit and capabil- 
itv, as quite an ideal government. 

Mayor Smith of St. Pan!. Minn. 

W'e have always operated under the 
])arti-an system in this community, either 
nominally or actually. I'or many years 
the Democratic party was in ])ractically 
undisputed control in this communit\ . 
during a portion of which I have held 
different offices, including the one whicii 
I now hold. During that period men 
were appointed without any special ref- 
erence to party ])redilection. The course 
possessed the public aiipr.)val apf)arent- 



184 



THE WORCESTER AlAGAZIXE. 



ly, notwithstanding that where there 
were opposing candidates for position, 
the preference was given nsuahy, every- 
thing else being eqnal, to the Democratic 
candidate. With a change of party con- 
trol, the partisan system was introduced 
and forced into general operation by the 
representatives of the Republican party. 
It has now been in operation for ten 
vears or over. I do not think that there 
is any decided advantage existing, so 
long as the people are desirous of elect- 
ing the best men. That is the disposi- 
tion shown among our people ; and I 
think it is made fairly plain by successive 
elections that, while the great bulk of 
the voters may divide themselves by 
party lines, there is always a large pro- 
portion of the voting population which 
is controlled entirely by considerations 
of the fitness of the respective candi- 
dates. Their action usually controls the 
result of our local elections : and I am 
free to say that except when great i)arty 
political excitement prevails the results 
are usually promotive of the best inter- 
ests of the city. Under existing condi- 
tions it would be practically impossible 
to introduce the purely non-]:)artisan 
system of electicjns in American cities. 

Mayor IVcaz'cr of fAHiis'i'illc. I\y. 

My experience is that ]:)arty responsi- 
l)ility insures the best government, and 
the more power invested in the head of 
the government, the better the govern- 
ment. 



Mayor Prcfontaiiic of Montreal. 

Rate-payers should only look to hon- 
est and efficient administration without 
having regard to the cpiestion of political 
belief. I am inclined to think that there 
is no great difiference of opinion between 
the two political parties in this connec- 
tion. I do not know whether another 
practice has prevailed elsewhere in Can- 
ada, or that successful attempts have 
been made to conduct municipal afifairs 
and municipal elections according to the 
divisions existing between the political 
parties. If such process were followed 
I fancy that, in the end, it would hurt 
both. Sooner or later, one of the parties 
would become so strong that it would 
make itself independent of public opin- 
ion. Of course, you can not help having, 
in some isolated cases, a certain number 
of electors who will follow their political 
proclivities in voting for a candidate, but 
so long as this is not sanctioned by the 
leaders it can not have any lasting effect. 

Mayor JVinncIt of Lincoln, Xch. 

Inrst, partisan numicipal administra- 
tion has no advantages over a non-parti- 
san one ; second, that there are no theo- 
retical reasons favoring the numicipality, 
btU there may be favoring the party: 
third, the non-partisan system seems to 
me by far the better. I was elected mayor 
of this cit\' two vears ago as a Republi- 
can, but in op])osition to what is known 
as the ring, and have conducted the af- 
fairs of the city nearer the non-partisan 
standard than ever before. 







»> 

^ 



'^^ 



Parties and Partisanship in City Elections. 



Bv H. W. F. 




XI-^ of the tuiidanicntal ideas 
( \ of |n-overnnicnt is that each 
^ ^ nieinl)er sliall ex]:)ress his 
opinion on the policies and 
nietliDcIs of the government, 
and tliat tliis opinion shall 
have intlnence on the policv 
to be followed, or the method 
to be adopted. 

When all the people have 
the right, and exercise it, of inflnencing 
and modifying the action of the political 
unit to which they belong, the govern- 
ment of that political unit is a govern- 
ment by the ])eople. There the people 
themselves are the ultimate governing 
body, and their representatives are mere 
automatons, so to speak, chosen to carry 
out the will of the people. 

There is another method of popular 
government, where, as in the first, the 
people are the ultimate source of power, 
Init where the decision on all the 
innnediate questions of government 
is made, not by a i)0])ular ma- 
jority, l)ut by the o])inion of the 
people's representatives whom the peo- 
]ile choose, not to act as "hired men," 
but for their own intrinsic abilitv and 
good judgment; and to them the i)eople, 
for the time being, delegate the power of 
government. The latter form may be 
called a government of. or for. the peo- 
ple. l)Ut is not government /'V llu' pe()])k'. 
The government of the I'nited States, 
for instance, as is well known, is a com- 
bination of both methods of popular gov- 
ernment : the latter predominating in the 
early history of the country, and the for- 
mer seeming in the ascendant to-day. 



Ii] the first methotl tjf government b\ 
the people, it is inevitable that on all 
questions of policy and on nearly all of 
the manner or form of government, there 
will be differences of opinion; it is also 
inevitable that those of the same wav of 
thinking will combine to impress the na- 
tional life with their own views, and will 
come into opposition with other groups 
of citizens with the same purpose in 
view. 

This results in tlie formation of par- 
ties, and as a common purpose breeds 
confidence, and confidence, not betrayed, 
leads to more intimate dependence, the 
parties often continue after the innne- 
diate object of their formation has l)een 
accomplished. 

The second method of government ha> 
in itself no germs of partisanship : to 
choose the best qualified and most hon- 
orable citizens needs no association. The 
personal merits of a candidate can not 
be made the subject of debate — it is a 
qitestion of fact on which the ignorant 
are silent when the knowing speak. 

I!ut the fact of the existence of parties 
adds one more (|ualification to the candi- 
date : he must be upright, he nuist be ex- 
])erienced. and he must belong to "our 
]')arty." 

In the case of mtmicipal government 
this ([ualification is a source of greater 
harm, because the parties are divided on 
Federal policies, while the fitness of the 
candidate is in relation to city afifairs. 
But the citizens must differ as to the pol- 
icy to be pursued by the government of 
the city. They do: but their differences 
there are overborne bv their differences 



186 



THE WORCESTER MAC.AZTXE, 



in regard to national policies, and these 
determine their party division. In 
American cities, however, the tendency 
seems to be rather to a selection of city 
officers according- to their individual 
qualifications than to a discussion and 
decision of municipal ([uestions as they 
arise. 

As the national party influence seems 
to be too strong to be cast aside in city 
elections, it becomes very important that 
this dominance shall be an assistance in 
choosing the best men rather than a hin- 
drance. In other words, as it seems that 
as the qualification of party allegiance is 
settled at the election, the ([ualifications 
of experience, ability and honesty shoukl 
be settled at the caucus. 

The division by national parties in mu- 
nicipal elections, being imposed from 
without, as it were, the caucus becomes 
the only opportunity, not (inly for select- 
ing competent men for city officers, but 



also for expressing opinions upon their 
conductof numicipal afifairs. While in the 
national life the primaries unite individ- 
uals into parties and the parties deter- 
mine the policy of the government, it 
seems true that in numicipal life the pri- 
maries nmst determine the policy of the 
citv. as parties are already formed on 
other lines than those of municipal af- 
fairs. 

The primaries in city elections ought 
to be safeguarded as nmch as, and are 
more important than, the ballot itself, 
anil instead of being controlled by party 
organizations, they should become the 
means of expressing the individual pref- 
erences of the citizens, untrammeled by 
party associations and free from the dic- 
tation of party bosses. To this end the 
conduct of the primaries should secure 
the freest possible field for independent 



votmg. 



Lessons ot the Worcester Citv Election. 



By R. B. F. 




HE last numicipal election in 
'T' the city of \\"orcester has re- 
ceived its full share of atten- 
tion all over the cottntry from 
the fact that in a total vote 
approaching twenty thousand 
the result was a tie. It was 
certainly a tuiiciue and re- 
markable incident that in a 
general city election ex- 
actly 8061 votes were returned 
by the election officers as having 
been cast for each of the candidates 
nominated V)}- the Republican and Demo- 
cratic parties. Prof. Mendenhall can no 
doubt tell us how many eons must 
elapse before, tmder the law of chance, 
a similar result may be expected in this 
partictilar cit\-. It will not be of so fre- 



([tient occurrence or so imminent, we 
imagine, as to cause any apprehension or 
alarm among the candidates now in 
training for numicipal honors. 

The tie vote was settled in a second 
electiiMi with an increased total vote, at 
which the Democratic candidate received 
a majority of a little over five lumdred. 
Both candidates were men of character 
and ability, and were nominated by their 
respective parties bv a full and free vote 
at the primaries. 

Xo vital questions of ntiuiici[)al gov- 
eriuncnt were at stake, nor was any issue 
drawn on miniicipal policies. Yet in a 
cit\- normall}" Republican on state and 
national issues by several thousand ma- 
ioritw the Democratic candidate was 
elected, and no one seems to expect any 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



187 



radical change in the even tenor or on- 
going of the city government. The re- 
sult cannot be attributed to any feehng 
of deep-seated (hstrust of jjoHtical meth- 
ods, or of retahation for any miwar- 
ranted assumption of pohtical power. 
Two Republican candidates were voted 
for at the first primaries, and the suc- 
cessful one received a pronounced ma- 
jorit}- of his party vote, and after having 
endured the wage of battle at the first 
election, there was little feeling that he 
should in the second contest stand aside 
for another. 

Stich a move would not have l^een 
likely to change the result, as it would 
have been opposed to the innate sense 
of fair play which is yet a potent factor 
at the polls. 

Since the recent presidential election 
with its decided Republican majority in 
the city, it is not probable that any con- 
siderable change hatl occurred in the 
party affiliations of the voters. The 
Democratic voters neededlittle added in- 
centive to the most active efifort to se- 
cure the prize of a mayor after twenty- 
five annual defeats. 

^^'ith no other city officers to choose 
and the license question settled, the Re- 
l)ublicans might reasonably expect a re- 
dttced vote Ijy which they would l)e the 
greatest losers, tmless the constraining" 
influence of party fealty should counter- 
act it, and the usual appeals to preserve 
the integrity of the party were strenu- 
ously made. 

Xi )t withstanding, m > inconsi(leral)le 
number of Rei)ul)lican voters, oblivious 
to these a])peals. voted for the Democrat- 
ic candidate. ])referring his success, and 
evidentl}' thinking" that the dire results 
of a Democratic administration, with the 
usual Republican majorit\' in the other 
branches of the city government, had 
been somewhat overdrawn. The dra- 
matic outcome of a tie vote at the first 
election has served to fix the attention 
of the whole country, and it is likelv to 



obscure other less striking biu more im- 
portant features which should teach 
some important lessons to the voters of 
Worcester. 

This is not the opportimity to review 
them in detail, but one or two are too 
important to pass unnoticed. 

We have learned that Worcester has 
many voters, and may their tribe ne'er 
grow less who believe that citizenship 
is bigger than politics. Such voters are 
not apt to revise their jtidgment of nm- 
nicipal candidates by the simple and un- 
supported appeal to save the party. To 
the credit of Worcester be it said that 
some appeals made in the heat of the 
campaign reflecting upon the character 
of candidates, proved boomerangs, and it 
should teach all who seek to influence 
voters that questionable methods, and 
some that are too base to be question- 
able, react with fatal effect and expose 
the political stupidity of their authors. 
The citizens of W^orcester do not take 
]<indly to aspersions upon a candidate's 
nationality or religion. We ought long 
ago to have outgrown the narrow idea 
that a man is the better or worse as a 
candidate for mayor for his being a 
Methodist or a Catholic, an Irishman or 
a Swede. We are all too near our an- 
cestral inunigrant to be moved by such 
barbaric notions. Let us hope the im- 
])ortant lesson may have been learned 
that partv service, personal vindication. 
or even desire for an office, are not in 
themselves a sufficient or valid claim for 
suffrages in a numicipal election. The 
intrinsic worth of the high office of 
niavor is not measured by such small 
considerations. 

That when the contest has once been 
settled at the ])olls the successful can- 
didate is the mayor of Worcester and of 
all her citizens, and his acts and motives 
shoulil not be met with carping criticism 
or feelings of distrust, but with the as- 
sumption that he will jirove upright, in- 
dependent and successful. 



The Worcester Board of Trade Glee Club. 



Bv One of the Club. 




of Trade 
singing"," 
the singing" 



( ) nine men (^ut of ten, or in 
an\- other eity, a "board of 
trade" and a "glee elub" are 
ideas far ajjart. lUit in the 
city of Worcester, whose 
annual l'"esti\-al of IMusic is 
l)econie not alone the pride of 
all America. l)ut the compeer 
of the old world, it is not 
strange that even her iioard 
should "break forth into 
nor is it surprising that 
is of a high standard. 
Xot the least of Worcester's products 
are her singers. A \\'orcester soprano 
created the title role in Dr. Parry's "Ju- 
dith" at the ^lanchester Festival in Eng- 
land : another has recently made a par- 
ticularly successful debut in grand opera 
in Italy, while a Worcester bass and a 
Worcester tenor are to-day recognized 
as two of the best concert voices in Eng- 
land. We can't help it — it's in the air. 
In January. 1896, the writer called to- 
gether a number of Worcester's best 
male voices, inviting them to organize a 
male singing club, with the sole object 
of musical enjoyment and mutual im- 
provement. Nineteen men responding 
to the invitation, met at the home of ^Ir. 
J. ]\I. Bassett. and organized the "Apollo 
Club of Worcester," with l\lv. A. ^^'. 
Parmelee as president, and Mr. A.J. Bas- 
sett as conductor. The club, however, 
Avas not destined to achieve fame as the 
"Apollo Club," for within a few weeks 
after its organization it became a mem- 
ber of the Board of Trade family — by 
adoption. ^Ir. Parmelee was at that 
time one of the directors of the Board 
of Trade, and chairman of the Commit- 



tee on Meetings and Receptions, and in 
his fertile brain was conceived the idea 
of the adoption of the club by the lioard. 
I'pon his reconnnendation the di- 
rectors extended to the club the patron- 
age of the I'.oard of Trade, which wa> 
unanimously and gratefully acce])ted l)y 
them, and the club has since been known 
as the "Worcester Board of Trade CiWl- 
Club." This turn in affairs was most 
fortunate for the club, fortunate, too. for 
the P)oard. and the strongest loyalty ob- 
tains to-day, and we trust ever will, be- 
tween the "voice" of the Board and the 
officers and directors. 

The (dee Cltib comes naturalh" under 
the supervision of the Committee on 
Meetings and Receptions, and has many 
times ]iroved a source of great help to 
that connnittee in its work. 

The first appearance of the (dee L'\u\) 
was the occasion of the annual l)anc|uet 
of the Board of Trade in Horticultural 
Hall. AjM-il 27th. 1806. This introduc- 
tion was a most agreeable suri)rise to 
most of the niendiers of the Board, and 
since that time the singing of the club 
has been not the least acceptable feature 
oi these annual dinners. 

Mr. Parmelee has held the office of 
president of the club since its organiza- 
tion, and. thanks to his genial, happy 
management, none of the dissensions so 
]:)roverbial with singers have ever ap- 
peared in our club to mar its ])rogress. 
t the close of the season of 1898-99. ow- 
ing to his engagements with the festival 
chorus, anil his association with the 
Columbia Universitv of New York, ]Mr. 
Bassett resigned as conductor of the 



THE W O R C E ST E R M A ( 1 A Z I X E . 



189 



clul). Mr. ("ieor.G;-e X. Mi)rsc. the pres- 
ciii conductor, was elected to tliat office 
at the first nieetinj;- in October, 1899, 
and to liis skill. enter])rise and indefati- 
gable work are due the present high 
standard and increased nienibershi]). ( )l 
his courage and intrepid perseverance 
loo much cannot be >aid. The work of 
the club at our last concert, in that most 
difficult of all compositions for male 
voices. Max I'.rucirs "l-'ritldc if," dem- 
onstrated, beyond ([uestion, the cai)acity 
of the conductor and the club. Our 
membership now numbers thirty-seven, 
and as, according' to our by-laws, the 
limit is forty, and we have several ap])li- 
cants, it is no longer a matter of num- 
bers, but all our efforts are bent toward 
ra])i(l im])rovement to |)erfection. 

The club has given two or more public 
concerts each season, to which the mem- 
bers of the Ijoard and their families are 
invited, tickets being issued by the sec- 
retary of the Uoard. without charge to 
members. It is needless to say that 
these ccjucerts have been ])atr(inized to 
the extent of the hall, and that they are 
become marked events in the social life 
of our musical eit_\-. At each concert 
the club has the assistance of two vocal 
or in>trumental artists of the highest 
rank. In the past we have heard Mrs. 
."^heppard, Mrs. Harris, Miss Cutter, 
Miss Eastman, Miss Provan, sopranos; 
-Mrs. Miller, Miss Hoitt, contraltos: Mr. 
hover, tenor; Mr. I'arber, baritone; Mr. 
Ilassett, ])ianist ; .Mr. Edwards, Mr. 
( lieney, violinists: .Mr. I'.rown. 'cellist; 
and others. All these without exception 
have aided the club very acceptably, and 
to them the club tenders sincere thanks. 

It is not saying too much to claim for 
the club a rank in musical degree ecpial 
to such clubs as the .\])ollo of lloston, 
or the Mendelssohn of .Xew NOrk. ( )ur 
club is particularly fortunate in being 
strong where almost all male clubs are 
weak — in the extreme parts, 'idle ranks 
of the first tenors include some reallv 



])henomenally high voices and of suffi- 
cient number and volume ; the low l>ass, 
too. is unusually well found, the list be- 
ing lull and the voices of remarkable 
(piality. It nuist not be thnught that 
the intermediate parts are lacking, for 
such is not the case, but the greatest dif- 
ficulty in the formation of male choirs is 
always to secure (piality and range in the 
tipper and lower voices. Erom this 
standpoint the Worcester Hoard of 
Trade (dee Club has no su])erii ir. 

-Already the Glee Club occupies the po- 
sition of a bureau of supply to the music 
committees of our local churches. The 
officers of the club have, this season, 
l)een apjilied to by several church so- 
cieties for soloists for their choirs. In- 
deed the fame of the Worcester Board 
of Trade Clee Club has extended beyond 
our adjacent towns, even to Philadelphia, 
which city we have been invited to visit, 
there to compete for prizes with other 
clubs at a grand festival. Local towns 
have asked us to give concerts for va- 
rious objects, but as yet we have given 
but one concert outside of Worcester, 
that in the I'irst Congregational Church 
of Milford. on January 8th of the pres- 
ent year. The club also assisted at the 
debut of the promising young soprano. 
Miss Maria Idndstrom. at Mechanics 
I tail, in Xo\ember last. 

The intluence of the club during its 
existence has been felt b\ the lioard in a 
better attendance at inifjortant meetings, 
an increased membershi]). a develop- 
ment of interest and in promoting good 
fellowshi]) in our monthly smoke-talks. 
It is the purpose of the club to give each 
season two concerts of a po])ular mis- 
cellaneous character, and one interven- 
ing that shall be devoted to substantial 
works of a high order by the best nias- 
itrs. We aim for the future to maintain 
and elevate that high staii<lard which is 
already Worcester's musically and coiii- 
niercialK'. 



190 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE, 



A Plea tor Home Trading. 



As an object lesson, a California 
orange grower recently allowed ten 
acres of orange trees to take care of 
themselves, trusting nature to produce 
a crop unaided. He harvested sixty 
boxes of indifferent fruit from the trees 
on this ten-acre plot. An adjoining ten- 
acre plot, planted with the same kind of 
trees of the same age, he loaded with 
fertilizer^ plowed it in, irrigated it and 
harrowed it. He went over it with plow 
and harrow, and irrigated it, each month. 
From this ten-acre plot he marketed 600 
boxes of prime fruit. 

This illustrates a difference that prop- 
er care and intelligent cultivation make 
in the product of any field, agricultural 
or commercial ; and exemplifies a princi- 
ple that always produces a like result. 

It is eminently applicable to the growth 
and importance of a city, and the ferti- 
lizer that must be used is the patronage 
of home enterprises by the people. The 
principle is double-acting. The citizen 
who patronizes foreign tradesmen never 
profits by such a policy, in the long run, 
because he is himself more or less de- 
pendent vipon the patronage and good 
will of his fellow citizens, and they do 
not fail to apply the principle of reciproc- 
ity in trade. 

But the most important motive is less 
distinctly selfish, yet is thoroughly selfish 
in a broad sense, and acts more effectual- 
ly if not so apparently. One's attitude 
toward his own town is reflected in the 
town's attitude toward its citizens ; as 
you treat your town, in like manner your 
town will treat you. It is the doctrine 
of environment working both ways — the 
man shaping and toning the environ- 
ment, and the environment aiding the 
man. 

It is not necessary to resort to ab- 
stract principles, however legitimate 
they may be, to found an argument favor- 



ing home trading upon. It is almost uni- 
versally true that immediate economy 
and convenience favor it. Home mer- 
chants feel the continual presence of di- 
rect responsibility, and can easily be 
made to recognize it. I f they ever manifest 
a disposition to avoid strict accountabil- 
ity and full responsibility, they can very 
easily be disciplined by transferring pat- 
ronage to competitors. In trading at 
home there is a wider range of choice, 
as to fashion, quality and price, which is 
limited if orders are sent abroad; and 
this element is in very perfect operation 
in a city so well supplied with all lines of 
merchandise as is Worcester. 

The advantages of trading at home are 
so many and so obvious that it seems a 
waste of energy to attempt to clearly set 
them down, or to argue in their support. 
The question is one of those fundamental 
ones that seem likely to be as well under- 
stood by all as by any student. It is sup- 
ported affirmatively by business sense, 
and by more subtle reasonings that have 
their roots in those principles of com- 
munal life that have made America the 
first nation of the world, and have found 
expression in our great national policy 
of protection, as well as in most of the 
peculiar political principles that go to 
make up the sum of our distinction over 
other coimtries. 

Still, while philosophy, sociology, etc., 
may easily be drafted to plead its cause, 
the chiefest practical argument for home- 
trading is just plain, sordid, dollars-and- 
cents self-interest, which manifests and 
proves itself upon the occasion of the 
purchase of every bill of goods for the 
household. It need not limit choice in 
the least, as traders in a city of Worces- 
ter's size are always willing to carry in 
stock, or order, anything their patrons 
desire. 



rill'". \\()K("ESTEK MACAZIXE 



H>1 




15ANK BUILDIXC, ii J-OSTlvR STR]:!:'!'. 

OFFICERS. 

President, RUFUS B. FOWLER. Vick-Prksident, ROGER F. UPIIAM. 

Treasurer, GILBERT K. RAND. Secretary, CHARLES E. SQUIER. 

Directors. 
WihLiA.M Hart, Milton P. Higgins, W. M. Si'ailding, 

Irving E. Comins, John C. MacInnes, Edw. M. Woodward, 

Edwin P. Curtis, John R. Back, William H. Blodget', 

Roger F. Ui'Ham, Hon. C. G. Washhlrn, James H. Whittle, 

Geo. W. Mackintire, Rufus B. Fowler, Willia.m H. Inman.' 



Henry F. Harris, 
Francis H. Dewey, 
Hon. E. B. Crane, 
Harlan P. Duncan, 
Lyman A. Ely, 



Clerk of i/ic Corporation, H. Ward Bates. 



Aiidilor, Charles A. Chase. 



Chairmen of Committees. 



Membership, William W. Johnson. 
Ways afid Mea/is, Milton P. Higgins. 
yfaniifactures, Hon. Chas. G. Washhurn. 
Meetings and Reeeptions, Henry F. Harris. 
Mereantile ^IJpairs, John C. MacInnes. 
Transportaiiofi a7id Railroads, E. P. Curtis. 



Statistics and Ifi/ormation, G. W. Mackintire. 
Arbitration, Lyman A. Y,\.\. 
Legislation, Hon. Ellery B. Crane. 
New Enterprises, Harlan P. Duncan. 
Municipal Ajfairs, Edward M. Woodward. 
Taxation and Instirance, Roger F. Utham. 



Board of IVade Notes. 



The special committee on the Devens 
statue have considered a plan for rais- 
ing funds and prepared a report to be 
submitted to the directors. 

The special committee on New York 
mail delivery and on advertising, and 
the committees on Municipal Affairs 
and Transportation and Railroads, re- 
port progress. 

The efforts of the Board of Trade 
for lower express charges between 
Worcester, Xorthboro and Marlboro 
have proved effective, and new reduced 
rates went into effect March i, 1901. 

The Committee on Transportation 
and 'Railroads are endeavoring to 
secure better rail communication be- 
tween Worcester and towns on the 
Massachusetts Central railroad. 

It ought not to require days for a car 
of freight to make the journey from 



Worcester to Fitchburg; the railroad 
should be a closer competitor of the 
wagon-road and stage-line. 

The Committee on Transportation 
and Railroads are having ample op- 
portunity for public service, as matters 
referred to them involve a great 
amount of investigation and labor. It 
is hoped the Board will appreciate their 
efforts, as they are not paid a large 
salary. 

The Board of Trade is chiefly based 
upon a sentiment of public spirit. It 
is what a citizen gives in service, and 
interest in the welfare of the city, and 
not what he "gets out of it" that makes 
him an efficient member of the Board 
of Trade. 

|. It^varts (ireene, Esq., addressed 
the Board of Directors at the February 
meeting in favor of the Devens statue. 



192 



THE WORCESTER ^lAGAZINE. 



giving an interesting sketch of the 
character of General Devens, and an 
account of the movement now being 
made to interest the citizens of Wor- 
cester in the erection of the proposed 
equestrian statue in front of the Court 
House. 

The annual banquet will be held 
April 19. Patriots' day. 

Our illustration of the Board of 
Trade Glee Club is from a recent 
photograph by Schervee. 

The March "smoke-talk" is appointed 
for the 2ist inst. , with an interesting 
programme and the usual lunch and 
social hour. 



The Board has passed a resolution in 
favor of the amendment to the "itin- 
erant vendor" law, known as Senate 
Bill No. 172, and aimed to prevent the 
sale of merchandise from the sidetracks 
of railroads by traveling hucksters. 
Copies of the resolution have been sent 
to members of the Legislature and to 
other boards of trade' in the state. 

A communication received from 
County Commissioner George W. Cook 
of Barre was referred to the Commit- 
tee on Transportation and Railroads. 
Mr. Cook calls attention to the inade- 
quate railroad facilities between Wor- 
cester and Barre, and suggests better 
connection between the Massachusetts 
Central and Fitchburg at Jefferson's. 



The Pan-American Exposition, to be 
held at Buffalo from May ist to No- 
vember ist, 1901, deservesthe attention 
of Worcester manufacturers. A con- 
cise illustrated pamphlet of interest 
about the exposition and its different 
departments, is for free distribution at 
the Board of Trade rooms. 

The Board of Trade Glee Club is 
receiving many commendations for 
their artistic work at their first concert 
on the 5th inst. Association Hall was 
filled, and the club was assisted by 
Mrs. H. F. Harris, soprano; Mr. Benj. 
Barber, baritone, and Mr. Forrest 
Cheney of Rochester, N. Y., violinist. 

The Executive Council of the State 
Board recommend the following impor- 
tant subjects for consideration and dis- 
cussion by boards of trade and similar 
organizations: " Improvements in Pos- 
tal Service;" "Our Consular System;" 
"Foreign Marine Laws;" "Corporation 
Laws;" " Nicaragua Canal and New 
Territories." 



A special meeting of the directors 
was held to hear the report of the 
Committee on Meetings and Receptions 
on the visit of President McKinley to 
Worcester next June as the guest of 
vSenator Hoar. It was unanimously 
voted that the Board of Trade invite 
the president to attend a reception and 
dinner on such date as will accord with 
plans arranged for his visit. 

The special committee appointed to 
take charge of the reception to Presi- 
dent McKinley consists of the presi- 
dent of the Board of Trade and the 
present Committee on Meetings and 
Receptions, consisting of Henry F. 
Harris, Esq., Dr. Thomas C. Menden- 
hall, Freeman Brown, Thomas B. Ham- 
ilton, Gen. Robert H. Chamberlain, 
James Draper, William A. Lytle, 
Arthur O. Young and George F. 
Booth. 

The regular February meeting of 
the directors was addressed by Mr. H. 
G. Otis on the "Distribution of the 



WdRCESTEK M \<;.\ZI \ !• 



193 



State Corporation Tax" in connection 
with the report of the Joint Committee 
(jn Legislation and Taxation and Insur- 
ance, relating to the communication of 
the Somerville Board of Trade. The 
joint committee reported that it was in- 
expedient to change the present plan of 
distribution of the state corporation 
tax and against the passage by the 
T>egislature of House Bill Xo. 148. 

The address by Mr. James Draper, 
u[)onthe parks and play-grounds of 
Worcester, at the February "smoke- 
talk"' of the Board of Trade, interested 
the large number present. The first part 
of the address was a survey of the 
action taken by .Worcester as a town 
and city for providing open spaces, 
beginning at the setting apart of the 
old Common and including the forma- 
tion of the present Park Commission 
and the development of the park sys- 
tem, and paying a deserved tribute to 
the far-seeing and public-spirited ser- 
vice rendered by Edward L. Davis, 
Edward ^V'inslow Lincoln, Obadiah 
Hadwen and Stephen Salisbury. To 
this list of names the audience men- 
tally added that of the speaker, which 



he had modestly omitted. Many pres- 
ent obtained, for the first time, a clear 
idea of what is contemplated for the 
future development of the park system 
of the city with its connecting drive- 
ways, and an appreciation of the an- 
nually recurring labor of the Park 
Commissioners. Elm Park, which was 
fittingly described as a monument to 
Edward Winslow Lincoln, Lake, East, 
Crompton, North, Dodge, University 
and Listitute parks were described; 
the locatinn, history, size, state of im- 
provement and individual charac- 
teristics of each were given, the 
audience sharing in the sympathetic 
interest of the speaker for these dedi- 
cated fields where our citizens may, in 
generations to come, "in the love of 
nature, hold communion with her visi- 
ble forms." Small and well-distributed 
playgrounds, especially in the more 
thickly peopled sections of the city, 
were urged as a necessity, and mention 
was made of those already established. 
In the half hour after the "smoke-talk" 
a well-served lunch aided in the pro- 
motion of sociability and a better ac- 
quaintance among the members. 



Warm Words About New ^'ork Citv. 



Dr. Hrnkv Van Dvkk, at 

Xcw York! Thai was IJolland's dis- 
covery, llolland's gift. The leading 
city, the tolerant, generous. l)r<)ad- 
hcarted, much-enduring, hard-working, 
(ipen-handed city! She sufifcred most in 
the cause of the Revolution. She gave 
most in the cause of union. She has 
been the centre of llmse inlUiences wliich 
lia\(.- lield the nation together in ])eaceful 
progress and saved it from rigid provin- 
cialism and rabid fanaticism. Xew ^'orK 
has her faults, and conseciuently her mis- 
fortunes. She is too tolerant to be al- 
ways vigilant, too prosperous to be al- 
wavs prudent, too patient to always 



Holland .Sociktv Dinnkk, 

guard her own honor and liberty. She 
suffers from depredators. She groans 
under absentee rule. But even her mis- 
fortunes can not break her native 
strength, and with all her faults we love 
her still. Give her home rule, let her 
own best citizens be her leaders and gov- 
ernors, ransom her municipal govern- 
ment from the \oke of ])olitics and let 
her conduct it as an honest business, and 
Xew \'ork stands out as the imperial 
citv of the continent, magnanimous as 
she is magnificent. Right glad are vvc 
that our ancestors found this pearl and 
set it in the diadem of America. 



194 THE WORCESTER AIAGAZIXE, 



Banking Facilities of Worcester. 

NATIONAL BANKS. 

ENTRAL NATIONAL BANK, 452 Main Street. Incorporated as a State Bank in 1S29; as a 
National Bank iu 1S64. Capital, §300,000; surplus and undivided profits, $120,000. Divi- 
dends April I and October i; rate past year, 5 per cent. President, Henry A. Marsh; Cashier, 
William Woodward; Directors, Samuel R. Heywood, Waldo Lincoln, Charles M. Thayer, Henry 
A. Marsh, Charles H. Hutchins, Philip W. Moan, Rockwood Hoar, George F. Blake, Jr. 



a 



1 



ITIZENS' NATIONAL BANK, 342 Main Street. Incorporated as a State Bank in iS36;asa 
National Bank in 1S64. Capital $150,000; surplus $82,000. Dividends April i and October i ; 
rate past vear, 6 per cent. President, Henry S. Pratt; Cashier, George A. Smith; Directors. 
Henry S.' Pratt. George B. Buckingham, Samuel E. Winslow, John C. Maclnnes, William H. 
Crawford, Burton H. Wright, Herbert Parker. 



HITY NATIONAL BANK, 344 Main Street. Incorporated as a State Bank in 1854; as a Na- 
tional Bank in 1S64. Capital $200,000; surplus and undivided profits, $100,000. Dividends 
April and October; rate past vear, 5 per cent. President, Nathaniel Paine; Cashier, B. F. Saw- 
yer; Directors, Loring Coes, William E. Rice, Arthur M. Stone, Thomas H. Gage, Henry M. 
Witter, Edward D. Thayer, Jr., T. H. Gage, Jr., Otis E. Putnam. Nathaniel Paine. 

IRST NATIONAL BANK, 474 Main Street. Incorporated in 1S63. Capital $300,000; sur- 
plus and undivided profits §240,689. Dividends May i and November i; rate past year. 10 



n 



percent. President, Albert H. Waite; Cashier, Gilbert K. Rand; Directors, Arthur P. Rugg, 
Ransom C. Taylor, William H. Saw^-er, Albert H. Waite, Orlando W. Norcross. William H. In- 
man, J. Russel Marble, Frederick E. Reed. 

BflECHANICS' NATIONAL BANK, 311 Main Street. Incorporated in 1S65. Capital $200,000; 
I'iill surplus and undivided profits §57,327. Dividends April i and October i ; rate past year, 
4 percent. President, Francis H. Dewey; Assistant Cashier, M. H. Lowe; Directors. Francis 
H. Dewey, Stephen Sawver, Charles A. Hill, Thomas B. Eaton, Stephen Holman, G. M. Bassett, 
W. M. Spaulding, B. W.'Childs. 

jllUINSIGAMOND NATIONAL BANK, 316 Main Street. Incorporated as a State Bank in 1S33; 

yi as a National Bank in 1865. Capital $250,000; surplus and undivided profits $160,000. Div- 
idends April and October; rate past year, 6 per cent. President, E. B. Stoddard; Cashier, H. P. 
Murray; Directors, E. B. vStoddard, M. V. B. Jefferson. Samuel Brown. T. S. Johnson, Jerome 
Marble, William James Hogg, L. G. White, Charles L. Claflin, Horace Wyman, A.W. Parmelee. 

IriB|ORCESTER NATIONAL BANK, 9 Foster Street. Incorporated as a State Bank in 1S04; as 
|lAi| a National Bank in 1S64. Capital $250,000; surplus and undivided profits $225,000. Dividends 
April and October; rate past year, 8 per cent. President, Stephen Salisbury; Cashier, James P. 
Hamilton; Directors, Stephen Salisbury, A. George Bullock, Charles A. Chase. Lincoln N. Kin- 
nicutt, Josiah H. Clarke. James P. Hamilton, Edward L. Davis. 

SAFE DEPOSIT AND TRUST COMPANY. 

pnlORCESTER SAFE DEPOSIT AND TRUST COMPANY, 448 Main Street. Incorporated 
|IaI| in 1868. Capital $200,000; surplus $100,000. Dividends January, April, July and October; 
rate past year, 6 per cent. President, Edward F. Bisco; Secretary and Treasurer, Samuel H. 
Clarj^; Directors, John H. Coes, Edwin T. Marble. Edward F. Bisco, Henry F. Harris. Charles 
S. Barton, Charles A. Williams. 



THE WORCKSTKR M A ( ; A Z I \ K 



195 



SAVINGS BANKS. 

imiAY STATE SAVINGS BANK, 476 Main Street. Incorporated in 1895. Deposits $417,759 ; 
\Utj\ i^uaranty fund $2,126 ; surplus $2,448. Deposits go on interest March, June, .September and 
December i ; rate past year, 4 percent. President, Richard Healy ; Treasurer, (ieorge McAleer ; 
Investment Committee, Thomas Barrett, John O'Meara, Richard Healy, Thomas Kenney, James 
A. McDermott. 

IrglEOPLE'S SAVINGS BANK, 452 Main Street. Incorporated in 1864. Deposits $8,719,373; 
ILmI guaranty fund $348,000; surphis $91,473. Interest payable February' and August 15. De- 
posits go on interest February, May, August and November i ; rate past year, 4 per cent. Presi- 
dent, Samuel R. Ileywood; Treasurer. Charles M. Bent; Investment Committee, Samuel R. 
Heywood, Thomas M, Rogers, Edwin T. Marble, Albert W. (Tifford, William W. Johnson. 



m 



ORCESTER COUNTY INSTITUTION FOR SAVINGS, 13 Foster Street. Incorporated 

in 1S2S. Deposits $15,732,136; guaranty fund $778,000; surplus $250,730. Interest payable 
January and Jidy 15. Deposits go on interest January, April, July and (October i ; rate past year, 
4 per cent. President, .Stephen Salisbury ; Treasurer, Charles A. Chase; Investment Committee, 
Stephen Salisbury, A. George Bullock, Edward D. Thayer, Jr., Lyman A. Ely, Samuel B.Wood- 
ward. 



rrojORCESTER FIVE CENTS SAVINGS BANK, 314 Main Street. Incorporated in 1854. 

VAm\ Dejiosits $7,856,811; guaranty fund $280,000; surplus $104,573. Interest payable January 
uud July I. Deposits go on interest January, April, July and October i; rate past year, 4 per 
cent. President. Elijah B. .Stoddard; Treasurer, J. .Stewart Brown; Investment Committee, 
Elijah B. Stoddard, Stephen Sawyer, Gilbert J. Rugg, Henry M. Witter. 



BS 



ORCESTER MECHANICS' SAVINGS BANK, 311 Main Street. Incorporated in 1S51. 
Deposits $7,293,151 ; guaranty fund $215,100. Deposits go on interest January, April, July 
and October 15. President, Augustus B. R. Sprague; Treasurer, Henry Woodward; Investment 
Committee, John H. Coes, Thomas B. Eaton, A. B. R. Sprague, Eli J. Whittemore, Francis H. 
Dewey. 



C MW9tCi.i. hOwCv 




Ir^TH. HO vjY> 




S 



i^HCiAh ri i:s. 



Shirts^ Collars^ Cuffs^ ^ 
Fine Linens of All Kinds. 



This season we shall make a specialty of 
GENTLEMEN'S SHIRT WAISTS. 



IIKMJV A. IIOVKV, 
H. 1M{KS(0T1' JIOVEV, 
(i. KISSELL HOVEY. 

Proprietors. 



2 rruit Siroc^t, 

Worcester, Mass. 
riii'phciiir it.'ii-;!. 



To meet the ifrowine: re<.|uirenicnls, in Worcester ami 
\ icinity, lor 

Smith Premier Typewriters, 

Wi- li.iM opened ;m olViee III 

1$ Burnsidc Bldg., 
339 Alain Street, 

Mr. .1. H. »onilhi':i<l 

I.oeal represciilaliv e. lie 
will be pleased to suppl\ 
vour e\ery typewriter want, 

Telophone «1>.">-.">. 

Che Smith Premier typewriter €o., 

1S3 DevoDshiD' St.. Boston. Mass. 





Warren Alexander, 

M:mnf:u-tiirer nf 

Billiard and Pool Tables 

UITII rVTKM STKKI. « I MII(»Ns. 

586 Main Street, "Worcester, Mass. 

TELEPHONE. 



196 



THE WORCESTER MA<jAZIXE. 



J. W. Bishop, Pres. W. T. Bishop. Vice-Pres. H. X. Leach, Treas. Geo. E. HcaSET, Sec'j. 



J. W. Bishop Co. 



General ^ 

Contractors 




Bank. Store 
and Office 

Fittings. 

Cabinet Work 
and 

Architectural 

Iron=Work. 









And Maaii£a£taiers 
of All Kinds of 

First= 
Class 
Interior 
Finish. 



? 



AV^ 



fficcr anf /actorv, 107 Jostcr Street, CQorccetcr, flDa^r. 

Pmvidence, R. I.. Xo. 4.17 Batler F.Tr?i:^nge. Boston. Mass., Xo. 4015 Exchans^ B-rfl-^tnar. 

Montreal, P. Q., Xo. 54 Caiuuia life Boilding^. 



G. H. Cutting & Company. 



BUILDING ^ ^ 



CON5TKUCTION 

WORCESTER, MASS. ^ Boston Offke, 64 Federal Street. 




if^ 













Farmrngtog Averrae Conarx^Entionai Chnrcn, Hartlord, Coon. £riic:5t riii^g, ArcmtccL, Xew ^ orK. 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZIXi:. i!»7 

Business and Professional Cards. 



DENTISTS. 



Frank P. Barnard, D. M. D. 

DE.NTIST. 

The Treatment of Children's Teeth a Specialty. 
Roonn 107. 405 Main St.. Worcester. Mass. 

Dr. E. C. Gilman, 

DENTIST. 

Best Gold Crown Made, $5. Bridgework., Per Tooth, $5. 
405 Main Street, 



Uoom 115, Walker Buildini; 



Worcester. Mas 



Dr. F. A. Hatch, 

DENTIST. 

Room 6, Lincoln House Block, Worcester, Mass. 

OiTice Hours : o a. m. to i y. m., 2 to 5 r. M. 
CHIROPODIST. 

THOS. J. MORAN, 

Corns, Bunions, ^ CirqeOn ^ 

ingrowing Nails . ^ ^ 

Painlessly Treated. >^-^ CI)i rOpodist. 

300 main St., Room 13, Day Building. 

HAIRDRESSER. 



MISS A. E. FENLEY, 

"'"TCZT ^ Hairdresser. 

Hair Goods. Diseases of .Scalp also a specialty. 
I'acial Massaiic Manicure. 

Rooms u and i4, Dav Buildlnt), iOt main St., Worcester. 
PATENT SOLICITOR. 

RuFus Bennett Fowler, 

expert in Patent Causes. 

3 Tuckerman St., Worcester. 

STABLE. 



metropolitan Stables. ^'^^^^ "alfd' Boardmg 

Harrington & Bro., D, A. Harrington, Prop. 
nos. 31, 33 and 3s Central St.. Ulorccstcr. 

Hacks for Parties and Funerals. Telephone. 

"°BSn^'S^,d^S^, metropolitan Shops. 

SECTIONAL RUBBER TIRES. 



ELECTRICITY AND BATHS. 



DR. COLE'S 

Private Electro-Vapor Bathrooms. 

Many years of constant use of Electricity 
and lilectro-V'apor Baths have demonstrated 
Uie value of these a<;ents in the treatment of 
many diseases, both acute and chronic. . . . 

We cure Dyspepsia, ^ick Headache, Liver and Kidnev 
Complaints, Alalaria, Rheumatism, Lumbago, Insomnia, 
Paralysis and Nervous Prostration. 

Just the thinji^ for that bad cold or the " Grippe." 

No danger of taking cold after the baths. 

W. E. COLE, M. D., 

TLMrphonT'io";'^^'*' 'f^ 554 Maifi St. 



UNDERTAKERS. 

Callahan ujros.^ 

underta/cers, 

7 KJCTnple Ot.j If car Sreen of. 

woKt i:.s ri:i; 

F. A. CASWELL ^ CO., 

UNDERTAKE,RS, 

21 Pearl Street, Worcester, Mass. 

Telephone Connections. Kesideiui-. ; H.irv.ml "^t 

Geo. Sessions Sl Sons, 

furnishing funeral Directors, 
7 & 9 Trumbull Street, Worcester. 

Telephone 464. Night Bell. 

W. E. Sessions, Hesidencc, 62 West St., Tel. 740. 

F. E. Sessions, Kesidcnce, 17 (iermain St., Tel. S40. 

PICTURE FRAMER. 



L A. DWINELL, 

Gilder and Picture-Framer, 

Dealer in all kinds of Oak and Gilt 
Moulding. Special Designs made 
to order in (^old, Silver or Orna- 
mented Oak. Stained Engravings 
Bleached and Restored 



89 Exchange Street, Worcester, Mass. 



198 



THE WORCESTER AiAdAZlNE 




^^ 



V 




BREWER 
& CO. 



^ 



FoniiLilv IJL'SII X- CO. 

lUbolesak and 
Retail Dru^dists, 

58 KroiVT Street, 

WORCESTEK, ArAWf-i. 







I 

i 



Ibert Hubbard 

""^ His WorK i 

'^ Published !§ 

? 



? 



BIOGRAPHY of the Famous Philistine, 
with an account of his work and his 
unique establishment : a bibliography of the 
Roycroft Shop, and extracts from his writings. 
Done in Roycroft style on elegant toned 
paper, rough edges, board covers and leather 
back. A model of exquisite bookmaking. 



k 



Published 
By 



i 



I Albert Lane, a ^"^Tsr^'^' | 

Cm General Edition, $1.50 De Luxe Edition, $5.00 CX5 

iJt Hand Decorated, $15.00 t*3 






^^^(^mk^mk'^m^^)&^y)M^mm^^^i&2^n 



Till-: W (JKCESTKR .\i A < i A / I X 1'.. i«j<> 



I STOVES, RANGES. 



4' 

.^) 

4 

-\j Wholesale 

ii or Retail 



Many little used, (lood as New 
(with water front or tank). . . . 

All Kinds for Heatiiii; or riiokiiii;. 



PRINTING PRESSES, USED, AMATEUR TYPE OUTFITS. 



I SEWING MACHINES. 



f. 



TlT/^'Y'l^T Pr ^ Xeworused. All fiillv guaranteed. *. 

■■-''■•^^ -■■ ^-^ •■-''*-' ^« All kinds of Repairing done right. | 

I C. E. Sehhens, ^^Wfr il=l3 VINE ST. \ 



NewlM-op Head, Ball Bearing (ten- t- 
year guarantee). .Others first-class, ^. 
used, but all right t- 









JEROME 
MJRBLE & CO,. 



.iGoston anD HHorcester. 



.Oils, Starches, Dyestuffs, 

PAINTS AND I'AIXTEKS' SUFPr.IES. 
ArTTMTQ- THE PROCTER & GAMBLE CO. 
A«.TiiiMs.-.j,jjj, HARKXESS & CAWING CO. 



RED OILS. 



Norcross 6 Company, 

gontractors and Builders. 



(AktIU K W. NoKCRO.SS.) 



LARGE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE WORK A SPECIALTY. 



GENERAL OFFICES: 

183 Essex St., Boston. 1001 Main St., Worcester. 

LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE. 



When the 

Scorching bicyclist meets' the racing automo- 
bile, naturally something drops ; the same 
when warm weather meets the stock of heavy 
suits — something has to drop ; in this case it's 
the price. 
This week we have heavy suits at kuocked-out 
prices. Come in and see how good a suit vou 
can get for $10.50 

W^ T5i^ V^ 

©. H. EylMES CO. 




200 



THE WORCESTER AIAGAZIXE 



THE IX-iL-RAXCE OFFICE OF 



WWSHBUR?^, IV/r^LTS, GREE:SB ct B^XTES 



\VAS ESTABLISHED !>' lSi3. 



^Ve make the Insurance of Manufacturing Plants a specialty. Sprinkler rates furnished. Employers' 
Liability Insurance. Steam Boiler and Use and Occupancy Insurance. Only the oldest and most 
responbibk- companies represented. +'1'> MAr>" >^T.. ^VORCK^TFR . 




ORCESTER MUTUAL 
^FIRE INSURANCE CO. 



377 MAIN STREET 

WORCESTER. 

Hiarhest grade ni Mutual Fire In- 
surance. Established 75 years, with a 
steadv. handsome dividend record for 
policv- holder- 



Tatman & 
X ariv^ ♦ ♦ ♦ 



R. J.\3IES Taxman 
Geo. a. Park. 



"Ho. 410 ^am Street. IRccm IRc. 2. 
cclcpbonc. 32i'=5. . . . 

^ — WOKf ESTER. M-V.^?<. 



\Ve give prompt personal attention to every detail. 
Vour patronage is respectfully solicited. 



Established 1855 



C'HAS. K. (tRAXT, 

FIRE i:XSVRA>'CE. 

."-State ^Iixt At. BitLDi-vt;. \Vt>RCESTEK. 



Incorporated 1S94. 



nDa\vbinne\> last Co. 



L. HARDY COMPANY. 

Machine Knives 

OF ALL KINDS. DIE and 
. . . PLATED STOCK. 

9 Mill Street, Worcester, Mass. 

H. G. BARR & CO., 



Manufacturers ot 



Special /IDacbinerv 
an^ jfine Coolr 
CO OrJer. . . . 



Sensitive -^ -^ 

Drilling Machines, LongDi.t Tei 

51 Union Street, "Worcester, Mass. 

I. H. Washbuio;, Pres. C S. Ch.\pin, Sec. A: Treas. 

Washburn & Garfield Manufacturing Co.. 

Wholesale una Retail Dealers in 

WROUGHT IRON and BRASS PIPE. 

>teara, Gas and Water Supplies. Mechanical 
and Heating Engineers. Steam Construction. 



Boot and Shoe 

M Lasts, 

3factorv!. 36rocf^ton. /Bba^s. JSo^ton Office. 
56 lincoln St.. "Koom 5). 

S. PORTER & CO., 

Last Manufacturers, 

iNo. 25 Union St., Worcester. 

Boston Office. iS; E.-sex St.. Room 70;. 



» *-*"3* 



foster Street, 



^I'oreester. A/ass. 



R. L GOLBERT, .^ 



Manufacturer ol 



LASTS. 

Factory, 19 Cliurch Street, Worcester, Mass. 



Boston Office, 59 Lincoln Street, cor. Essex. 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE 



201 



We Shall Do Your Printini^: 




When You Get Read\ for the Best 



202 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZIXE. 



Collins 


^ Soutbwortb, 


M 


The Prebe mproved 


k^ft 


Cushioned Boot 


m 


Is just what Ladies of to-day 
>hould wear, that is, if the ladies 
■Aish to keep tlieir feet nat- 
,iral shape, as our boots are 
made on lasts that allow the 
•oot lo have its natural shape, 
md therefore eivinff all comfort 
;hat cm possibly be had in a 
;>oot. They fit most feet and fit 
;hem perfectly. 


vSP 


Price $3.50. 


flUi 


Also Oxfords, S2.00. 


^^Bft 


•^e^e^ 


i^^^m 


111 Men's we have the 




Forbush Cushion Shoe 


^Hv 


Price, $5.00, 


^^ 


And iJie same can be said for 
Men's that has been said of 
Ladies', 


FranKlin Sq 
£> CI Shoe Sl 


,::" 533 Mao St, 



D 



N 1 rorget to come and see * 

us when in need of a pair of ^^^ 

^ SHOES. 

Full Line of Ladies". Men's 
Misses' and Children's, , . . 



FELIX ST. .\MOl R & CO.. 

128 Front Street. 0pp. Trumbull. Worcester. 
Tull line of Packard's Sbfcs fcr Itlcn Only. 

Hotel du Nord, 

MAPTIN TRLL50N, Prop. 

American and European Plans. 

39, 41. 43 Summer Street, 

WORCESTER. MASS. 



HERBERT HALL. 

A Home for the Care and Treatment of 
Persons Afflicted with Mental Diseases. 



For Terms, Etc., Adtvrsss 

MERRICK BEMIS. M. D.. HERBERT HALL. 
Assistant Physician, John M. Bemis. 

Salisbury Street, ^.^ Worcester. 

LTnion Xau^^n'» 

and Clean Towel Supply. 

7 - 15 Prescott St. 

AVe are prepared, after years of experience and expcri- 
mcnling:, to do laundry work as it ouglil to be done, and if 
you want your work done in a superior manner bv practical 
.ind experienced hands, send it to us, as our work is second 
to none in the countr}.-. You will find less wear and tear, 
and we think better work, than you have ever had done 
before. 

Our Clean Towel Supplv is by far the best in the city. 
We were the first to introduce it and have never allowed 
anyone to .surpass us in quality or ser\ice, 

D. A. Scott, J. H. Dawson, 

Telephone 934-o. Proprietors, 

J. S. \\ esbv & Sons 

» 

Good BcoKbinding 

At Reasonable Prices. 

x^ tr^ tr^ tr^ e.** 

5$: main Street. « 5C Tester Street. 

"Worcester. ]\Tass. 



in tht \iciajlv ot Insti- 
tute Park, "Wor. Art 
Museum, PoUtechnic 
Institute, also Massa- 



Choice .... 

Building Lots fl^t^^^^ 

Stephen Salisbury, 

9 Main Street. - Worcester. 

Established iS;7i. 

C. REBBOLI & SON. 

Confectioners and Caterers, 

444 Main Street, "Worcester. 
IwOng Distance Telephone Connection, 



THE \\()RCESTER M \(i.\ZIXl- 



2(>3 




EstablisliLil 1S71. Incoi-|)(ir;iti.d iSSS. 

HARRINGTONS. RICHARDSON ARMS CO., 

flnanufactiircre of 

FIRE.ARMS. 

Ocscripliyc Catalogue on ix-initst. WORCESTER, MASS.. U. S. A. 



mnmm 




Pbarmacy 

€0. 



WHOLESALE 

and 
RETAIL. 



500 and 306 main Stmt, Ulorcestcr. 



Graton <S Knight 


Mfg. 


Co. 


TANNERS AND MAKERS OF 




OAK LEATHEK. BELTING 

WORCESTER. MASS. 


Scnil for Dt'script nr Clrciiliiis. < 
Kstahlisliid is:, 


ai.il al. Ai 
1. 


000.(100 



Ben. J. Bernstrom 




Zbc Bancroft School 

93 Elm Street. 

ADVISORY COMMITTEE. 

Mk. Philip W. Moen. Mks. J. liussEi, Makbi.k. 

Mr. George F. Blake, Jr. Mrs. John R. Thavek. 
Dr. David IIarrower. Mrs. "Frank B. Smith. 

A complete English and Classical School for girls and 
boys of all ages. 

Modern Languages in elementary grades. 

Kindergarten, primary, intermediate, college prepara 
tory departments. 

School hours, S.45 to i o'clock. 

THE INDIVIDUAL IS THE UNIT. 

For <;it:ilc>i;ui- "f i ii I ■ ■' ni.ii !■ m , .ul.lif-^ I he In ;i(l ina^tir, 

Frank H. Robson. 78 Elm St. 

YOU'LL SEE OUR FINISH 

Is Superior to All Others. At the 

Bay State Laundry^ 

WIM.IAM H. KAL<'OM, rrop. 

FINE COLLAR AND CUFF 

. . . WORK A SPECIALTY. 



Funeral Goods such as Coffins, Caskets, Name 
I'lates and Robes constantly on hand. Everything 
pertaining to Funerals promptly attended to. 

Office, Ularcrooms and Residence. 
113 Thomas Street, Worcester. 

Justice of the Peace. Telephone. 



Work called for and Delivered Free. 
17 Church Street, Worcester, Mass. 

TELEPHONE. 



Succes^.' 
FiSKE Bkotheh-. 



Bill Posting Co., 



DISPLylY 
VE'KTISING. 



Bill Posters, Distributers, Sign and 
v*< .•* ■< Bulletin Advertisers. 



47 Ulaldo Street, 



lUorcester. 



3 AY STAT E HOUSE, 

. . . lUorcc!3tcr, /I^.i^s. . . . 
Ladies' (Did Gcuticnieus Cafe. 

KKANK 1'. rxJL'tJI^ASS, l»Ki>l'HtEXt>K. 
i.raduated I'rices. First-Class in every respect. 

|\l»-\ iti.r 'sri 1111 Ili-.ltcd TIir«tlIL''hi Hit. 



204 



THE WORCESTER MAliAZIXE 






WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN 




^( 



GRASS 

Fertilizers X, 
Speciau/ ^ 



Manufacturers Agents 

FOR 






ALLTilE LATEST Imp 

, FarmMachine 






WOODENWARE 

PuMP3 Etc. 

90692 FKONTvST. '^'''-^^^^^' 

Worcester-Mass. 









SUBSCRIBE FOR THE 



Morccster /llbaGastnc 

$2.00 a ^'ear. 20c. a Copy. 

Only a few copies of the February number remain. Parties desiring 
the complete volume should send in their orders at once. Apply to 

SECRETARY WORCESTER BOARD OF TRADE, 
II FOSTER STREET. 




'"^'peeoratio^s 



peeialties.e^ 

CoRI«CE;SKYliOHTS,VENTILATORS,FlNJAl.S. 

Eaves, Trc«J©h, Conductor Pipe 




Phone 
7.S4-* 



Cor. Blackstone and Charles Sts., Worcester, Mass. 



State Mutual Life 
Assurance 
Company, 



TVorcester^ Mass. 



^^Sg^i 



Incorporated 1844, 



^^Ss^^l. 



Assets, . . $17,777,848.41 
Liabilities, . 15,924,344.76 

Surplus, . . $1,853,503.65 



A. G. Bullock, President. H. M. Witter, Secretary. 



maimaa^ 



ANNO UNCEMENT 



WILBERT C. HEALY 



desires to call attention to his 



Electrotyping Plant, 



£.quipped with all the latest machinery 

from R.. Hoe 6 Co., New York, 

giving the best facilities 

for everything in the 

electrotype line. 




Our .... 

WOOD ENGRAVING, 
PHOTO -ENGRAVING and 
DE,SIGNING 

Are of the best. 



^i^ 



Prices Reasonable. Work Reliable. 



We invite your inspection at our location in the neifir 
nkanufacturing building in the rear of and annexed to 




No. 274 Main St.. 



WILBERT C. HEALY. 



^mmmmfm 




THE WORCESTER 



- LIBRARY -f] 
I CONGRESS, 
fwo CortB* Received 

MAY. 4 1901 

I CCWRWHT Ei«TRY 

L>,SS(>i,XXa No 
COPY U, 



%^ 



MAGAZINE 



APRIL 
1901 



DEVOTED TO 

Goob Citfsensbip anb flDimicfpal Development 

WORCESTER, MASS. 



JSfot How Much 

is said, but hob) attractively it 
a a a is presented a a a 



Vis surprising to sec how many 
business men use Printing that not 
only docs them no good, but really 
"~~"~" does them harm. A little skill in 
bringing forward the important features in a 
pleasingly attractive manner, is often worth 
hundreds of dollars to an advertiser. We 
have set many a business man on more at- 
tractive and profitable ways. Maybe we can 
be helpful to you. We do Printing of all 
kinds. :::::::: 



F. S. Blanchard 6 Co. 

Printers, 34 Front Street, Worcester. 



THE Wr)RCi:STER MA(;AZINE. 2()5 




WORKS OF 



F. E. REED COMPANY, Worcester, Ma 

MANUFACTURERS OF MACHINE TOOLS. 



ss, 



■. * V ■; 1* .■ J '^ ; ^ V J i ■; ■,( g 1) V y 1 iTv V 'i » A] i "A M i vnAnH^MATr * 



John C. MacInnes Company, 

454, 456, 458, 460, 462, 464, 466 Main Street 

Opposite City Hall , Worcester. 3 Buildings. 




Importers and Retailers of 

IWillinery Goods. 

The Largest Custom Order Work- 
room and Most Skillful Artists. . . 



2nd Floors of 3 Buildings. 

Ladies' Suits and Outer Garments. 

Children's Garments, Infants' Wear, Muslin 
Underwear and Skirts. 



Street Floor. 

Silks, Dress Goods, Laces, Ribbons, Gloves, 

Dressmakers' Supplies, Hosiery and Underwear. 

Basement. 
Linens, Cottons, Blankets, Towels. 



206 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



Crompton cS Kno^w^les 
Loom Works 



WORCESTE,R, MASS. 



•Branch Wor-)(.s. 

"Providence. R. I. 





^ "ij ii_ I 



CAOMPTOM A RMOWLfS LOOM WORKS 




Kno\s-les Fancv Worsted Loom. 



Looms 
Jacquards 
Dobbies 
Combs 



The Worcester Maga/Jne 



CONTENTS FOR APRIL, igoi. 

\VINSI,()\V S. LIXCOIA- AND ELM PARK VIKWS .... Frontispiece 

TIIlN(iS X()\V IN rili: ITi^IJC MIXI) . ,,^,,^ ,,, 

1 age 223 

A (tRea'I' m-:i:i) .\\i> a cricat opi-or rrxiTv 

Till-; I'ARKS AXI) l'LAYt;ROUXl;S OF WORCESTER 
FLAX FOR CAUCUS NOMINATIOXS IX CFl'V ELECTIOXS 

HOW TO C,i:t a REVEXUE from FRAX^-m.SES 

MUXICIPAL ART 

BOARD OF TRADE XOTES 



226 
231 
243 
247 
252 

255 



Terms: $2.00 a year ; single copies, 20 cents. For sale by newsdealers. Published by the 
Board of Trade of Worcester, Mass., and printed by F. S. Blanchard & Co. Committee on 
Publication, Rufus B. Fowler, (L Stanley Hall, Irving K. Comins. Address all communications 
to II Foster street, Worcester, Board of Trade Rooms. Copyright 1901 by Worcester Board of 
Trade. 



^'// J /-^ ^ (^ 



/Ac J 



UtCCU 6^ KCyiX', 






208 THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



STANDARD FOUNDRY COMPANY 



Iron Founders, 

Special attention given to the 
Manufacture of High Grade 

Machinery Castings. 



TAINTER AND GARDNER STREETS, WORCESTER, 







JEROME f 








MJRRT.E & CO., 3 

JSoston anO "Waorccstci. 








...Oils, Starches, Dyestuffs, ... 








w 

» 


PAINTS AND PAINTERS' SUPPLIES. 
Ar-TTM-rc THE PROCTER & GAMBLE CO. 
Al,EINlb.-^j^£ HARKNESS & CAWING CO. 










RED OILS. 







Norcross 6 Company, 

^fMxmm and Bunders* 



(Arthur W. Norcross.) 



LARGE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE WORK A SPECIALTY. 



GENERAL OFFICES: 

183 Essex St., Boston. 1001 Main St., Worcester. 

LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE. 



A. S. Miller, Jr., Treasurer. R. IL Brown, Chief Engineer. 

Eastern Bridge and Structural Co. . . . 

Mat&^str'r "" ^ Steel and Iron frame mork 

CTL^^y^\ W FOR BUILDINGS, ROOFS, RAILROAD 

^ICCI \ AND HIGHWAY BRIDGES. 

/^■r ^ A Y S^ Plans and estimates furnished. Write us. 

iDlVUClUtHl m eenerai offim: 5$ Tfoiit $t., moKcstcr, Ittass. 

vHnOtK * Description. 



Works beside tracks of Fitchburg and B.\- .M. Railroads, 
Worcester, Mass. 



THE WORCESTI-K MACAZIXE. 



209 







PRING OVERCOATS, that bear the stamp of ex- t 

cellence in every detail of fit and finish. Ultra | 

Fashionable Long Overcoats in all the new shades !j? 

I of Covert Cloths, Grey Mixtures, and Novelty Weaves, ^ 

J $15.00 to $25.00. Medium length and short Box Coats, | 

^»> \t 

^jj Black Undressed Worsted, Oxford Mixed Cheviot, Black <|> 

<«> t 

JJ and Grey Meltons, Covert Cloths, silk lined, silk faced and ^' 

^•> Z 

J plain, $7.00 to $28.00. The latest ideas in Furnishings, * 

^•^ \i/ 

3< Hats and Shoes. ^ ^ ^ jt ^ ^ 

/»\ 

/»s 
<»> 
/«\ 
/(> 
<(^ 

^»> 
((^ 
<j> 



fTare, Pratt Co., 



Complete Outfitters 

for Men and Bov: 



STATE MUTUAL BUILDING. 

■ 55 -^'^^^^£^&^^^&^^^^ ^^&&^^^^&^^& ^^^^ ^^^^- ^^^^ ^;^^^ -^- -I'- -^■.^■-'■.^■^■-^- >'.>!'. >'■>'■ Xi' 



C. W. CLAFLIN & CO. 



^ 



\\ liolesale 
.inil Kctail 
Dealers in 



Anthracite 

and 
Bituminous 

Coa/. 



^ 




^ 



C"();il Pockets, 
s Grafton 
Street. 

C Oal and 
WOod Yard, 

Shrew shiir\ 
Street. 



^ 



General Office, 

375 MAlxN SIRIlKI, UORCESTKR, MASS. 






r^^^T^^FT^^rr^^rT^^rT^^rT^^rr^ 






210 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZIXE. 



OYAL Worcester 

Finest 




r— ^y 




AlGHT 



■m ^ W -^~ 



r 1^9 NT 

Bias ^ 

e GO 



r 




5oz.D By 
Leading 

_ Dealers 

LVERYWHERE 



\ . I 



THE BOSTON 



DEXHOLM A: McKAY CO., 

< ^<;^;;~A <;>;:^ OO^ ^'-^-^^ 



I 1 1 ^ " — ^ 

t\ handsome 
illustrated 
catalogue 

1 ring full 
pdrticulars 

sent to any 

dd dress 
upon request. 



STORE, 

Sole Agents for Worcester. 










THE WURCESTKR AI.\(.A/1XE. 



211 




mmon ?:i4^Hr \f\\ML "/). 



plunger Elevator Co., 



Safe. Long-Lived, Economical, 
High-Speed Passenger Eleva- 
tors a Specialty 




Hydraulic Plunger 

LEVATORS. £f 



OFFICE AND FACTORY. 

BARBELR'S, ^ ^ WORCCSTELR. MASS. 



F. E,. POWERS, 



Wholesale and Retail 
Dealer in 



CO^L 



Telephone 379-3. 

AND MASONS 
MATERIALS. 



Wilkesbarre Coal Especially Prepared for Family Use. New River Steam and George's Creek Coal. 

" llolhium," Itdsciuialc, Alias .XiiKTK.i'i, l*;iij;li>h Mini (uTiuaii, I'ortlaiui C t-mrnt>. 
Cobb's I.inie, Follcl's IJim-, t'lre Brick, Fin- Clay. Fbit- I.inini;. Kaolin. Hair and 
Calcined I'laster, Mortar Colors, Drain Pipe. 



Office and Yard, 20 Southgate Street, Worcester, Mass. 



212 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE 



Wf^<v^*^^l^^^^MiMsA^^^^^ 



^^^^= AVIRE. ^== 

AViRE T^vrmxci- sk:RE^vs. 



Worcester. >Iass. 



Chicago. Ili- 



Fat.mer. >Iass- 



GOES WRENCH COA\PAN\', 



MANUFACTUR! 




PATENT SCREW 

WRENCHES. 



WORCESTER, MASS. 



ittttttggittgttgttttrgtttttttrgtrtttttgMttgtttt, 



WORCESTER 
MACHINE 
SCREW CO., 



SCREW CO. 
SwCCESSOHS. 



MAS-J-AC~V = r = S c = 



SET. CAP AND MACHINE 

SCREWS 



IN IRON, STEEL ASr BRASS. 

studs for steam engines, 
pumps, etc. 

Worcester. Mass. 
^ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggfgggggggggfggggggt 



B 



AV STATE .... 

Fias k Decoratios Co, 



F. E. BUSS. Prcprietor. 

274 Main Street. Worcester. 




DESIGN'S .A.N'D ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 



Hijh Class Sien and Picture Work. 



THE worcesti:r magazine. 



213 




Our Latest Specialty Combines 

STYLE, FIT, COMFORT 





M 



omen 

Heyvvood^hoesWear" 




Heywood Boot & Shoe Co., 

Manufacturers of Fine Shoes. 
Our Retail Store, ji -^ -^ ^ 

436 Main Street, -^ Worcester, Mass. 



■ l..niA..J n..ouM O II!m4ai. f\n To niei-l the trrowing reqiiirements, in Worcester and 

McCloud, Crane & Minter Co., -"'^> *- 

MILLED MACHINE SCREWS. Smith Premier Typewriters, 

\Vf li,i\ I Ojiciicil an office at 

2$ Burnsidc BIdg., 
339 Main Street, 

Mr. J. li. noo(]hia<l 
Local representative. He 
.vill be pleased to siipply 
vour every typewriter want. 

Telephone (>!l.'i-."i. 

Che Smith Premier Typewriter Co., 

is;j Devonshire St.. Hiistim. Mass. 



r 




^mmik 




-- 


r illlllllllilllf 


\ 


' 


' 



Finished Case-Hardened Nuts, v^ 
Semi-Finished Hexagon Nuts, Etc. 

U. 5. Stan^:u^ .iFimsb. WORCESTER. MASS. 

Duncan ^ Gooddl £o., 

WHOLESALERS 
AND RETAILERS IN 

Hardware and Cutlery. 

We have the finest line ol Talile and Tockel Cutlery, 
also highest j;'''"''^ "f Scissors, inchidin)^' all kinds from 
Finest >Ianicure Scissors to Tailors' Shears, to be seen in 
Worcester. 

We make a specialty of Bnilders' Hardware and Snp- 
plies, and carrv in stock a larjie line of best quality door 
and window trimniinifs. 

404 Main Street, Cor. Pearl. 




H. M. WAITE, 



(L=^fjs(?^^(r""^^^»'=^ 



General -^ 
Hardware, 



No. 18Q Front Street, Worcester. 



!?14 



HE WORCES 



MAGAZINE. 



Matthews 

Manufacturing 

Company, 

- :" ^55 IF 



Queen of Sea 
Routes." 



La CIg rcirt. iicrrrcrc Vr 



• 41 



STOVE TRIMMINGS. 
BICVCLE FITTINGS. 



Ste9iift=Pipe Collars, 

F'emiles a^d 

^leet Metal ^eciaJties. 



Merchants lN: ^liners 
Transportation Co. 



■s~b Utes 7"~ 



4* 



TTr 



SteaT-es NeTr. Fast 3tc fleca^t 



i(?-^ GOLD STREET, 
js ff'crcester, Mass. 



Jl. T. >tATTi 



A. D. sr^ajc A. T. M 



WM. H. EDDY CO. 




^ c^i Exchan 



iEK- 






Turret Chuckins: Lathes. 



. Jt Jt 






RstB »:r«; t. - Sc-ia n^ *, 



^^'m. H. Burns 
... Company. 













RCN 
cial IP.uslin 

Undcraarmcnis 



- : • 3: AND 



THE WORCESTER M A( i AZ 1 X E. 



215 



Boston $( Jllbany R. R. 

N. Y, C. & H. R. R. R., Lessee. 

With its Connections, the only F"irst-class and Direct 
Line Reaching All Important Commercia l Centers of 
the Middle West and Beyond. . . . . 



The Latest and Most Improved Pullman Service, Com- 
bining Elegance and Comfort with Speed and Safety. 

FIVE EXPRESS TRyilNS DAILY. 
Worcester to Chicago in 25 Hours. 



SPRINGFIELD LINE. 



Parlor Cars on Day Train. . . 
Sleeping Cars on Night Train. 

Leaving Worcester for New Haven and New York 

at I0.12 A. M., I.02 p. M., 5.06 1'. M., 12.28 NiGHT. 

For additional information, address 

A. S. HANSON, General Passenger Agent. 




BIETCLES 

The 

Qendron 
Cushion 
Frame 



Represents all lln' coinrnrt iiiiil luxury there is in bicycle riding. It saves the nerves and 
vitality of the rider. ( )nc ciin «'oa»< down a roiicrli hill and sit coiiifortahly and sjifrly "n 
the saddle, as there is no tlifoM oi irhoiuMl in a Ciisliion I'rame Bicycle. There arc tlioiisau(I> 
ol riders iio« iisiiii: t-iisliion Iranie Bicycles who had uriven np bicycling entirely. 

coMn /x .\.\/> siii: i r. 



Lincoln Holland, ,< ^ ^^^f;!,?.?"''^^ 



216 THE WORCESTER MACtAZIXE. 

Your Health ^^ S: 






m 



m 



^ ^-^^^^^ 






^ ^ Depends on what you eat 

In this age ot advancement the haking ot tood stuffs 
has become one ot the fine arts, the people demand health- 
giving foods, and we take great pleasure in recommending to 
vou our famous 



<i' 



5^ 




Toasted Butter Crackers 



w 









which have been produced atter careful scientific experiments, ^a^ 

and we teel confident in saving: that it is a pure, health-giving r^ 

cracker having all the nourishing properties ot the purest mate- djp 

rial concentrated bv our special process. ^ 

f beware ot Imitations ! -J* ^^ f 

t 

Manufactured Only By ^ 

The Cartwrig^ht-Borden Co. J 

Worcester, Mass. m 

^•^g ^v^j^^^j^j^^^^^v^ .i:^. ,i^. ^i^. .i^. ^=^. ^?'. .-^. ^^. ^£5'. ,i^. ^^7. ^i?'. ^^, ^^^ 



TlIi: WORCESTER MAGAZINE, 



217 




46 Exchange Street. 



■-irr 



Iransient Work 

at Short Notice 



Ka.nilv W:.sliini.'s a Specialty. Tclophone 10:53-:.. 



E. A. Uimme & Son, 

EstalWishcd 1^54. 

DIE SINKERS, ENGRAVERS 

steel Stamp and Stencil Cullers. Manufacturers of 
Seal I'resses, Checks and Badges. 

554 Main Street. Telephone 1037-1.5. Worcester. 



Worcester 
Drill 



Y Grinders. 



\^ 10 Uanctics. 

.Da^cln^ The Washbum Shops, ^l;i\^^l^ 

WORCESTER, MASS. 
MACHINISTS, P.4TTERN=MAKERS, 

BRASS AND IRON FOUNDERS 

manufacturers of Ciflht machine Cools s 6rindinfl machincrv. 




UNION WATER METER CO. 



Have Your Carpets Dusted at the 

Worcester Carpet Dusting Works, 

J. C. \A^ATERS, Proprietor. 

Feathers lUnovated by Slcan.. Take Notice All 
orders should be left .11 Benus & Co.'s Shoe Store, 
423 Main street, or addressed to ... • 

Curtis Street, Telephone Con. New Worcester. 




The T. H. Buckley Lunch Wagon 



I. p. K. OTIS, 

Pres. and Manag;er 

i:d\v. p. king, 

Treas. and Supt. 



Water 
Meters. 



WORCESTER, 
MASS. 



Establislied 1SS9. 

Incorporated 1S97. 

Telephone 6S0. 



Nisht T.uiicli Waitoiis of Every 
Ot^criptioii 101: SAl.K or TO 
LET 



IVlanufacturing & Catering Go. 



Patentees, Designees and Sole ManufaetufePs of 

rr TT^/;.W^ ^^««c^ rctft>** vr Lun^l' Wagons. The lUst Made. Also Builders and Oper- 

** White Mouse Ua/e J^ „„,, „f u^e -white House- t^ulck Lunch Cafes. . . . 

( Iradi.- Mark.) 

Office and Factory : Rear 281 Orafton Street. Worcester. Mass. 



metropolitan Storage 
o\ & Loan Company 



an 



Storaire for Furniture, Pianos, Works of 
Art, Bric-a-Brac, Merchandise, Carriages 
and other vehicles. 300 separate rooms, 
light, clean and dry. Goods packed and 
-hipped with care. The Best Storage for 
th? I-east Money in the city 



JOHN W. KNIBBS, Proprietor. 

Central Board, Livery 
. . . and Feed Stable. 



Manufacturer of and Agent for Common- 
Sense Rubber Tires, the Ctieapest anci Best 
Tire in the market for light carriages. .< J* 



Storage W arerooms, Barton Place, 



From .Main St. opp. City Hall. 



TKLKPHONES : STOKAGK. 87-4, STABI.KS, 843-3. 



218 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



Saratoga Star 



A Foe to Indigestion 
. . . and Dyspepsia. 



Unsurpassed as a 
Table Water. . . . 



Spm iUatcr 



Read the following Toluntary tribute from the 
late Rev. Win. H. Brooks, D. D.. of the Diocesan 
House. Boston : 

Boston, Mass., Oct. i6. 1S99. 
Saratoga Star Spring Co., 

Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

Gentlemen : Having made free use of the 
Star AVater I feel constrained to express the great 
benefit I have experienced from it. It is especially 
helpful in promoting digestion and in imparting 
tone and vigor to the entire system. In addition to 
its great medicinal virtue it has the desirable quality 
of a very agreeable taste, and its bright, sparkling 
character adds very much to the pleasure of drink- 
ing it. 

Sincerely yours, 

Wm. Henry Brooks. 



Palatka, Florida. 
Sarato(;.\ Star Spring Co., 

Saratoga Springs, N. V. 
I have used the Star Spring Water for a 
period of twenty years, and for Gastric troubles 
have proved its merits beyond dispute. A friend of 
mine given up to die, in Niantic, Conn., with 
Gastric fever, in a ver\' short time after the Star 
\V.\TER reached her. fully recovered : the burning 
sensation in the stomach ceased, and she could not 
find words to express her gratitude for the box for- 
warded to her. Mrs. C. F. Eaton of HoUis, X. H., 
suffered for years from mucous irritations, unable 
to use salts, s.iys : " The Star W.\ter has added 
years to my life." I could fill a volume of testi- 
monials were it necessary. Would that all sufferers 
co\ild drink and be healed. 

Mrs. E. a. P.\rkhurst, 

Brooklyn Registry of Nurses. 



ARATOGA STAR WATER has won a very high place 
among the leading table waters, because it is most 
agreeable to the palate and has great medicinal value. 

it mixes perfectly with wines and liquors. Packed in quarts 

and pints 




ASK YOUR GROCER. DRUGGIST OR WINE MERCHANT 
FOR SARATOGA STAR WATER. AND IF HE CANNOT 
FURNISH IT WRITE DIRECT TO 

Saratoga Star Spring Company, 

Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 



THE WORCESTER MA(;AZTNE. 219 



<Jf^ VK ^ 



O. W. NORCROSS. 

NORCROSS BROTHERS, 

GENERAL 
4 CONTRACTORS. 

# NEW YORK, BOSTON, WORCESTER, 

^ ^ Jt PROVIDENCE, CLEVELAND. 



IRcw Englanb Structural Compau^, 

DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS 

STEEL BUILDINGS AND BRIDGES. 

Architectural Ironwork. Ornamental Bronzework. 

Office and Works, Second Street, Everett, Mass, 
Boston Office, 18 Post Office Sq., Boston. 



O. W. NORCROSS. PRES. ALBERT J. PARK, TREAS. 

Brovvnvillc /llbaine Slate Co. 

manufacturers of Unfaaing Black Roofing Slate. 



Strongest, Toughest, Brightest, Most Durable Slate in the "World. 

Worcester Slate Fasteners, for Iron Roofs. Snow-Guards. 

Office, WORCESTER, MASS. Jt .* Old Crocker Quarries, Brownvilie, Maine. 

TELEPHONE 541. 






R ALKEKT .1. PAKK. Tr.aMirci 





Blandford Brick 
I & Tile Company. 

t^ Om.r. 10 K.ast Moiipstcr St.. 
|3 WOIMKSTKU, MASS. 

K««tor.v. Kl SSKI.L. MASS. . . . 



Plain and Ornamental Building 9 

and Fire-Place Brick, in White, ^ 

White - Mottled, Gray, Buff, 3 

Buff-Mottled, Glazed. Etc., also § 

Fire Brick, Fire Tile, Cupola Blocks ^ ^ 

.< ..t and Fire-Clay Mortar, '^ ^ 

P ... On Koston .V. Albany K. K. HOIUKSTKH TKLEIMIONK. >.i. ."iH. ^ 



M 



ANUFACTURERS OF 



220 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE, 



THOS. M. ROGERS, President. H. H. FAIRBANKS, Treasurer. 

W. H. COUGHLIN, Superintendent. 



DIRECTORS. Thomas M. Rogers, Stephen Salisbury, Theodore C. Bates, Loring Coes, 
A. B. R. Sprague, Josiah Pickett, George T. Dewey. 




'■'^':.:--.7-^ ^ ^^My^'..-.:- '- 



ARC, INCANDESCENT LIGHTS 
:::::: AND POWEI^. 



Office and Station, 



56 to 66 Faraday Street. 



ITbe Wlorccster (3a.^ette 




Believes in public spirit. It believes in 
Worcester, its manufactories and industries. 
It has, through its columns, advocated that 
which was best for Worcester, and it will 
continue to do so. 

Let every citizen shout for Worcester and 
work for Worcester and he will make the 
work of the Board of Trade more easy of 
accomplishment. 




"Sbe XlXHorccster ©ajette 



Is for anything that will assist to 
Worcester's prosperity. 




EI.M PARK. EDWARD WIXSEOW LINCOLN. 



\'ul 



UL. 



The Worcester Magazine. 



APRIL, 1 90 1. 



No. 4 



Things Now in the Public Mind. 



THE article entitled "A Great 
Need and a Great Opportunity " 
ought to be productive of great good. 
It presents a very vital subject with 
singular and luminous force, and its 
logic cannot easily be resisted. It 
almost seems as though Mr. Higgins 
must be the Joshua whose voice will 
cause the decaying walls about the 
^lechanics Association to crumble and 
disappear, and thus free that splendid 
institution from the thrall of a purpose 
which has become almost purposeless. 
The idea of turning the energy and the 
resources of this organization into so 
needful and fruitful a channel is one to 
cause progressive citizens to thrill with 
a desire to put hands to the plow, and 
begin at once the labor necessary fc^r 
the realization of the magnificent plan. 
We are not able to imagine that Mr. 
Higgins' conception will not appeal 
strongly to the great mass of our citi- 
zens, and it seems not too much to hope 
that the Half-time Trades School must 
be realized in the very near future. It 
is not easy to add a word to Mr. 
Higgins' cogent argument, and it is 
difficult to conceive of arguments 
against it that are entitled to respectful 
attention, or that would weigh much 
in the scale against the plan. We be- 
lieve that when we sav " amen" to the 



whole plan, as outlined, and (iodspeed 
also, we are saying what a great 
majority of Worcester citizens will join 
us in making a chorus of approval. 

TIII^ Manufacturers' Record, pub- 
lished in Jialtimore in the inter- 
ests of the manufacturing development 
of the South, and most intelligently 
edited by Mr. R. II. Edmonds, is always 
a strong advocate of public spirit. In a 
recent number of the Record, discussing 
the question of "Cultivating Civic Pride," 
the editor has some good words to say 
about the Worcester ]M.\g.\zi.\e, some 
of which we quote : 

One of the best tokens of the good 
flowing from the exercise of this civic 
spirit is the action of the Worcester 
(Mass.) Board of Trade in establishing 
the WoKcivSTER M.\(;.\ziNE, which has 
just begun publication there, and is de- 
voted to the cultivation of good citizen- 
ship and to municipal development. It 
docs not propose to confine itself to 
Worcester, as it recognizes the fact that 
civic problems which present themselves 
elsewhere are of vital importance to 
\\'orccster. The magazine is handsome- 
ly i)rinted on calendered paper, and 
I)romises to become an effective medium 
for the betterment of Worcester and an 
example for other cities of New Eng- 
land. One of the main reasons for this 
promise, and a reason thoroughly typi- 



224 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



cal of Xew England life, is the appear- 
ance of thirty-five of the seventy-six 
pages of the magazine iilled with well- 
displayed advertisements of \\'orcester 
manufacturers and business men. Such 
I)ractical local support is necessarv to 
the success of an imdertaking like the 
Worcester Magazine. The willing- 
ness to give it is thoroughly characteris- 
tic of New England, at home and abroad, 
and it accounts largely for the good for- 
tune which has attended New England 
efforts. It is not provincialism, for it 
has fre(|uently been a great aid in the 
upbuilding of pul)lications devoted to the 
welfare of communities or sections that 
have been slow to suljstitute subscrip- 
tion to a peric^dical for l)orrowing it from 
one's neighbor, and which expect jour- 
nalism to live upon compliments. 

It is quite encouraging to note the ap- 
proval and sympathy of such a veteran 
editor and promoter of public spirit as 
Mr. Edmonds. It is quite true that the 
Worcester Magazine is unique. Not 
even the largest cities have attempted 
just such a venture in the wav of a svs- 
tematic attempt to cultivate and solidify 
public spirit, and we are in receipt of 
many letters from boards of trade, etc., 
which modesty compels us to refrain 
from publishing. If we are compelled to 
reflect that all is not as rosv as our 
friends assume, we are quite conscious 
that the support given us is generous 
and hearty. Still, it is to be remembered 
that the enterprise is based whollv upon 
this public good will. The Worcester 
Magazine has no endowment. It must 
pay its way, or go the way of other simi- 
lar enterprises. Everybody connected 
with it is practically giving his ser- 
vices, and it is still a question whether 
this devotion may not be drawn upon 
in the shape of an assessment to pay the 
printer. We are, in a vital sense, "in the 
hands of our friends," and have faith 
that Worcester business men will find 
their advantage in the Magazine, and 
liberally support it. 



IN the West they do things thor- 
oughly when they do them at all. 
In Chicago the business men are plan- 
ning to erect and maintain a "Palace of 
Industry" for the purpose of providing 
a permanent exposition building for the 
exhibition of manufacture, science, art, 
natural history, and the products of the 
land, the air and the water, wherein may 
l)e given entertainments and such exhi- 
bitions as are usually associated with ex- 
positions, and wherein may be held con- 
ventions and other meetings of a public 
character. The plans contemplate a fire- 
proof building, having a frontage of 800 
feet and a depth of 600 feet. There will 
be four entrances through monumental 
arches, and above the front entrance a 
dome having a diameter of 125 feet will 
rise to a height of 175 feet. In the cen- 
tre of the building there will be a hall 
measuring 275 feet by 686 feet, covered 
bv single-span trusses rising 175 feet 
a])ove the floor. Besides this grand hall 
there will be smaller auditoriums at each 
corner of the building, each of which will 
have a seating capacity of from 8,000 to 
10,000 persons. There will be numerous 
apartments arranged to be thrown into 
one apartment or used separately. 
When all of the halls are thrown into 
one, it will have a free floor space of 426,- 
000 S(|uare feet, to which the galleries 
will add 150,000 square feet. 

This enterprise, which is being pushed 
by 600 leading citizens, will be entirely 
unique in this country. It is proposed 
to erect the building upon land now in- 
cluded in the city's park system, but not 
at present utilized for a park, and, though 
the building is not to be erected by the 
city, it will revert to the city after fifty 
years. This project is essentially west- 
ern in conception, and if it comes to frui- 
tion will be a perfect example of western 
spirit and methods. Worcester business 
men who are familiar with the plans and 



.TII]<: WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



225 



dreams of tliat veU-raii enilxxliinent of 
undaunted courai;'e and persistency in 
the line of exliibition promotion — Air. 
h)hn Oilman — will recognize that his 
ideas are given concrete form in this 
Chicago enter])rise. Possibly it would 
be neither wise nor practicable to se- 
riousK' think of ennilalini;' ( liicago in 
Worcester in this maimer and matter, 
\et more of such a s])irit as this splendid 
enterprise evidences would not do W or- 
cester the least bit of harm. 



MR. Janu-s l)ra])er has given a very 
clear, comprehensive and inter- 
esting accomit of the beginning and de- 
veloi)ment of the Worcester park system 
in this number of the \\'(Hui:ster Mao 
AXixi:, which, we trust, will be carefully 
read and seriouslv considered by every 
citizen who is interested in the develop- 
ment of the cit\- along lines leading to 
the best and most ])ermanent results. 
In connection with the article upon 
'■.Munici])al Art." published in this mun- 
ber. the article of Mr. l)ra])er furnishes 
the groundwork for a theory of city 
l)rogress in this line of the esthetic- 
usefid that should scarcely be regarded 
as secondary to such material growth as 
the addition of great factories and the 
maintaining of a high percentage of pop- 
ulation increase. Tliere are always two 
factors in every (piestion affecting the 
growth of a city. The first is concerned 
with the direct promotion of the growth 
itself, and the second has to do with the 
utilization of the growth. To get a 
thing is the primal impulse, and demands 
the exertion of all our energies : to prop- 
erly make use of the desired thing forces 
upon us a ])roblem reipiiring the inter- 



vention and activity of a radically differ- 
ent set of faculties and the exercise of 
(pialities not very nearly related to those 
that are ])ut in ])lay for acquisition. 

These two fields for the exhibition and 
activity of civic spirit are not always 
properly differentiated, and the result i^ 
often clashing and confusion and stagna- 
tion. It is not necessary to assume that 
the strenuous labors of the hard-headed 
business men, looking toward the secur- 
ing of new enterprises and the building 
up of the business of the city, are op- 
l)osed to the development along lines 
which contemplate the elevation rather 
than the increase of the people, or the 
mounting totals of the l)ank clearings. 
One sphere of action complements the 
other, and no city is likelv to achieve real 
progress with either alone. The parks 
of a city are considered typical of its 
public spirit, in the sense of the disposi- 
tion of the people to make life yield its 
ade(piate rewards to the masses of peo- 
I'le; so, also, in a somewhat different 
sense, are the general esthetic, or artis- 
tic, aspects of a city considered; such as 
are treated of in the article dealing with 
municipal art. The merchant or finan- 
cial man who assiniies that harmonious 
and expressive architecture, artistic 
statues and fountains, beautiful parks, 
etc., are not \ital elements in his busi- 
ness success, \ields to an error of judg- 
ment and limited perception which limits 
his power. So, also, of a city. It is not 
good business policy to repress any 
proper i)ul)lic demand for parks, statues, 
artistic stiuares, boulevarded streets, 
handsome public buildings, etc.. all. of 
course, within reasonable and prudential 
limits. 



A Great Need and a Great Opportunity. 



By Milton P. Higgins. 




T would be hard to find a 
stronger demonstration of 
the enterprise and energy 
of the American mechanic 
than is found in the concep- 
tion and ultimate realiza- 
tion of the Worcester County 
Mechanics Association. Se- 
curing a site in the very 
heart of the city, the found- 
ers erected a building which has a wide 
reputation for the strength and beauty 
of its architecture. For forty years it 
has stood a credit to the city, to its 
modest, practical architect, and to the 
mechanics of Worcester who had the 
courage and determination to erect it. 
It is a worthy monument to the public 
spirit, the generosity and grit of the 
men who have made the city what 
it is to-day. The library, the edu- 
cational features and lecture courses 
conducted in its earlier days, its ex- 
hibitions and meetings, made the asso- 
ciation a factor of great power and 
influence in the city, and of untold ad- 
vantage to the young men growing up 
in our industries. 

Perhaps the noble undertakings of 
this organization, and their success and 
wide influence in the past, seem no- 
ticeably great when compared with the 
meagre results secured by the associa- 
tion at present. I trust that the seem- 
ing severity of this statement will not 
appear unjust or uncalled for, when we 
show how few are its benefits to-day 
compared with what might reasona- 
bly be expected from an organization 
where so much money has been invest- 
ed, with the aim of advancing the in- 
terests of the mechanic in Worcester. 
It must, however, be clearly understood 



that in making these statements there 
is no lack of appreciation of the grand 
services rendered by all the officers and 
members in carrying on the association 
through all its past history. Excellent 
effort has been made in years past with 
valuable results. The instruction in 
drawing and other subjects, and also 
the library and reading-rooms, have 
been most valuable. There was a time 
when lecture courses resulted in great 
benefit to the people, but conditions 
have so changed since these things were 
valuable and important, that not one 
which was advisable and profitable forty 
years ago, is likely to be wise or worth 
while to-day. The instruction received 
from such means is now secured in 
many other modern ways. The enter- 
tainment derived thereby has been re- 
placed by concerts, professional enter- 
tainers and the vaudeville. Whatever 
may be said as to the advantages of the 
old-time system, it has gone, never to 
return. Private or association libra- 
ries and reading-rooms can no longer 
compete with the city library. Ample 
endowment, superior facilities, trained 
and learned librarians, and constant 
contact with all the leading libraries of 
the world, put association and club 
circulating libraries out of all competi- 
tion in the matter of working facility, 
convenience, availability and comfort 
for every person who wishes to use 
books, magazines or newspapers in a 
city like Worcester. 

Take the matter of evening schools 
for instruction in drawing or other 
branches. Years ago the Mechanics 
Association offered the only evening 
courses in these branches to be had in 
the city, and they were eagerly attend. 



THE WORCESTER AIACAZIXE. 



227 



ed. Now all this has changed. Every 
city of the size of Worcester is provid- 
ing superior facilities and competent 
instruction in drawing, both free-hand 
and mechanical, and in other branches, 
mathematics, bookkeeping, etc. In- 
struction in our public schools is free to 
every citizen. This makes it unneces- 
sary to longer use the Mechanics Asso- 
ciation for such purposes; just as use- 
less as it would be for us to run an 
association grammar school or high 
school. The i)ublic schools are con- 
ducting this work, and conducting it 
well, and no association need go to the 
expense of duplicating it so long as 
there is room in the public schools, and 
so long as there are other fields of great 
importance waiting and even suffering 
for cultivation. 

We have mentioned nearly all the 
chief lines that the association has so 
ably undertaken and carried out in the 
past. To the writer it seems that the 
time is past when the doing of these 
things is advisable or profitable; still 
they are carried on at considerable ex- 
pense in competition with work of at 
least an equal quality. The time, abil- 
ity and self-sacrificing effort of the as- 
sociation officers and workers have been 
given to make these courses successful, 
and while the work done has indeed 
been creditable, yet from the condi- 
tions and nature of the case, the associ- 
ation work in these lines must be in- 
firm and, therefore, unnecessary and 
ill-advised. 

With its illustrious history and grand 
opportunities, this association cannot be 
content to confine itself to duplicating 
the public schools and libraries, running 
a miscellaneous entertainment course 
and renting a few stores and halls. 

But lest we be accused of diagnos- 
ing the case without prescribing a 
remedy for it, I will assume to suggest 
one field which ought to be covered and 



cultivated by the Mechanics Associa- 
tion in the future. There may be 
others, but I name one which seems to 
me to be the most important, for the 
need is so great. That is, the teach- 
ing of trades to the sons of its mem- 
bers by free instruction and shop prac- 
tice in connection with the public 
schools, and to boys who are not sons 
of members such instruction for a rea- 
sonable tuition. 

At the time this association was giv- 
ing such valuable training in mechani- 
cal drawing and other branches before 
they were taught in the evening pub- 
lic schools, there were many oppor- 
tunities in this city where a boy could 
learn a trade, but none where he could 
at the same time secure instruction in 
other branches. Now the conditions 
are practically reversed. The day of 
the old apprentice system is passed, 
never to return. There are some op- 
portunities to learn trades, but they 
are meagre and poor compared with 
those which the old system offered. 
Boys are not now wanted to learn to 
make machinerv, but to /<7/^/ automatic 
machines. The modern system of in- 
tensified production has driven the old 
system out. If American boys are to 
learn trades, which they must do to 
keep the grip of the industries estab- 
lished by their fathers, they must get 
the skill and knowledge in schools prop- 
erly organized and conducted for this 
purpose. 

I am convinced, after careful study, 
that the industrial interests of our 
country, and, to bring it closer to us, 
the industrial interests of Worcester, 
are beginning to suffer because Ameri- 
can boys of the best ability are not 
learning the mechanical trades. What 
are the inducements for our boys to 
learn the trades? To teach a boy a 
good trade is to give him more than an 
inheritance of money. It is to give 



228 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



him independence, reliability and vigor. 
It is to open up to him a line of great 
opportunities in manufacturing and 
mechanical industry. It is to start 
him on the road leading to great indus- 
trial accomplishments. So far as the 
kind of work affects the character of 
men, nothing in the line of human ac- 
tivity is so well calculated to develop 
that most lofty power of the human 
mind, the creative power, as the de- 
signing and making of useful things. 
This is a very high but true claim for 
the skilled worker. 

If a boy learns thoroughly the ma- 
chinist's trade, he always has, besides a 
sure, ample means of self-support and 
large opportunities of advancement to 
responsible positions in the great indus- 
trial future of this country, the best 
basis for the highest attainments in 
mechanical engineering as taught in 
our technical schools and engineering- 
colleges. A boy who learns the ma- 
chinist's trade in such a school as is 
proposed here, does not thereby shut 
off his chances for the broadest educa- 
tion and the highest culture. Indeed, 
such a career will make possible a 
higher education, for he is thereby en- 
abled to earn enough to take advanced 
courses. One of the aims of this school 
would be to lead up to the engineering 
profession by inducing and preparing 
its graduates, who are by natural 
capacity fitted for higher work, to un- 
dertake it. 

It has already been established be- 
yond dispute, and acknowledged by all 
who are fully informed, that it is quite 
possible and practicable to teach trades 
in school shops in a shorter time than 
was required in the old apprenticeship 
system, and what is of greater import- 
ance, send the boy out with a more 
efifective skill and with a broader edu- 
cation and culture than could ever have 
been possible under the old system. 



There is no technical school which 
meets this need. They all aim for the 
production of the engineer and not the 
machinist, foreman and superintend- 
ent. Every practical engineer should 
go over the same road that the ma- 
chinist and foreman goes over. 

Technical schools are to-day out of 
the reach of the boy of fourteen or fifteen 
years of age who comes lo the question 
as to what he is going to do to earn a 
living. If by three or four more years 
of schooling he could be prepared to go 
out and earn good wages at once, he 
would be induced to keep on. If, how- 
ever, he must pass the high require- 
ments of entrance examinations, spend 
four years struggling through a tech- 
nical school at great expense to his 
parents, and then upon graduation not 
be able to command as good wages as 
a skilled worker, it is too discouraging 
a prospect for a boy who must early 
look out for himself. If, on the other 
hand, he could say to his father 
at the time he finished the grammar 
school, "Father, instead of going to 
the high school let me go to the trade 
school now, and in three, or at most 
four years, I will be ready to earn my 
living at a good trade," what father is 
there that would not aid his son in 
every way possible to take such a 
course? 

If these facts are admitted, let us 
consider what can be accomplished by 
the Worcester County Mechanics As- 
sociation in the solution of this prob- 
lem. Let us not duplicate what we 
find in the high school, but let us make 
use of that for the academic part of the 
training, and let ns supply to-day what 
is lacking, even as the founders of this 
association supplied what was lacking 
many years ago. Let us, then, provide 
an opportunity for two hundred boys 
wishing to learn the machinist's trade, to 
get practical modern apprentice train- 



THE worci<:stI":r aiacazi xe. 



229 



ing at the same time they are availing 
themselves of a high-school course. As 
it is proposed that we shall not dupli- 
cate the high school, but furnish sim- 
ply the apprentice training, depending 
upon the high school for the academic 
part, and requiring for the apprentice 
training one-half the pupil's time, 1 
shall refer to the proposed trade school 
as the Half-time vSchool. 

The land which the association owns 
between ^Nlain and Waldo streets at the 
rear of Mechanics Hall is an ideal loca- 
tion for a building for the purposes of 
the Half-time School. Such a building 
need not cost over twenty thousand 
dollars. It would be advisable to be- 
gin with one trade onlv, and that the 
machinist's trade. This Mechanics 
Association school shop should be 
equipped with motive power, and all 
the most modern tools and appliances 
for the manufacture of machinery by 
the latest and best methods. Such an 
equipment should be chosen as would 
make it a model of what a machine-shop 
of its size ought to contain. It should 
be the best machine-shop in the city 
of Worcester, and, if possible, the best 
in the country. Not only must this be 
true as regards the equipment, but it 
must be conducted upon strictly prac- 
tical and commercial methods. It must 
be a business shop, not a play shop or 
school laboratory. 

The scheme that is proposed is not 
a manual-training scheme, but it is 
to teach young men modern com- 
mercial machine-shop methods and 
practice so that they can earn their 
living by it, and this can only be done 
in a shop equipped and conducted to 
meet modern demands of high-grade 
competitive business. Thus it will de- 
mand the respect of all good mechanics 
and of the buyers of good machinery, 
for this shop will have machinery to 
sell which will be equal, if not superior. 



to anything on the market in its line. 

There was a time when no man could 
confidently say that such a shop as is 
proposed could be operated with a large 
body of students, but the records of the 
Washburn Shops of the Polytechnic In- 
stitute, founded by the practical, far- 
seeing Ichabod Washburn, ever fore- 
most in the successful establishment of 
this Mechanics Association, have dem- 
onstrated that such a shop can be made 
successful in teaching the machinist's 
trade and in keeping the educational 
interests of the pupil always first. It 
has also proved that the business of 
such shops may be made self-support- 
ing and of the highest standard of ex- 
cellence. 

The Half-time School proposed for 
the Mechanics Association may be es- 
tablished upon conditions much more 
favorable to self-support than the 
Washburn Shops, for it can be man- 
aged with a more direct aim, and with 
a singleness of purpose to teach the 
machinist's trade in the broadest and 
most thorough manner, and not simply 
to give the student a fair idea of shop 
methods. 

The plan suggested for the Half-time 
School is for the association to carry on 
the work of teaching the boy a trade 
half of his time while he is given in- 
struction in the public schools the other 
half. Inirther than hearty co-opera- 
tion with the School Hoard, which shall 
secure a satisfactory course in academic 
instruction, the ]\Iechanics Association 
would not be responsible for the school- 
room part. The association would give 
the boy the best training possible in the 
trade. It is reasonable to presume that 
the School Board will make provision 
for a class of boys whose needs are so 
imperative. They make provisicm for 
boys who have to work all day by pro- 
viding evening schools; would they not 
gladlv make provision for a class of 



230 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



boys who would give half their time to 
study? The present high-school course 
as it is, is almost suited for their needs, 
and with a few changes, owing to the 
special exigencies of their case, which 
could be made without great inconven- 
ience or expense, the high-school train- 
ing of these boys could be provided for. 

Hundreds of boys, as evidenced by 
our evening schools, work ten hours a day 
and attend school in the evening. It 
is proposed that in the Half-time School 
the boys shall work five hours a dav in 
the shop, and a part of the rest of the 
day. say four hours, in school. Two 
classes of one hundred boys each could 
easily be accommodated. While one 
class is working in the shop, another 
class will be occupied in the school- 
room. For example, a class enters the 
shop at one o'clock on Monday, work- 
ing five hours. This class returns at 
seven o'clock the next morning and 
works five hours again. Tuesday after- 
noon and Wednesday morning are 
spent in the school-room, while the 
class which is in the school-room from 
Mondav noon until Tuesdav noon 
comes into the shop for two half days, 
separated by a night of rest. By such 
an arrangement Saturday afternoon 
and Monday morning would be holi- 
days, and by this division of work, as- 
suring a half day only of work or study 
at a stretch, sufficient diversion and 
variety is secured, and at the same time 
the work both in school and shop is not 
seriously broken into by too frequent 
change of classes. 

If space and time permitted, it would 
be easy to show facts to prove the prac- 
ticabilitv of such a trade school and the 



requirements relating to necessary 
equipment, plans, courses, and funds 
required to establish such a school with 
ample working capital. 

The demand for trade instruction in 
Worcester is so great, and the under- 
taking promises such great benefits 
when united with our public high- 
school work, that it would seem as if 
it must be admitted that it is a desira- 
ble thing to do, if possible. If this is 
admitted, the only question to be con- 
sidered is the financial one. 

In recollection of the noble work 
done by the founders of the association 
in placing in our hands a property on 
Main street free from debt (nine years 
ago), with a present annual income of 
over $13,000, and with a possible earn- 
ing capacity much greater, we have 
already a large part of what we need. 
This required the donation of §30,000 
in personal gifts, with which they be- 
gan the erection of Mechanics Hall at 
a cost of $148,123. which we have held 
as our inheritance free from debt or in- 
cumbrance. This was done by a few 
citizens when the population of Wor- 
cester was only 17,000. Cannot we 
raise the necessary additional amount 
to establish a trade school with our 
present population, and the great pros- 
perity of our mechanical industries?' 
I believe that with such an object in 
view, the association would have the 
support of all public-spirited citizens of 
Worcester, and that sufficient funds 
could be raised and the enterprise car- 
ried out in a manner that would de- 
serve and have the approval of the 
leading educators throughout the land. 



The Parks and Playgrounds of Worcester. 



By James Dkai-er, Secretary Wor. ester Parks Commission. 




III'. ])rescnt 
])arl-; svs- 
t r 111 <) f 
Worcester 
covers an 
area of 387 
acres, di- 
vided into 
tell parks 
as follows: 
Lake J*ark, 
containing' 
1 10 acres, 
located on the west shores of Lake 
Oninsiganiond : I'.hn Park, including 
Newton hill, S(S acres, on the west side 
of the city; luist Tark, including 
Chandler hill, 81 acres, between Shrews- 
bury and Relmont streets: Xorth T'ark, 
between liurncoat and Lincoln streets, 
40 acres; Institute, between Salisbury 
and Grove streets. 18 acres; Crompton, 
ill the soiilheaslerly ])art of the city, be- 
tween Millbury street and Ouinsiga- 
iiiond a\enue, 15 acres; L'niversitv, at 
the south end, on Main street, O])positc 
Clark Lniversity, 14 acres; Dodge Park, 
on Xorth avenue, near Odd I'ellows' 
TTonu'. 13 acres: tlu' old Connnon, with 
a little less than S acre^. and l-"airniount, 
on Messinger hill, a little less than one 
acre. 

Tlie history of the ])ark sy>teni dates 
from the time the first reservation was 
niadt,- b\- tlir earl\ settlers, when the old 
Common was set aside for a training- 
field, garrison, church and schoolhouse. 

The records of a meeting hekl at Cam- 
bridge July r)th. \()(n). show the votes 
and agreements of the committee ap- 



pointed by the General Court with 
authority to maintain a new plantation 
called Worcester. The language of the 
vote in question is as follows: 

"Ordered and agreed that therre be a 
])lace reserved nearre ye centere of ve 
towne. convenient for that ])urpo5e, 
about twenty acceres, for a trayning 
field and to set a schoole-house upon, as 
nearre as may be 'where the meeting 
house shall be placed." 

From the plan of an old survev it ap- 
])ears that the old Common had a front- 
age on .Main street from the corner of 
Park street to a point about opposite the 
north line of Elm street, thence turning 
at a right angle and ninning in a straight 
line to a point near tlu' ])resent Mre De- 
partment head(|uarters ; then turning 
again at a right angle and running to a 
])oint on Front street opposite where the 
soldiers' monument stands; thence east- 
erl\- again to the present Salem square, 
and then along said s(|uare and Park 
street to the Main street point of begin- 
ning. 

The encroachments upon this original 
ieser\ation for \arion> i)iir])oses have re- 
duced the area to a little less than eight 
acres, and the Common as now bounded 
b\ Main, h'roiit and Park streets and Sa- 
Uni s(|uare is the only tract that any of 
the ])resent generation recognizes as the 
original training-field provided by our 
forefathers. 

This old Common has a history that 
of itself would furnish the subject for a 
lengtlu articU' in the W'oKCK.STKR ^L^G.\- 
/ASE, and we have members of the Board 
of Trade who could contribute very in- 
terestinu narratives of the events that 




PLAY FIELD AND WADING POOLS, CROMPTON PARK 



HIE W (J R C E S T K K A 1 A ( , A Z I N E , 



2.33 



lia\t.' trans])in,'il within its liordcrs. Al- 
lusidii. howcxcr. ina\' 1)C' iiiadt,' to the 
uses to whicli this land was ])ut by the 
carl\' settlers, for in adrhtion to the train- 
int^-tiekl. church and school, the easterly 
])art where the L;ro\'e now' stands was 
used as a burial-^ronml. This was sur- 
rounded by a stone wall, and the en- 
trance gate was located near where the 
tlai^-stafif now stands. ( )n either side of 
the entrance stood the oUl hearse-house 
and i;un-house. and some historians as- 
sert that the g'allows-honse was in close 
])ro\iinit\ to the m"un-house. 

( )n the east side of the l)urial-ground 
the town ])oim(l was located, and be- 
tween the ])ountl and the corner of hront 
street the old brick school-house that 
some of us attended in our childhood 
da\s. Near the corner of Park street 
and Salem square was a small wooden 
school-house, btit it hail an earlier his- 
tory than the one alreadx alluded to. 
I'or man\ years there was a w'ell-trav- 
eled road from the corner of Main and 
I'ront streets to the corner of Park 
street near Salem, and aiujther from the 
corner of Park and Main streets to the 
corner of I'ront street and Salem S(|uare. 
Mere were held the earl\- cattle-shows, 
menag'eries, tircinenV musters, as well as 
various other otitdoor demonstrations, 
and man\- (if the residents in the vicinity 
found it a convenient ])lace to beat tlu' 
dust from their carj^ets. 

In the year 1854 the city ])urchased of 
lion. Levi Lincoln and John ilammond 
a tract of land comprising twenty-six 
acres, at a cost of about $11,000. This 
tract, now hdm Park, was known for 
\ears as the \ew C'onnnon. and the va- 
rious tent exhibitions were transferred 
from the old lonnnon to the ni'W. The 
discontintiing of the roads that crossed 
the C'onnnon. and later the removal of 
the railroad tracks, offered an oi)])ortu- 
nity to begin the work of permanently 
improving this ground. W alks were laid 



out. drains and gutters constructed, the 
low sections raised to conform to the 
streets adjoining the Common, the 
burial-ground graded, and headstones 
laid over the graves and buried about 
two feet below the surface. This in sub- 
stance was all that was done on this tract 
until after the new City Hall was con- 
structed, when the general imj^rove- 
ments in the way of regrading, draining 
and building Ijrick walks were com- 
])leted. 

\\ hile the New ComuK^n was pur- 
chased in 1854, but little interest in im- 
proving it was manifested by the City 
Council or the public in general for 
many years. Pul)lic sentiment was not 
friendly to the expenditure of the public 
funds for such luxuries. This same spirit 
asserted itself when the Ibm. Isaac 
l)a\is ])resente(l the city a large tract of 
land on the shores of Lake Ouinsiga- 
mond. In his inaugural addres- in i8'>i 
Mayor iJavis said : 

Lake Quinsigamond is becoming a 
place of great resort for the in- 
habitants of our cit\- for boating 
and bathing in stnnmer, and skat- 
ing in winter. lndi\iduals who re- 
sort to this beautiful lake for recrea- 
tion and amusement are far more nu- 
merous than all who visit the Xew Com- 
mon, which was purchased and improved 
at an expense of about $13,500. Xo- 
where upon the shores of the lake is 
there anv land belonging to the city 
wlure the i)eoi)le can resort without 
being tresi)assers. 1 ])ropose. as soon 
as 1 can procure the necessary surveys, 
to present to the citv a tract of land bor- 
dering ui)on the lake, ami also upon the 
railroad, for the purpiisc of a iniblic 
|)ark. where public schools and Sunday 
schools mav hold their picnics, where in- 
dividuals or clubs can liave their boat- 
houses, where skating parties can 
assemble and see and enjoy its l)eautiful 
scenerv without being trespassers. 
Whenever this gift is made I hope you 
will not have the least delicacv about re- 
jecting it. if vou are not fully satisfied 
that it will be beneficial to the city. One 




THE GREAT BOULDER. SHELTER AND WHARF, LAKE PARK. 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



235 



mode of addin.^- to the wealth and pros- 
])erity of the cit\- is to make it beautiful 
and attractive, so that men of science, 
wealth, oenius and learning may select it 
as a place of residence. 

In conformit\- with that statement in 
his inaugural acUlress. the surveys were 
made, deeds executed, and the formal 
transfer of the i)r()pertv to the city com- 
pleted. This was acknowledged by the 
Citv Council, and suitable resolutions 
ado])ted thanking the donor. 

The following vear, i8f)2, the sjjirit of 
economv and retrenchment being upper- 
most in the nn'nds of the civil authorities, 
a resolution was adopted by the City 
Cotmcil asking for an opinion from the 
city solicitor as to what liability the city 
had incurred b\- the acceptance of the 
gift. The reph-, in sub>tance. was that 
only such liabilities as were indicated 
in the deed of gift, which were to 
construct a boundary stone wall on 
two sides of the tract and allow the 
grantor a right of way through said land. 
W ith this infc^rmation acquired, and es- 
timating that it would cost from $150 to 
$200 to build the wall specified, the City 
Council voted to return the deeds to the 
donor. J*'ourteen acres of land border- 
ing on the shores of the lake did not ap- 
peal to the authorities as worth $200 for 
a ])ublic i^ark. Ma\-or T^. \\'aldo Lin- 
coln, in his inaugural the following year, 
urged a reconsideration of this action, 
but w-ithout avail. 1 le was a believer in 
])ublic parks, and at his suggestion an 
order was introduced the same year to 
the L"it\- Council as follows: 

"Ordered: That the mayor be in- 
structed to appl\ to the Legislature for 
the necessary powers for the ap])oint- 
ment of a board of commissioners, who 
shall have charge of the sliade-trees and 
public grounds of the city, and whose 
term of office and mode of election shall 
be similar to the Commissioners of Hope 
Cenieterv." 



This order was "referred to the next 
cit\- government.'' 

The administration of 1862 took up 
this matter and petitioned the Legisla- 
ture. .\ law was enacted which was sub- 
se(iuently ratified by the voters at the 
cit\- election. The indifference was 
manifested bv the light vote of 451 out of 
over 3.000, and the measure was onlv 
carried by a majoritv of 57 votes, Ward 
5 alone casting 215 votes against it. 
The following year Edward Earle, James 
I'. IMake and Henr\- Prentice were ap- 
l)ointed Conmiissioners of Shade-trees 
and Public Cirounds. In addition to the 
care of the shade-trees, the Common, 
Xew Conmion (or Elm Parkj, Mechanic 
street burial-ground, and the one called 
Pine Meadow burying-ground, came 
under their jurisdiction. The care of the 
burial-places continued under direction 
of the commissioners until 1870, when, 
by a revision of the city charter, they 
were relieved of the same. 

The Board of Commissioners as first 
appointed continued in service two 
years, when George Jacpies succeeded 
James P». lUake. Mr. Jaques remained 
on the board for six years. L'nder his 
direction the first work of improvement 
at Elm Park was begun. Fhis was main- 
ly in the line mentioned in the report for 
i8r)(), where Mr. Jaques says: "The care 
annually bestowed on this parcel of land 
has become a systematic routine of 
mowing grass. re])airing fences and 
dumping in tilling, for the reception of 
which the capabilities of the ground are 
believed to be efpialed by those of any 
first-class park in the Commonwealth." 

The lack of appreciation of our parks 
at this period is evident from the tone of 
Mr. Ja(|ues' words in the same rejiort, 
where he says : "The connnissioners 
gladl\- turn to seek the bright side of tiie 
picture ami. mindful that tall oaks from 
little acorns grow sometimes to great 
size, thev look forward to a possible 



236 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



future when, fifty or more years hence, 
the purchase of this now unneeded pleas- 
ure-ground may l)e as mncli a subject of 
congratulation as it is to-day of regret. 
Who lives will see."" During Mr. Jaques' 
term of office the venerable member of 
our present Board of Park Commission- 
ers, Mr. (). 1). Hadwen, was appointed, 
and with the exception of an interim of 
three years has continued in the service 
till the present time. 

In the year 1870 Edward \\inslow 
Lincoln accepted an appointment on the 
board from James 1>. lUake. then mayor. 
The first annual re])ort following this ap- 
pointment was from his pen, and was not 
of a very hopeful nature, in one sen- 
tence he says: 'Tt is a matter of pro- 
found regret, with the conmiissioners, 
that they can hold out such slight pros- 
pects, to the present generation, of any 
material improvement in the appearance 
and condition of our public grounds." 
The service rendered the city of Worces- 
ter bv Edward Winslow Lincoln during 
his twenty-five years' connection with the 
Board of Park Commissioners is so well 
known that it is not necessary to re- 
view it. The reports of the commission 
that emanated entirely from his pen were 
uni(|ue among the public documents of 
the city. They were not confined to the 
doings of the board, but dealt upon all 
(juestions of municipal interest. He 
never hesitated to express his mind 
freely, forcibly and fearlessly. It may 
be said that the most conspicuous parts 
of his reports as affected our park system 
were the agitation of a broad boulevard 
to encircle the citv, the acquisition of 
Newton hill for park purposes, and a dis- 
tributing reservoir, and the eviction of 
the Old South Church from the Com- 
mon. 

The retirement of George Jaques from 
the board in 1870 created a vacancy 
which was filled by the appointment of 
Stephen Salisbury, Jr., and for fifteen 



consecutive years Messrs. Lincoln, Had- 
wen and Salisbtiry constituted the Com- 
mission of Shade-trees and Public 
Grounds. During that time the plant- 
ing and care of the shade-trees and the 
work of improving Elm Park were all 
that was done by that commission. 

In the year 1884 Mr. H. H. Bigelow 
and Edward L. Davis deeded to the city 
for park purposes a tract of land bor- 
dering on the lake, containing no acres. 
Mr. Davis supplemented his gift of land 
with a donation of $5,000 with which to 
begin the improvement of this park. At 
the November election that year the cit- 
izens accepted the general park act of 
1882, by a vote of 5,094 yeas and 181 
nays. Lender the provisions of that act 
the numl)er of commissioners was in- 
creased to five members, the two new 
members added being Hon. Edward L. 
Davis and Capt. J. Evarts Greene. The 
new board organized May ist, 1885, by 
the choice of Edward Winslow Lincoln 
as chairman and secretary, which posi- 
tion he held till the time of his death in 
1896. 

It was during the year 1885 ^^^^^ the 
scheme for a distributed system of ptib- 
lic parks was formulated by Hon. Ed- 
ward L. Davis, the originator of the 
idea, who was ably assisted by Capt. J. 
Evarts Greene. These gentlemen made 
a careful survey of the city in search of 
available lands, and having practically 
decided upon the locations that have 
since been adopted, preparetl an exhaus- 
tive report of their doings, which was 
presented to and adopted bv the full 
Board of Park Commissioners. This re- 
port was presented to the City Coimcil, 
and manv articles appeared in the press 
for and against the project. The pre- 
vailing sentiment was in favor of the 
plan. The question of financiering the 
project was the next move, and an order 
was introduced into the City Council di- 
recting the mayor to petition the Gen- 



Till': wo RC EST j:k magazine. 



237 



cral Court for an act t.) allow the city of 
Worcester to create a ])ark loan of $250.- 
000 outside of the Hniit of municipal in- 
debtedness, 'idle authority asked for 
was tj^'rauted at the same session oi the 
( ieneral Court, and on Sei^teniber 20th. 
188C), the formal votes were ])asse(l \n- 
the I 'arks C'onnnissiou re(|ue~tinL;' the 
C'ity C"ouncil to approjjriate the neces- 
sar\' funds for the purchase of seven par- 
cels of land for jjark purposes. The as- 
sessed value of the lands covered in this 
re])ort wa> about 8150,000. 

1 )urini;- the remainder of the year 18:^6 
and during- the years i887-'88, the neces- 
sarv action was taken 1)\ the City Cotm- 
cil to ac(|uire the lands now included in 
our ])ark svsteni. I he orio^inal ])lans 
were somewhat modihed and chan<^"ed to 
meet such exigencies as arose during the 
time the negotiations were pending. The 
jirice obtained from the owner oi the 
lands first selected at .Adams square a])- 
peared to the commission to l)e exces- 
sive, and a new location in inmiediate 
proximity was selected, where a much 
larger area was t)btained. and at a much 
ni( ire reasonable price. 

The original ])\:\n for Cniversit\- Park 
did not include the Main street front. 
At the earnest solicitation of I [on. Jonas 
G. Clark, the area of this park was in- 
creased In- the ]^urchase of the land 
fronting on Main street. In Ward 5 two 
lots were recommended in the report of 
the commission; one on ( lold street. 
near the W yman 1 )ro])- l-'orging W'ork^. 
and the other between (Juinsiga'.uoud 
avenue and the I 'rovidence tJv Worcester 
railroad. Uoth of these lots were aban- 
• loned and the land now comprised in 
Crompton Park substituted. The origi- 
nal plans of the commission at Institute 
Park called for taking all the vacant land 
bounded by ( irove street. Park avenue, 
Salisbury street and .Sali>burv pond for 
jiark i)urposes. The plot contained 31 
acres. While negotiations were pi'uding 



for the purchase of some of the other 
tract>, li(jn. Stephen Salisburv deeded 
to the city as a gift that i)ortion (jf 
the land lying west of Salisbury pond, 
containing 18 acres. Mis deed was 
dated October ist. 1887. These were 
the onl\ changes made, and the relative 
])o-ition of the i)arks as originally de- 
signed remained unchanged. 

l*>y an act of the Legislature, passed 
June ](}. 1887, the city was given the free 
use of alxjut 12 acres oi land, which is 
included in l^a^t Park, the conditions 
being that it should be ever maintained 
as a public ])ark, and that it should be 
ljroi)erly drained, tilled and graded and 
put under suitable cultivation and orna- 
mentatii )n. 

< In December i, 1890, Mr. Thomas H. 
Dodge deeded to the city as a gift the 
1^ acres of land now known as Dodsre 
Park. Two vears later D. S. .Messinger, 
I^s(|.. ])resented the lot of land that con- 
stitutes l-'airmonnt Park, containing 
about one acre. 

The total ex])enditure for land from 
the original ])ark loan was $245,000. 

The original Board of Park Commis- 
sioners was composed of Edward W'ins- 
low Lincoln. ( >. P.. 1 ladwen. Stephen 
Salisbury, Edward L. 1 )a\is and J. Evarts 
( ireene. Mr. (ireene retired during the 
\ ear tollowing his ap])ointment an<l 
James Dra])er was ai)pointed by Mayor 
W inslow as hi> successor. .Mr. Salis- 
bury resigned the next year and Martin 
( ireen succeeded him. Since that year 
several changes ha\e occurred in the 
board, and Messrs. William IT. Sawyer 
and LaKin L. Hartshorn have serveil 
short terms as members. The present 
Hoard of Park Commissioners is coni- 
l)osed of I'Mwin P. Curtis, chairman; 
James Draper, secretary; Obadiali P.. 
lladwen, William Hart and P)enjaniin 
W. Childs. 




TOWER OX RAXCROFT ]I1LL, AXD IXSTITUTE PARK. 



T 1 1 ]•: W U R C E S T K R Ai . V ( , A Z 1 X K . 



239 



ELM PARK. 

]n describini;' the work on lliis |)arl< it 
is necessary to divide it into two sec- 
tions, the original New Common and the 
Newton-hill accession. When ilu' first 
purchase was made, in 1S54. thi> tract 
was lari^eh a low, niarsh\- tract, over- 
o^rown with l)rnsh and briars, hor years 
it was the dunipin^'-oiTonnd of the cen- 
tral and west i)arts of the city, and on 
what hard ^ronnd there was the tra\-el- 
ino" circnses and nienag'eries held their 
exhibitions, i)a\ini;- a small rental. This 
fnrnished the only fnnds the conmiission 
had. for man\- years, to use in the im- 
provenieni of this park. l')\- the will of 
Hon. Levi Lincoln the sum e)l $1,000 
was left for the improvement of this 
park, but little wa- attem])ted in the 
way of development until \^J-\.. when an 
appro])riation of $2,000 was made by the 
Citv Council, to be ex])en(led in draining', 
i^'radin^- and laxint;- out walks, and ])lant- 
ino" of trees. 

l'"rom that time forward, under a care- 
fully matured plan, Mr. Lincoln directed 
the work which has wroui^ht such a 
wonderful transformatit)n. To describe 
the man\- features that contribute to the 
beatuy and attractiveness of thi> ])ark. 
would reipiire more space than can l)e 
allowed in this article. The collection of 
rare trees and shrubs and their artistic 
arran<^enient. tlie large masses of rhodo- 
dendrons and azaleas that the jicaty soil 
makes possible to be grown most luxu- 
riantly, the islands covered with the na- 
tive flora of this county, the extensive 
water-views, the Inroad stretches of 
lawn, present a picture rarely e(|ualed in 
anv park in this country. The Xewton- 
hill section presents a widely different 
character. In its develoi)ment several 
thousand trees have been planted, and 
large areas have been cleared of un- 
sightly brush and stones. The construc- 
tion of a road-way to the sununit gives 
our citizA'Us an (ipi)ortnnity to get a view 



of residential Worcester to the best ad- 
\aiUage. 



LXS'IM liri-: LARK. 

The natural advantages of this tract, 
bordering on Salisbury pond, liave made 
it possible in a very short time to create 
a ])ark that has become very i^o])ular to 
visitors. The finely-constructed drive, 
skirting the shore of the p md, has be- 
come a favorite resort of c\clists. and 
the location of the band-stand at the foot 
of the hilly slope has afforded an op])or- 
tunit\- for thousands to enjoy the band- 
concerts. In addition to the gift of land 
for this park Mr. Salisbury has caused to 
be erected the rustic stone tower, a fac- 
simile of the ••( )ld Mill"" at Xewport ; the 
boat-house, band-stand, a rustie bridge 
to connect an island with the main land, 
and several roomy shelters in different 
liarts of the park. The trees planted 
have already made a good growth. 



LA 



'ARK. 



The gift of .Mr. 11. 11. lligelow and 
Hon. Edward L. Davis of no acres of 
lan<l bordering on Lake Ouinsiganiond 
has made possible the enjoyment of 
those i)ri\ileges described in the inau- 
gural address of the Hon. Isaac Davis in 
1861. Cognizant of the fact that his 
father's gift was declined on account of 
the cost to the city of constructing two 
short sections of l>oundar\ wall. Mr. 
Da\i> supplementeil his gift with a do- 
nation of $5,000 to make the necessarv 
surveys and construct a drive around the 
park, which should define its boundarv 
in a most ])ractical and intelligent man- 
ner, 'i'his contribution also allowed for 
the construction of the large shelter in 
the centre of the park, and the clearing 
of a large portion of woodland of under- 
brush and the deadwood accunnilation 
of \ears past. A third gift from Mr. 
Davis was the massive stone tower 
which crowns the highest point of land 




OnSERVATIoX TOWER AND BELI. POND, EAST PARK. 



T H E w () k ( • [•: s 'I' !•: R m a ( ; a z i x n: . 



241 



to be louiid l)fl\vcen the railmad and the 
lake. The im])rovenieiits on this park 
liax'e been ni a (hfYereiu nature from the 
others. The ])reser\atii m ot' the water- 
front from the wearing- a\va\of the hanks 
1)\- the aetion of the \va\e> from thr lleet 
of lake steamers, has necessitated the con- 
struction of a heavy revetment wall the 
entire lenqth of the lake-front. ( )n ac- 
count t)f the steep banks on the edi^e of 
the lake, this work has Ijcen difficult, la- 
borious and expensive. A steamboat 
landing' was constructed, affordins;' an 
opportunity for visitors to reach the 
park by the lal<e steamers. In a central 
hication a lari^e ])Ia\-tield has been 
s^raded and e(|uipped with the necessary 
back-sto])s and seats for players and vis- 
itors. To make accessible the interest- 
in£( ])arts of the park, some three miles 
of park drives have been built, and those 
less frequented have been seeded to 
grass, thus affortlino- a most (piiet and 
restful carriage road, which is becoming" 
very much sought. As some ~^ acres of 
this park is woodland, most of these 
drives are shaded already, and the rajiid 
growth of the younger trees will soon 
spread their branches over the remain- 
der. Some of the points of interest that 
attract visitors here are the grove, the 
great boulder, the glen, the deep gidch, 
the ford, the Sisters, the over-look near 
the Sisters, and the Ijoidder dri\e. 

UXI\l-,RSnA' PARK. 

What Mr. Lincoln accomplished at 
Elm Park in the collection of rare and 
interesting trees, 'Sir. Iladwen is at- 
tempting on a smaller scale at Univer- 
sity I'ark. lli> large acquaintance with 
tree and ])lant life has enabled him to 
assemble liere a great \"ariet\ of trees 
that are not only interesting in them- 
selves, but will be found to be very help- 
ful to students of botany in our public 
schools. The limited area of this park. 



13 acres, will nijt allow (jf the intn^duc- 
tion of many features than can be main- 
tained on the larger parks. A pleasing 
waterscai)e etTect has been produced In- 
excavating a small pond, and the island 
feature of the pond, which is largelv of a 
peaty formation, will offer a rare oppor- 
tum'ty ff)r the growth of the rhododen- 
dron and azalea, which are being ])lante(l 
in large numbers each year. .Many va- 
rieties of choice flowering shrubs have 
alreadx been ])lanted, and each vear's 
growth and develoijment adds to the at- 
tractiveness of this ])ark. which mav be 
classified as one of the garden parks of 
the system. 

NORTH I -ARK. 

With an area of about 40 acres, an 
op])ortunit\ is afforded here to combine 
the several features of a forest, lake, and 
garden i)ark. The undulating character 
of the land and diversity of soil will 
enable the conunission to develop great 
varietv in the landscape effect. Possess- 
ing several never-failing springs, by 
some slight excavations and the building 
of a substantial dam. a fine sheet of 
water of eight acres in extent was ob- 
tained. A smaller water-feature, in the 
wav of a large basin of about half an 
acre, with a fountain in the centre, has 
been constructed with most pleasing re- 
sults. This park i> being developed in 
accordance with a plan prepared by a 
])ro{essional landscape architect, and one 
section is about completed in the way of 
r.)ads. walks, and the planting of trees 
and shrubs. It is believed that with the 
oi)ening of the carriage-drive to the i>ub- 
lic. which is exjiected to be done during 
the present year, there will be a large in- 
crease of visitors, many of whom un- 
doubtedlv will be surprised to find so 
manv features here that go to constitute 
an ideal i)ark. 



242 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE, 



CROAIPTOX PARI- 



:V. 



Located in a densely-settled section of 
the city, this tract calls for a different 
plan of development from most of the 
other parks. Tlie play-field feature is 
most prominent, and although three 
baseball diamonds have been laid out, it 
is no unusual sioht to find three or four 
additional games in progress. The wad- 
ing-pool, which was first put to use in 
the year 1898, has proved to be a very 
popular anuisement for the children of 
both sexes, and hundreds of the little 
ones can be seen here in warm days dis- 
porting themselves in the water. The 
swings and "teeters'" introduced have 
been in constant use, and the oval run- 
ning track, seven laps to the mile, offers 
an opportunit}' for competilive trials by 
those interested. One section of this 
park is designated for the use of women 
and children, and will l)e laid out with 
walks and planted with flowering shrubs. 
Several hundred shade-trees have al- 
ready been planted, and a mall twenty- 
five feet in width constructed on the four 
sides of the park. A substantial band- 
stand has been erected, and a concert 
grove of large elm trees planted in close 
proximity. A liberal supplv of seats in 
the vicinity of this grove, and on the 
hillside near by, contributes to the com- 
fort of the visitors. 

EAST PARK. 

The description given of Crompton 
Park will, in a large measure, apply to 
the twelve-acre section of East Park bor- 
dering on Shrewsburv street. The same 
play-ground features have been intro- 
duced, ball-fields, swings and "teeters," 
a wading-pond of over an acre in area, 
with a band-stand and numerous seats on 
the hillside near the same. The Chandler- 
hill section of this park is the highest 
elevation in the park system, and on the 
summit a substantial lookout tower has 



been erected. The views obtained from 
this point differ from those of Newton 
hill. Here industrial Worcester is 
spread out like a grand panorama before 
you, and in the distance, on all sides, the 
hill-towns that surround Worcester are 
clearly visible — Shrewsbur}-, ^Marlboro, 
Grafton, Sutton, Auburn, Leicester, and 
Princeton. Jn addition to these. Wa- 
chusett, Asnelnuuskit, the Rutland hills 
on the west, and the valley of the Ouin- 
sigamond on the east, offer a most inter- 
esting landscape. The southerly slope 
of the hill is partially covered with wood- 
land, which has been cleared of under- 
brush, walks graded and seats placed in 
different sections of the woods. The 
uneven contour of the westerly slope of 
the hill made possible the grading of a 
tract sufficiently large for a ball-field, 
which has been well patronized. The 
approach to the sununit from Pelmont 
street has been made accessible by the 
construction of a drive, which encircles 
the hill in going to and from the summit. 
Bell pond, once the source of the city's 
water-supply, is now included in this 
|)ark, and adds another interesting feat- 
ure to the landscape. 

DODGE PARK. 

Dodge Park, situated about midway 
between Purncoat and West I'oylston 
streets, and in close ])roximity to Green- 
dale, one of the most thriving suburbs of 
the citv, offers op])ortunities to combine 
l)Oth the park and play-ground features. 
Plans have been prepared which provide 
a good-sized play-field, a small pond 
(which, in addition to the embellishment 
of the park, will afford skating privileges 
in winter), and other water features in 
the wav of cascades and aquatic gardens. 
A wooded tract of about two acres has 
already received attention in the way of 
walk construction, the building of a rus- 
tic stone bridge, and the establishment 



1 



W ( )kCESTI-:R MACAZIXE, 



243 



of scats aiul tal)ks fur small picnic par- 
ties. 

The covering' of the natural sprins^" 
Avitli a structure made of field-stone laid 
in cenieiit, and (|uite uni(|ue in design, 
lias ])r()\e(l a ;L;reat attractinn to \isitors. 



'The natural i)h\sical conditions cxistinjs^ 
here in the way of wood, hill, and low- 
lands, will make possible the develop- 
ment of a i)ark that will compare favor- 
al)l\ with an\ in the svstem. 



Plan for Caucus Nominations in City Elections. 



Bv n. w. V. 




X city elections it is a ques- 
tion of men rather than 
measures. The officers of a 
city are chosen to conduct 
its business. They are re- 
(piired to use their own judg- 
ment in deciding municipal 
(juestions, to exercise their 
own discretion rather than 
to obey express commands of 
the ultimate governing power. Com- 
mands may be given in special cases, 
but, in general, city otificers are judged 
rather by results arrived at by methods 
of their own than by their obedience to 
the will of the majority. Assuming 
this, a city election should result in 
the selection of those citizens best 
qualified by natural ability and by ex- 
perience to decide the problems which 
the government of a modern city i)re- 
sents. and to efficiently conduct its 
affairs. 

In city elections, unfortunately, the 
national parties are so strong as to 
compel a division on |)olitical lines, and 
too often party allegiance is considered 
when more substantial (lualifications 
are overlooked. It then becomes of the 
utmost importame, if party loyalty 
is to be a test, that it should aid, or at 
least not conflict, with the proper choice 
of city officers, and that only well- 



cpialified men should be nominated in 
the caucus. The present method, how- 
ever, is at best characterized by a sort 
of drifting policy. It is necessary that 
candidates be in the field before the 
caucus is held, but it is left to 
would-be candidates to start their own 
boom and swell the number of their 
supporters by their individual efforts, 
or to remain more or less passively " in 
the hands of their friends."' 

The citizen at the caucus too often 
finds that his sole choice is between two 
self-seeking j)oliticians. 

The arts, methodsand the companion- 
ships necessary in many cases to pro- 
cure a party nomination are such as to 
effectually bar the very men who are 
the best qualified for office, and many 
whom everyone would recognize as 
being eminently qualified to serve, are 
passed over because at the caucus they 
have had no ballots printed, and before 
the caucus there has been no way of 
uniting, or arousing public interest in 
their behalf. At the caucus, as a rule, 
the suggested candidates are either 
those who suggest themselves, or are 
proposed by their personal or political 
friends, and while this is not conclusive 
as to their unfitness, modesty in the esti- 
mation of one's own worthiness is not a 
universal defect in aspirants for office. 



244 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



The question then seems to be, how 
'may a wider range of possible candi- 
dates be presented to the voter at the 
caucus ? Or to state it from another 
point of view, in the case of those 
citizens incapacitated by inclination or 
skill from pushing their own political 
fortunes, but possessing especial fitness 
for city business, how may their fellow 
citizens have the chance of calling on 
them to give the benefit of their talent 
and experience for the common good ? 

A committee of citizens have in some 
cases attempted, when the usual party 
nominees were hopelessly incompetent, 
to nominate suitable men for city offices. 

This method has, however, the radi- 
cal defect of the appearance of dicta- 
tion. If the citizens' committee are 
not "kid-glove reformers," who con- 
sider themselves on a higher plane than 
the great majority, the regular parties 
accuse them of being such, and the 
accusation is nearly as fatal as the fact 
would be. 

Some such flavor of aristocracy will 
cling around a committee self nomi- 
nated to suggest candidates for a cau- 
cus. Even if they picked out men of 
superior qualifications, there would be 
a patronizing air about it, at least to 
the mind of the average voter, and if 
he had any excuse at all, he would de- 
light to defeat the " citizens' nominee." 
The whole weight of the party machine 
would also be against him, which, in a 
party caucus, would be impossible to 
overcome. 

Two points are then clear: some way 
must be found of selecting before the 
caucus a certain number of candidates 
to be considered at the caucus, and this 
must not be done by a self-appointed 
committee, however able or honest; the 
plan should make use of the existing 
party machinery; )iot the party ma- 
chine, but the methods and committees 
already devised to carry on the party 



campaign. The isolation of the city 
voter and his lack of intimate knowl- 
edge of his neighbor which the voters 
in small communities possess, would be 
a decisive objection in large cities to 
a return to the early town-meeting 
methods of oral nominations at the 
caucus. The method of suggesting 
names for the caucus to consider, then, 
must be representative. 

By the present methods a voter at 
the caucus has no way whatever of 
suggesting the men he desires, and 
even if a large number are united on 
the same man, unless the machine 
takes him up, or unless he or someone 
is strenuous in his behalf, he will not 
only not be chosen at the caucus, but 
there will be no opportunity even to 
express the single voter's desire of his 
selection. The voter is usually re- 
stricted in his choice to those who have 
been busy printing ballots, interviewing 
voters, and hiring ward-heelers to work 
in their interest. 

As an expression of the informal 
opinion of a community, the postal- 
ballot system seems fairly successful, 
but it is not sufficiently safeguarded 
against fraud and repeating; it is not 
sufficiently trustworthy or exhaustive 
to be made the basis of an actual deter- 
mination of candidates to be presented 
at a caucus. Its principal use would seem 
to be an encouragement to the friends 
of some of the leading men in the con- 
test to present such men to the caucus. 

Of course to hold an informal caucus 
before the regular caucus would be 
simply removing the difficulty one step 
farther back, and would be no improve- 
ment. 

The problem, then, is to select jiicii 
from wliovt t lie ccxucns may choose. It 
seems this cannot be done to the best 
advantage by a self-constituted com- 
mittee or by a postal ballot. To orally 
nominate in the caucus is impracticable, 



THE w ()Rcesti-:r magazine. 



245 



and to nominate in a previous caucus, 
out of the question. While the diffi- 
culty with the last three ways is intrin- 
sic, the difficulty with the first way, 
that is, of a self-constituted committee, 
is that it xsself-constitutcd. Is there then 
no other way of choosing this nominat- 
ing" committee who shall select men 
to be voted on at the caucus ? They 
might be chosen by some branch of 
the city government, such as the Board 
of Aldermen or the Common Council, 
Init as some party must predominate in 
tlie city government, by this method 
all nominations would be in control of 
that party. 

If a committee to select candidates 
were chosen by a full vote of all mem- 
bers of the party, it would simply be a 
previous caucus, which has been shown 
to be of no benefit. The committee, 
tlicn, must be chosen by some small 
body of men who represent the party, 
such, for example, as the City Commit- 
tee. This is the only body which is 
chosen directly by the party to repre- 
sent it, to manage its affairs at the 
caucus, and to look after its interests 
during the election. 

The City Committee, then, seems a 
suitable body to name the committee 
who are to select the candidates, but 
unfortunately the City Committee is 
too often in the control of the machine, 
or too easily influenced by the self- 
seeking politician. The committee 
which the City Committee would select 
might offer candidates to the caucus 
after a deliberate weighing of their 
(pialifications, which would be one step 
in advance of the present method, hut 

I in many cases the qualifications might 
be other than those of fitness for the 
city business. Some method must be 
devised to combine with the deliberat- 
ive character of this committee, free- 

, dom from bias and undue influence in 
its make-up. 



An analogy presents itself in the 
selection of jurors. It is absolutely 
essential that an unprejudiced and un- 
influenced jury should be selected, yet 
if their appointment were entrusted to 
one man, or to a body of men, the im- 
putation of bribery would often slander, 
if the proof of corruption did not con- 
vict. The assistance of chance is in- 
voked to give the necessary element of 
fairness to the selection of jurors, and 
does it so well that the imputati(jn of 
fraud in that selection is impossi- 
ble. 

This principle of the lot may perhaps 
be introduced into the selection of the 
nominating committee. The persons 
from whom the committee is to be 
chosen may be named by the City 
Committee, and by lot a certain num- 
ber may be drawn from this larger 
number. 

As the utmost publicity would be 
given to the selection, it would be im- 
possible that any city committee, how- 
ever depraved, would dare to name as 
the persons to be drawn from all ward- 
heelers or professional politicians, but, 
in case they did, the public sentiment 
of any American city would probably 
make it impossible for it to be repeated. 
If it did not, the persons named by the 
committee, however vicious, would 
probably represent the voters of that 
city. It certainly would not in the 
worst estate be any more uncertain 
than the present method of auto-nomi- 
nation. Even if a majority of this 
committee, after the lots were drawn, 
were of uncertain ability, yet a little 
leaven of ability would leaven the 
whole lump, and one upright and 
talented member would count for far 
more in influence than merely his single 
vote. This committee would also nom- 
inate a more or less extended list of 
men to be voted on, and one resolute 
man on the nominating committee 



246 THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 

could see to it that at least one able for B for the Common Council, would 

man would be among that number be removed. 

In the city of Worcester, for instance. The ballots for each office might be 

there are eight wards containing thirty- arranged in piles on tables, and each 

two precincts. Suppose the City Com- voter would take the one necessary to 

mittees of each party should select 640 express his choice. The necessity and 

names from which, by lot, 64 should opportunity for personal solicitation 

be drawn — 32 equally from each pre- would be removed. This would greatly 

cinct and 32 at large, to constitute a enhance the dignity of the occasion, 

nominating committee to suggest 8 As the committee would select candi- 

names to be voted on for mayor, for dates for all city offices, the City Com- 

exam.ple, at the caucuses. There could mittee would come within its refining 

be, as now, delegates chosen from each influence, and it, like all the rest, would 

ward to attend a nominating conven- get the benefit of whatever improve- 

tion, and each ward could pledge its del- ment there was. This improvement, 

egates to any one of these eight names, once started, would tend to perpetuate 

This would necessitate only one set of itself, each new City Committee be- 

delegates to be voted for at each cau- coming better than the last. A trifling 

cus. In the nominating convention, if change, at first, in time would efiiect a 

all the delegates were pledged for the revolution. The plan then proposed is 

same man, it would be simple; if differ- briefly this: Assuming that national 

ent candidates were supported, a third parties in cities are a necessity, and 

opportunity for revision and considera- that the caucus system cannot be erad- 

tion of their fitness would be afforded, icated, starting with the present City 

The committee of sixty-four having Committee, let them choose out of the 

passed upon the qualifications of the party they represent a certain number 

candidates in choosing them, the voters of members of that party. Public 

would express their preference at the opinion must necessarily exert some 

caucus, and finally in the convention influence on their choice to compel 

the matter might .be discussed again, selection of fit persons. From this 

Of course if the caucuses expressed an number a selection by lot is made, and 

opinion by a majority vote, the con- these persons constitute a committee to 

vention would have no option. present candidates for the caucuses to 

The present disadvantages in the vote upon. The rest of the nominating- 
manner of conducting a caucus would machinery would be carried on as it is 
be in a large degree obviated by this now, save for the incidental improve- 
plan. The long line of gesticulating ment already noted, 
hawkers of ballots for A for mayor, or 



How to Get a Re\enue from Franchises.'' 



Kv Pkoi'. Chas. W. Tookk 




1-^ franchise ((ucstiini is the 
J^ strateg'io i)oiiil around whicli 

tlic hattlc for i^'ood and cf- 
icifnl nuniifi])al ^owrnnK'nl 
is hcini;- wa^'cd. In its nUi- 
inatc issue it inchtdcs the de- 
termination of tlie contest 
now beiui;' carried on l)e- 
iween tlie advocates of pri- 
vate and of municipal owner- 
slii]). Its solution involves, also, that 
other very jiractical problem of an ad- 
justment of the methods of state taxa- 
tion so that the ])ro\-isions in our consti- 
tutions and statutes relative to the finan- 
cial powers of numicii)al corporations 
may he rendered fairly operative. TUit 
nnderlyin;:;^ the various issues that may 
he involvetl is the one essential i)urpose 
to which the people of our cities are now 
awake: namely, that of securing" to our 
nnmicipalities a proper and just compen- 
sation, either in ])uhlic service or in 
rt'duced taxation, for the xaluahle ])ri\i- 
leges of suppKing tlieir inhabitants with 
the great necessities of modern url)an 
life. " 

The methods of compensation that are 
advanced by authorities upon this sub- 
ject ma\ be grouped under two main 
heads, based u])on the distinction whether 
the compensation be in the form of 
money paid into the city treasury l:)y the 
corpor;iiion, or in the form <)f cheaper 
service to tlu' public. I'hese two meth- 
ods are not necessarily inconsistent, al- 
though each has its adherents. who advo- 
cate the exclusion of the other method. 



•Abridged from a paper by Prof. Tooke, 
Anieriean Municipalities. 



I'or the sake of ccjuvenience. however, I 
shall consider them separatelv, and first 
direct attention to the method of coni- 
])ensation by securing to the public 
cheai)er and better service. 

On the theoretical side the burden of 
argument seems to favor this method. 
Xot only is the public entitled to the best 
and cheapest service possible, but the 
economic advantage of extending the 
service, and the i)olitical advantage of 
arousing an active ])ublic interest which 
shall hel]) to liold our ])ublic service cor- 
])orations under a ])ro])er control, both 
lend their weight in its favor. As the 
argumiiit was recenth stated in refer- 
ence to street railwa\ s bv one of our 
great amhorities on municipal govern- 
ment — "High charges and large coni- 
l^ensation to the city assist the tax- 
])ayer at the cxjiense of the traveling 
public. 1j\ so doing the city not only 
indirectly taxes those least able to bear 
the burden, but it stinudates overcrowd- 
ing, and ])re\ents workmen from remov- 
ing to the suburbs where they can be 
better housed and secure more light and 
l)ure air. ( )n the other hand, the tax- 
])aver is entitleil to no decrease in taxes 
because a street car line is built. Instead 
of imi)osing a burden u|)on him it makes 
his property more valuable. As a tax- 
paver he has not contributed one iota to 
making street railways either possible or 
desirable, whereas the laboring men. 
who use the street railways constantly, 
have created a demand for street rail- 
read at the annual meeting of the League of 



248 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



ways, and have made their maintenance 
possible." 

On the practical side, however, we can 
readily see the difficulty of applying this 
method under a system of private owner- 
ship. The day may come when, through 
the oversight of an efficient state board 
of control, such a result may be obtained 
by the mere reservation in the grant of 
the franchise of a power of control as to 
rates and service. But, unhappily, the 
power to regulate, even when reserved in 
the contract with a private company, can 
be exercised under our present law only 
with difficulty and very seldom with 
marked success. So that the only alter- 
native that is left is a determination in 
detail in the franchise itself of the rates 
to be charged, a method which one can 
readily see may be quite as difficult of 
ajjplication, because of the impossibilitv 
of foreseeing the changes in local condi- 
tions which the future may bring forth. 

The force of this argument can he 
more readily appreciated when we con- 
sider the legal difficulties that surround 
any attempt to regulate the rates of such 
public service corporations. 1 do not 
wish to be understood as in any sense 
opposing such regulation, for I believe 
that every corporation which receives 
special powers should be made subject 
to an oversight and regulation in this re- 
spect, but I desire to show that such 
rights of oversight and regulation should 
be specifically reserved in the grant, and 
that some proper method must be de- 
vised to render the exercise of these 
rights at once just and efficient. 

It is sometimes said that this right to 
regulate the rates of public service cor- 
porations is impliedly reserved in every 
grant by the state, and that, independ- 
ently of a specific reservation in the con- 
stitution or in the statute, the state may 
through itself or through its agencies 
under its police power exercise a control 
in this respect. Thus in the celebrated 



case of Munn vs. Illinois (94, \'. S., 124), 
the Supreme Court of the United States 
laid down the general principle that 
"when an employment or business be- 
comes a matter of such public interest 
and importance as to create a common 
charge or burden upon the citizen ; in 
other words, when it becomes a practical 
monopoly, to which the citizen is com- 
pelled to resort and by means of which a 
tribute can be exacted from the commu- 
nit\-, it is subject to regulation by the 
executive power." But the court ha- 
since held that this right can not be ar- 
bitrarily exercised by the Legislature, 
but that it is a subject for judicial inves- 
tigation as to the reasonableness of the 
regulation, requiring due process of law 
for its determination. 

So also it may well be doubted if the 
court would to-day hold that under the 
police power the state has an implied 
right to regulate the rates to be charged 
Ijy a compan}' operating under a fran- 
chise that fixes the charges to be im- 
posed for public service. As late as in 
.August of last year the United States 
Circuit Court of the southern district of 
California held that under the franchise 
of the Los Angeles Water Company, 
granted in 1868, for valuable considera- 
tion, the state had no right to reduce the 
rates of charge fixed by that franchise, 
on the ground that it impaired the obli- 
gation of a contract. We shall not enter 
upon the question whether it is not pos- 
sible to evade the limitations imposed by 
the federal constitution, but upon the 
principle that it is always best to frame 
our laws within a safe margin of consti- 
tutionality. The reservation of this right 
should be made definitely in every fran- 
chise, to include regulation, not only by 
the methods already in operation, but 
also by an)- other method that the state 
Legislature may subsequently provide. 

Further, it may be observed that the 
present method of regulation which ob- 



J 1 E W O K C E S T E R M A ( i A Z I X E . 



249 



tains in some of our states, under wliicli 
in tlie first instance rates may be fixed 
by the action of the municipal council, 
has i)r()ven most unsatisfactory in o])era- 
tion. In the state of Illinois, for ex- 
ample, where a reservation of the ri_o;ht 
to reg'ulate rates is incorporated in the 
general corporation act and the validit\- 
of a statute dele.^atini,^ the power to fix 
rates for a sup])ly of water has been sus- 
tained, every company which accepts a 
franchise finds itself subject to this in- 
definite control. I'or w'hile in the last 
instance the reasonal)leness of tlie rates 
im])osed is a (juestion for judicial deter- 
mination, the arbitrary action of a city 
council ma\ at any time subject the cor- 
poration to a long^ and expensive litiga- 
tion with all the evils attendant u])on a 
temporary cloud on its contract rates. 
Conse(|uently. the company has before it 
the necessity of submitting to this litiga- 
tion, or the alternative of entering city 
politics for the purpose of self-protec- 
tion. To the city also, which calls for 
bids for a franchise, the method works 
the evil of ])ractically compelling the 
numicipality to pay higher rates because 
of the insecurity of the prices agreed 
upon. 

It is because of these practical difficul- 
ties under our j^resent laws in control- 
ling the rates for service so that they 
may be adjusted to ])rogressive condi- 
tions that some of us, who believe in the 
theory of compensation by more efificient 
and cheaper service, have l)een led to ad- 
vocate also as a ])ractical measure com- 
l^ensation bv the ])avment of money into 
the city treasury, to be determined ac- 
cording to the terms of the franchise. 

Our position is further reinforced by 
the fact that many of our cities, because 
of the defective o])eration of ccjustitu- 
tional limitations upon their ])owers of 
taxation and indebtedness, can neither 
build nor purchase plants of their own. 
nor raise sufficient nionev 1)\- taxation to 



reduce their indebtedness behnv the 
limit so as to make i)ublic ownership 
feasible. ( )idy by exacting a money 
comjKMisation for franchises can they 
build up a fund for ultimate ownership 
and thus su])])ly to their citizens the ser- 
\ice re(|uired in every modern munici- 
])ality. 

'1 he methods of money compensation 
which are usually applied are either In- 
specific charges, such as a tax of a cer- 
tain amount upon street railroads for 
each car oi)erated, or by exacting a per- 
centage of the receipts of the companv. 
Thus th'- city of Minneapolis secures $25 
each per annum on the average number 
of cars operated; a tax which brought 
into the treasury $4,250 fcjr the fiscal 
year of 1899. The city of St. I'aul 
secured for the same year bv a 
similar tax of $10 per car. Si. 8 10. 
i)esides wliich some $3,063.48 was re- 
ceived from the company by a gross- 
receipts tax. This method of taxation 
of street railroads is followed in several 
other cities, and no objection can be 
made to it, provided it be not substituted 
for other and better means of compensa- 
tion which we shall nieiui.)n later. In 
the cit\- of ( )niaha the gas com])anv pavs 
into the city treasury- 3 cents for everv 
1,000 cubic feet of gas sold to private 
consumers each year. This franchise 
has been in operation some six vears, 
and the premiums turned into the city 
treasury have aggregated from .$6,000 to 
$1 1,000 a \ear. 

I>ut of far greater imjjortance is the 
method of re(|uiring a ]KTcentage of the 
gross recei])ts of the compain in return 
for franchise ])rivileges. 'i"he objection 
to re(|uiring a i)ercentage of the net re- 
ceipts is obvious and is illustrated in the 
case of the relations of the street rail- 
road com])any of Des Moines to the mu- 
nicipality. The street railroad franchise 
provides that the city siiall receive 5 per 
cent, of the net receipts of the company. 



250 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



"We have never," writes ex-Mayor Mc- 
Vicar, "profited by this provision, for the 
reason that an excessive bonded debt, 
which has been systematicaUy increased 
from year to year, absorbs all the profits 
of the company. The value of the plant 
at a fair estimate is $700,000, while the 
bonded debt is $1,200,000, placed at 6 
per cent." 

A percentage of the gross receipts of 
public service companies, however, has 
been found to be a practical method of 
compensation. An examination of the 
various cities which have this method in 
successful operation would take consid- 
erable time, but I may say that the uni- 
form testimony of the officials of the 
various cities who have been kind 
enough to report on this question is in 
favor of this method. I may be per- 
mitted to state in brief the experience of 
the city of Providence, which is given 
the right by the Legislature to grant 
franchises in its streets at a minimum 
and maximum rate, the former being 3 
per cent, and the latter 5 per cent, of the 
gross earnings of the corporation. For 
the year ending Sej^tember 30, lyoo, the 
gas company paid into the treasury $55.- 
254.57, the electric lighting company 
$27,548.78, the street railroad company 
$51,523.08, and the telephone company 
$8,625.60; a grand total of $112,992.03. 

Of other cities where this method is in 
successful operation, I mav mention that 
the city of Newark, independently of 
state legislation, has in two instances 
secured compensation from such fran- 
chises, from the trolley compan\- 5 per 
cent, of the gross receipts, and from a 
telephone company 2 per cent. One 
street railroad company of Toledo has 
contracted to pay into the treasury i per 
cent, of its gross receipts in addition to 
valuable concessions as to charges for 
service. The White charter of the city 
of Syracuse recjuires that every franchise 
shall be sold at public auction at a mini- 



mum remvuieration of 2 per cent, of the 
gross receipts of the company accepting 
the same. The charter of the city of 
Seattle contains a similar provision. The 
new charter of the city of St. Paul, which 
went into effect June i, 1900, prohibits 
the city from granting any franchise for 
a longer period than twenty-five years, 
and calls for a 3 per cent, gross-earnings 
tax in every case. The city of Buffalo, 
under an agreement made with the street 
railroad companies of that city January 
I, 1892, exacts a gross-earnings tax of 
2 ])er 'cent, when the receipts are less 
than $1,500,000; of 2 1-2 per cent, wdien 
the receipts are over that amount and 
less than $2,000,000, and of 3 per cent. 
when the earnings are above $2,000,000. 
The various companies have recently 
l^een consolidated, and it is estimated 
that hereafter they will pay into the 
treasury, on the 3 per cent, basis, some- 
thing over $60,000 per annum. 

Of mandatory statutes of a general 
nature on this subject 1 may refer to the 
New York street railroad law of 1890 
(Ch. 565, of Laws of 1890, sections 93- 
95), by which it was provided that al! 
franchises for the operation of street 
railroads in cities of more than 90,000 
inhabitants should be sold at ]nil)lic 
auction. 

By an amendment of 1892 (Ch. 676, 
Laws of 1892) the application of this law 
was limited to cities of 1,250,000 inhabi- 
tants, but it was provided that in any 
other incorporated city or village the 
local authorities might require the pay- 
ment annually of not exceeding 3 per 
cent, surface gross receipts of any street 
surface railroad as a consideration of 
granting consent to the construction, 
operation or extension of such railroad. 

The General Assembly of the state of 
Missouri passed an act in 1895 (Session 
Laws, 1895, page 53) providing for the 
sale, at public auction, of all grants or 
franchises by any county, city, village or 



!•: woi^c i: ST i-:r m acazix j-:. 



251 



iitluT munici])al c< »ri)( n'atn ni lur ijitiius- 
sinii to ()ccu])\- space in tlu- ])ul)lir streets 
or ])ul)lic places b}' anv electric or ^■a> 
H.^luinj;- plant, street railway, telephone 
or teles^raph plant, or plant lor sui)plyinL;' 
water. The act recpiired as a condition 
])rece(lent to the i^rantini;' of consent 1)\' 
an\ of the ])olitical snl)(li\i^ions above 
named, of the occu]jancy of the streets, 
allevs, roads, s(|uares, or other ptiblic 
places, that the franchi-e or ])ri\-ile^'e be 
sold at snch auction to the resj^onsible 
l)erson who would .^'ive yearly the lars^'est 
])ercentai;e of the i^ross recei])ts derived 
from such occupancy and use, with ade- 
ipiate security for the iiayment therefor. 
I'nfortunateK', the compensation meas- 
ure was declared unconstitutional 1)\" the 
Supreme Court of the >tate because the 
l)rovisions of the act were too intlefinite 
to enal)le the courts to carry out their 
directions. 

If this method of com])ensation is to 
be applied in the g'rautiuL;- of a franchise, 
the municipalitv should call for bids 
upon this basis, a fair mininunn ])er- 
centaj^e being established. The time 
of the franchise should be limited to a 
definite term, as twenty-one years, and, 
further, a provision should be incorpor- 
ated .^'ixinj:;" the city the oi)tion of ])ur- 
chasinj.^ the plant at stated intervals at 
an appraised valuation, which shall not 
take into consideration the value of the 
franchise itself. If thought desirable, the 
income from this source could be applied 
to a sinking fund, to be held inviolable 
for the hnal purchase of the plant. Fur- 
ther, I believe that it is better to refrain 
from imposing other rec|uirements, as to 
paving or street cleaning, upon cor])ora- 
lions using the streets in lieu of 
cash com]iensation, because the ])rac- 
tice makes it impossible to (Kiermine 
the actual compensation, and be- 
cause the municipality should have 
a free hand in such work. The 
method of compensation by a per- 



centage of the gross receipts, there- 
fore, under the limitations stated, seems 
to me to be highly practicable. No 
other method of compensation seems to 
have so great an advantage of sim])licity 
and, in case of its application, it gives us 
a \ali(l basis for purposes of comparison 
between different cities; one that is 
easil\ comprehended by the citizens of 
ordinary iiUt'lligence. 

The application of this or any other 
method of comj^ensation must, of course, 
depend largel\- on li ical conditions. 
Moreover, while it is a practical, it can 
not be regarded as a j^ermanent, solu- 
tion of the ([uestion. L'ltimately either 
numici])al ownershi]) may be preferable, 
or if i)rivate ownershi]) is to obtain, a 
method of coni])ensation similar to that 
proposed by t!u' r)hio State Board of 
Conmierce may be accepted. This prop- 
osition, prepared by Mr. Allen Ri])ley 
Foote of Chicago, provides that all sur- 
plus earnings of private companies over 
and al)ove the true cost are to be re- 
garded as ])rofits. Of these profits a 
private company is to be allowed to pay 
ui)on its true investment a rate per cent. 
double that i)aid 1)\- the nnmicipality on 
its bond>,all surplus profits to be divided 
equally between the municipality and the 
com])any. If the local conditions de- 
mand compensation in reduced rates the 
reconunendation of the municipal com- 
mission of Baltimore may meet with a])- 
proval. This reconunendation, in addi- 
tion to a reservation to the city of a per- 
centage of the gross profits, calls for a 
limitation of the maximum profits to be 
earned bv the private company, and a re- 
duction of charges for services when the 
jirofits exceed the maximum fixed. 

While the method of compensation 
above advocated may be a temporary 
expedient, and while it may l)e applied 
bv the officials of a given city who unite 
intelligence, hone-'ty and force, it is my 
opinion that in the interval which must 



^►2 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE 



Tre ideal 



rr. 



in 5>' - _ --- ^ jj^- jj^^ ^_- ^„ _. 



largely b^' - referred 

*rii aKriv*'. ijtJt in certair! states these con- 

- force to an the 
citie- nereiore s a qtaestion 

c^ g- -y and is a St stib- 

ject lor siaic . 
ir ' ' cii:t- 

th^, .,.., r-r-- .,^-: t ,^-.: .- ' ' 

eii- : : : . . 



of energr of their oiBdals. to make sat- 
isfactory' arrangements in this matter. 
In fact. ent and energetic officials 

are often unable to ace this •: 

when pitted against the exptrt talent 
2' - ' ' ' :he 



nicipal progress one can scarcely spea'-: 

X) strongly at the presemt time. I refer 

to the ' ' ' : crt state boards <^ 

^ Xo other naeastire 

' ' ' '":«€ of more tirrr"; 
...,.' -to the sub c.: 



■CT!' 



1^ 



.er ftat^ laws re- 
for IT r.l fran- 

chises or not, the i: - 1 of 

experts w .o tiie of- 

ficers of any ciiy, iarge - ' -X wh 

have ir ' ' tiic duty ca 

- ' , .= of the peo- 

-' - -"'^ use c' 
: - ^ : .: :_-: :j regu- 

late the rates for ser-.-:-^ := to be re- 
served. «t i« dear t: ty can b- 
eftectu^ -ried rr by the 
state Legislatnre nor by the City Conn- 
tL If the profits of pnbHc >er%-ice ir 
dustries are to be adequate!}- detemsine 
so t ' form a basis for Vc' 

T . :.„- de'-'- ' -'--It caij .,-: 

- -"• ,_ c _ ..:-rm syster: 
.: L .....^ r ^tate =-'JX>erri=ion. 



of which as a 



isure ot mu- 



Municipal Art. 



Bt EUCA GxATES is AME3UCAS TOCKX Al. Of SfXXfUiGr. 



T as a factor ir 
be specific : citizer- 

j, is surely a matt^- 

c«;riic<i. » • i^at mai 
-nect of a great public v.\.r^ 
- '— is suggested !: * '* 
ef erred to, of 2 
's David- its 
;verA- citizen ar^d ev^ry 
citizen-to-be of Florence, rep 
as it did, the release of die cit^- from the 
n-ranny of Cesare Borgia, a grandly im- 
pressive s\ ' f the love of, and the 




,T^-ii<rO'1^ Trf-w -tf-^il^^^^-g^l TT'^^f 



Here i 



y needed because i 
- vast foreign population, how grea: 
may be the effect of this s^-mbolic, im- 
pressive way of teaching some of tt 
great facts of - ' its institution^ 

- ■ - ~ n! 
. . .:.. ^.. of this truth before us. of the 
;4Teat value of art as a factor in educa*: : r. 
of young and old. and of the pleastire c: 
iving. still the question forces itself intc 
our minds how it may. or by any possi- 
bility can, as a de^'el<^)me^t from exist- 
ing conditions, be made to take any real 



riib: w ()Rci-:si"KR M.VdAzixi-:. 



253 



Ik lid n])(in the life of llie ])C()])k' in ,u;cn- 
c-ral. With Dur present S(|nal()r and 
viilL;arit\' in the snrrt mndini^s of tlie 
l)(i(ir. and luxnr\ and — shall we say with 
others ? — vulgarity in those of many of 
the rich, any vital c^rowth^ would seem 
well-ni^h hopeless. Who can conceive 
of art taking root in the pain and ugli- 
ness of the lives of many people in our 
great cities? They scarcel\- have a glim- 
mering of what real beaut \ and hannon\- 
are. Then we meet the disC'UU'aging 
fact that, owing to one cause or another, 
the rampant sway of the so-called practi- 
cal, of so-called utility, of machine meth- 
ods of production, man-machine and 
others, so large a number of the better- 
educated, better-cultured, "lack ])art of 
the human senses," and are '"anti- 
artistic." 

Vet. let us consider, what if some of 
the lost beauty, or even decency, of the 
earth l)e found again? What if we 
should have a city free from smoke and 
filth: with well-made streets: with 
houses at least not uglx and dilapidateil ; 
with no hideous posters, and with trees 
abountling on every hand ? Surely these 
conditions would at least prepare a soil 
in which conceptions of beauty could 
grow. Then if. further, public buildings. 
S(|uare-. river-banks, bridges, be made 
genuinely l)eautiful : and if the W(^rks of 
art be so widelv distributed that every 
inhabitant of a city shall find at least one 
within his daily range, can anyone doubt 
that all nuist be educated to son^.e de- 
gree : that higher standards of beauty — 
in man'sproductions, and conductas well 
— will become general ; that the etTect 
will be seen in the improvement of pri- 
vate dwellings, and their >nrri umdings, 
and all they contain: and — what i> far 
more ini])ortant. that of which the first 
is a means to an end — that with the ugli- 
ness will dei)art much of the pain and the 
gloom in the lives of the one class, and 
the selfishness and insi])idity in the lives 
of the others? 



There is another argimient for ci\ic 
art — its ])ecuniary value; and, doubtless, 
this will i)rove a stronger one with many 
than it> lofty mission as a source of high 
ideals and enjoyment and of general bet- 
terment of humanity. At least most 
writers ujkju the subject seem to deem it 
necessary to set forth its advantages in 
terms of commercialism. It surely is 
not hard to see that beautiful and pic- 
turi'S(|uc features of a cit}- will raise the 
value of real estate, make higher rents, 
and increase business prosperity in gen- 
eral ; attracting desirable visitors, and 
drawing to it and keeping residents who 
have the means to go wdiere they will. It 
is said that even such radical changes as 
the cutting ofT of corners of houses to 
make them face upon a circular or 
octagonal beautified street corner pay 
well. It >h(inld also be easilv seen that 
enduring public works will far outrank 
in the linancial returns thev bring any 
Hash}', temporary displav in the way of 
festival c^r other i)ublic entertainment. 

Certainl}- something should arouse 
American cities to their need in this liu'.-. 
They are, even in their best portions, 
far too often monotonous stretches of 
s(|uare-cornered, almost treeless streets, 
with houses crowded together and 
pushed against the sidewalk: while in 
their worst portions they are indescriba- 
bly ugl\- and miserable — the latter con- 
ditit)n pronounced very emi)hatically. by 
the National Sculpture Society, as 
"neither good business nor good poli- 
tics." making the lives of these people so 
wretched, "since." it argues, "unrest and 
revolution are born of their unendurable 
miseries and neglect." These considera- 
tions. howe\cr. are not widely taken into 
accoimt bv our ])oliticians and business- 
men, ^'et, as familiarity with the beauty 
of foreign cities increases with travel, 
dissatisfaction with the state of things 
here gmws. even among our so-called 
practical citizens. \ ery little has yet 



25i 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



been done, but there certainly is a great 
awakening interest. Municipal action 
has as yet done nothing, aside from the 
making of parks and boulevards whose 
primary purpose is not that of beauty, of 
art. Private enterprise, largely that of 
organizations, has been back of almost 
all that has been accomplished. And 
these organizations have had to contend 
against great dif^cullies — opposition of 
many kinds and legislation in the inter- 
est of corporations. Someone thinks it 
"a most stinging criticism of free insti- 
tutions that civic action should have 
failed, and individual action perforce be 
appealed to." The cause is surely not 
hard to find ; political bossism and the 
greed of corporations are the dominant 
powers in our large cities, and the politi- 
cal machinery is so constructed as to 
leave without representation, almost 
without influence, what might otherwise 
be a "saving remnant" of American 
society, and, indeed — such is the power 
of good leadership — might soon become 
the ruling majority. If these best citi- 
zens would study the municipal problem, 
instead of in the main giving up hope- 
lessly to the present condition of things, 
or occasionally making an excited dash 
at some reform legislation in a blind sort 
of way, and feeling that it is all so bad it 
can not be made much worse anyway ; 
if they would work out the municipal 
problem in the light of the experience 
and the evolved wisdom of countries 
older in large municipalities than our 
own — the countries of Europe, particu- 
larlv Great Britain, which has institu- 
tions much like ours, and which was a 
little time back where we are now, but in 
which the problem is now "practically 
solved" — and then would join forces un- 
derstandingly, might we not presently 
have a civic beauty in our public works, 
and, as well, in far more than our public 
works ? 

That we are almost at the beginning 
here has the compensating feature of 
great possibilities ahead ! If we will 



take hold in time to prevent great expen- 
ditures in undoing mistakes, alreadv too 
late in some instances, that will be an ad- 
vantage. Almost all of our cities have 
some preliminary steps to take before 
they can come, or should come, to art 
])roper : clearing away the iilth and 
smoke, making good streets, disposing 
of the bill-board nuisance or securing ar- 
tistic posters, providing playgrounds 
and small parks, and improving tene- 
ment-houses and small lodging-houses 
in congested districts. This work is fun- 
damentally important. Beyond this there 
are many inviting possibilities : trees 
everywhere, streets free from railroads 
and telegraph and telephone, all finely 
disposed of under ground in a tunnel in 
such a wav as to be easily inspected and 
repaired : lamp-posts and electric light- 
ing poles, signs and all announcements 
made so artistic as to add to, instead of 
detract from, the harmony and beauty of 
the streets : boulevards extended, or at 
least good, pleasant routes to the coun- 
try ; beautified river-banks and lake- 
front, squares, and enlarged street cor- 
ners ; statuary, artistic seats, flowers, 
fountains, electric or other ; faqades in 
apjiropriate and telling places, orna- 
mented with historic and other represen- 
tations ; arcades, giving light, air. and 
moving s])ace, through large buildings 
and blocks ; fine school buildings with 
playgrounds, plats for landscape garden- 
ing, reading-rooms, lecture-halls, art- 
galleries, and mural decoration, the peo- 
ple's house indeed ; other public build- 
ings, great architecturally, and decorated 
with mural i^ainting and statuary : and 
neither last nor least, for it contains won- 
derful suggestions, the reaching out be- 
vond the cities' present boundaries, as 
the courts have decided may be done, 
and while not yet too late enriching 
themselves and posterity ever afterward 
with coiuitry parks and estheticallv 
planned residence districts. Most of 
these thiupfs have been actualized in 
some instance or instances, but as yet in 
far too limited a wav. 



Til 1-: \\"()Rri-:s' 



•:\< M ACAZIXl-. 



256 




BANK i;r!Ll)l.\(., II FOSTER STREET. 

OFFICERS. 

Pkesii.ent, Rlias B. FOWLER. Vice-President, ROGER F. UPHAM. 

Tkeasirer, gilbert K. RAND. Secretary, CHARLES E. SQUIER. 



Henkv F. Hakkis, 
Francis H. Dewey, 
Hon. E. B. Crane. 
Harlan P. Duncan, 
I.yman a. Ely, 



Directors. 

William Haki, Milton P. Higgins, W. M. Si'ArLDiN(;, 

Irving E. Comins, John C. MacInnes, Ed\v. M. Woodward, 

Edwin P. Curtis, John R. Back, William H. Blodgkt, 

Roger F. Ui'ham, Hon. C. G. Washburn, James H. Whittle, 

Geo. W. Mackintire, Rukus B. Fowler, William H. Inman. 

Auditor. Charles A. Chase. 



Cleric of t/ic Corporation, II. Ward Bates. 



Chairmen of Committees. 



Mcinbers/iip, William W. Johnson. 
Ways and Meaiis, Milton P. Higgins. 
.'\fanufa(ti/ri's, Hon. Chas. G. Wasiiiiurn. 
.Iftiti/ii^s and Receptions .^ Henry F. Harris. 
Mercantiie Affairs^ John C. MacInnes. 
Transportation and Railroads^ E. P. Curtis. 



Statistics and Information, G. W. Mackintire. 
Arbitration, Lyman A. Ely. 
Legislation, Hon. FDllery B. Crane. 
New Enterprises, Harlan P. Duncan. 
Municipal Affairs, ED^VARD M. Woodward. 
Taxation and Insurance, Roger F. Upham. 



Board of I'rade Notes. 



.Vpril is ilic l)us} month for the Board 
of Trade, liesides the usual conunitlcc 
work, tlic rei^ular meeting of the direct- 
ors occurs on the iith; the annual 
meeting of the C(ir])orati()n on the i6th, 
and tile aiunial l)an(|uet on the i<;lh. 

At the animal meeting of the corpor- 
ation a treasurer, clerk and auchtor are 
elected, and live new directors are 
chosen to till the \acancies of the hve 
retiring each year. 

The Committee on 1 rans])ortation and 
Railroads have secured a more prompt 
freight ser\ice l)etween Worcester and 
the northern towns of the connt\. 

Tresident .Vdains of the State Hoard of 
Irade commends the Worcester T.oarU 
for taking the initiatixn' in matters con- 
cerning national ami state legislation. 

The Si)ringheld lujard. through its sec- 
retary, introduced a resolution in the 
F.xecuii\e C ouncil of the State Board at 



its last meeting for the appoiiUinent of a 
representative to advise it of pending or 
])roposed legislation affecting the husi- 
ness interests of the state. 

Several presidents of the boards of 
trade forming the State Board were 
guests of the Executive Council at its 
last meeting and luncheon at the Parker 
llouse, Boston. President I'owler of 
ilie Worcester lioard of Trade spoke of 
holding the work of the local board upon 
a high plane of ])ul)lic spirit, and advo- 
cated greater concert of action and unity 
of interests between the different boards 
in the state. 

The April meeting of the lUiard of 
Directors was the last before the annual 
meeting, which marks a change in the 
])ersonnel of the board, a-- the terms of 
five directors ex])ire by limitation, and 
their places will be taken at the May 
meeting bv five new members chosen by 
the corporation at its annual meeting. 



256 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



The Committee on Meetings and Re- 
ceptions have charge of the annual ban- 
quet and, as a special committee, of the 
dinner and reception to the ])resident in 
June. 

Applications are l)eing received for 
tickets to the dinner to President Mc- 
Kinley. The number of tickets which 
will be at the disposal of the public after 
the members of the Roard of Trade have 
been supplied is uncertain, but cannot be 
very large, as the capacity of Mechanics 
Hall is c^nly six hundred. Thcjse pur- 
chasing tickets to the dinner will also be 
entitled to one additional seat in the 
gallery. 

The committee on the Devens statue 
have divided the members of the Board 
into twenty-five groups, each in charge 
of one of the Soliciting Connnittee. The 
assignment of members to the several 
groups was made by lot : each group is 
designated by a letter of the alphabet, 
and is asked to raise either by subscrip- 
tion or solicitation at least six hundred 
dollars. 

^^'hen the erection of the Devens 
statue has been accomplished the citizens 
of Worcester will have occasion to take 
pride in the adornment of the city. A 
s])irited equestrian statue in bronze in 
the center of the broad stairway leading 
to the County Court House will be a 
conspicuous landmark, and a commem- 
orative tribute, honorable alike to the 
subject and to the donors. 

French and Potter, who have been 
chosen as the artists of the Devens 
statue, are recognized throughout the 
world as sculptors of the highest rank. 
and the equestrian statue of Washington 
erected in Paris last year is a fine ex- 
ample of their ability. 

By the plan adopted by the Board (if 
Trade, each member is appointed an 
active solicitcir, and each group of nine- 



teen members is asked to raise six hun- 
dred dollars. Worcester has done little 
in the past in the way of adornment of 
her streets and public places, and she has 
many sons who, like Devens, are worthy 
an endtiring memorial which shall teach 
future generations the lessons of patriot- 
ism and civic virtue. 

The March smoke-talk was by Street 
Connnissioner Prior on street paving. 
The talk proved the wisdom of the Board- 
in affording an opportunity lo listen to 
a lucid and cogent statement for better 
])aved streets in the business sections of 
the city from one who speaks from the 
standpoint of an expert, and has made 
an intelligent sttidy of the conditions 
and needs of Worcester streets. 

It is hoped that the Worcester M.\r,- 
.\ziNE w'ill afford Mr. Prior a larger hear- 
ing than a single smoke-talk. He not 
only has something to sav about our 
streets which should be known by every 
citizen, but he has the faculty of saying 
it in a clear and convincmg manner, 
which will aid in creating a demand for 
better streets. 

There are many rumors of hotel pro- 
jects, and abundant evidence of a revival 
of interest in securing a good hotel. 
Citizens who think \\'orcester needs a 
hotel in keeping with her size and im- 
])ortance should take such concerted 
action as will make sure that a hotel, 
when built, shall Ije such as Worcester 
ought to have ; anything less will stand 
in the way of future im])rovement. 

Newport, R. I., has lately organized a 
board of trade which has already shown 
its efficiency by an effort to improve the 
railroad and steamboat facilities of the 
city. At its meeting, April 9th, Presi- 
dent Adams of the Massachusetts State 
Board of Trade, and President Fowler of 
the Worcester Board, made addresses, 
by invitation, on the benefits, objects and 
management of boards of trade. 



TITK WOKCKSTKR M.\(.AZ1.\R. 257 



Banking Facilities of Worcester. 

NATIONAL BANKS. 

HITIZENS' NATIONAL BANK, 342 Main Street. Incorporated as a -State Bank in 1S36: asa 
National Rank in 1S64. Capital $150,000; surj^lus $82,000. Dividends April i and October i ; 
rate past year, 6 per cent. President, Henry S. Pratt; Cashier, George A. .Smith; I)irect(jrs, 
Henry S. Pratt, (xeors^e B. Huckingharn, Samuel E. Win.slow, John C. Maclnnes, William H. 
Crawford, Burton H. Wright, Herbert Parker. 



[rajIRST NATIONAL BANK, 474 Main Street. Incorporated in 1S63. Capital $300,000; sur- 
lUII i)lus anil undivided proHts $240,889. Dividends May i and November i ; rate past year, 10 
percent. President, Albert H. Waite; Cashier, Gilbert K. Rand; Directors, Arthur P. Rugg, 
Ransom C. Taylor. William H. Sawyer, Albert H. Waite, Orlando W. Norcross, William H. In- 
man, J- Russel Marble, Frederick E. Reed. 



fplECHANICS' NATIONAL BANK. 311 Main Street. Incorporated in 1S65. Capital $200,000; 
Itiul surplus and undivided profits ^57, 327. Dividends April i and October i ; rate past year, 
4 per cent. President, Francis H. Dewey; Cashier, Albert H. Stone; Assistant Cashier, M. H. 
Lowe; Directors, Francis H. Dewev, Stephen Sawver, Charles A. Hill, Thomas B. Eaton, Stephen 
Holman, G. M. Ba.ssett, W. M. Spaulding, B. W. Childs. 



pwlORCESTER NATIONAL BANK, 9 Foster Street. Incorporated as a State Bank in 1S04; as 
Itlil a National Bank in 1S64. Capital $250,000; surplus and undivided profits $225,000. Dividends 
.April and October; rate past year, 8 per cent. President, Stephen Salisbury ; Cashier, James P. 
Hamilton; Directors. Stephen Salisbury, A. George Bullock, Charles A. Chase, Lincoln X. Kin- 
nicutt, Josiah H. Clarke, James P. Hamilton, Edward L. Davis. 



SAFE DEPOSIT AND TRUST COMPANY. 

pnlORCESTER SAFE DEPOSIT AND TRUST COMPANY, 448 Main Street. Incorporated 

ILlII in iS63. Capital $200,000; surplus $100,000. Dividends January, April, July and October; 
rate past year, 6 per cent. President, Edward F. Bisco; Secretary and Treasurer, .Samuel H. 
Clary; Directors, John H. Coes, Edwin T. Marble, Edward F. Bisco, Henry F. Harris, Charles 
S. Barton, Charles A. Williams. 



SAVINGS BANKS. 

[mlEOPLE'S SAVINGS BANK, 452 Main Street. Incorporated in 1S64. Deposits $8,719,373; 
lliil guaranty fund $348,000; surplus $91,473. Interest payable February and August 15. De- 
posits go on interest February, May, August and November i ; rate past year, 4 jier cent. Presi- 
dent, Samuel R. Heywood; Treasurer. Charles M. Bent; Investment Committee, Samuel R. 
Heywood, Thomas M. Rogers, Edwin T. Marble, Albert W. (iifford, William W. Johnson. 

pnlORCESTER COUNTY INSTITUTION FOR SAVINGS, 13 F"oster Street. Incorporated 
llill in 1S2S. Deposits $15,732,136; guaranty fund $778,000; surplus $250,730. Interest payable 
January and July 15. Deposits go on interest January, April, July and October i ; rate past year, 
4 per cent. President, Stephen Salisbury ; Treasurer. Charles 'A. Chase; Investment Committee, 
Stei>hen Salisbury. A. George Bullock, Edward D. Thayer, Jr., Lyman A. Ely, Samuel B. Wood- 
ward. 



258 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



pfilORCESTER FIVE CENTS SAVINGS BANK. 314 Main Street. Incorporated in 1554. 
llAij Deposits $7,356,811; guarantv fund 62So,ooo: surplus 8104,573. Interest payable Januar>- 
and Tulv i. Deposits ^o on interest January-, April, July and October i; rate past year. 4 per 
cent.' President. Eliiah B. Stoddard:" Treasurer. J. Stewart Bro\\-n: Investment Committee. 
Elijah B. Stoddard, S'tephen Sawyer, Gilbert J. Rugg. Henn,- M. Witter. 

pSjORCESTER MECHANICS' SAVINGS BANK. 311 Main Street. Incorporated in 1551. 
%AM Deposits §7,293,151 : guaranty fund 8215,100. Deposits go on interest Januan,-, April. July 
and October 15. President. Augustus B. R. Sprague: Treasurer, Henry Woodward; Investment 
Committee, John H. Coes, Thomas B. Eaton. A. "B. R. Sprague, Eli J. Whittemore, Francis H. 
Dewev. 




PAN = = RAM 
KODAKS 



FOR THE 




I^^A>r .A^ IER IC\A:sr E XPOSITIOX 

The No. I Pan-o-ram Kodak costs but $S.oo, takes a picture 2J x 7 in., and includes an 
angle of about 140 degrees. Just the thing for a trip to BuflFalo. 

Langdon B. Wheaton, iZ/ 366 Main Street. 



'4 



Manv little used. Good as New 



r^ A \ I ^~^ C C2 Manv little used. Good as 

STOV ES, l< /A \ V J r ; ^^^^^ waterfront or tank 



All Kiuds for Heatins or Cookins. 



I 

I- 



PRINTING PRESSES. USED. AMATEUR TYPE OUTFITS. | 

Wholesale TlT/'^^^/^^T XP ^^ New or used. All fully guaranteed. 9, 

or Retail X3A^^ X V^1.^£^^0« All kinds of Repairing done right. ^ 

C. E. Sebbens, ^'Wf.r 11=13 VINE ST. I 



s 



NEW HOWE, DROP-HEAD, BALL-BEARING. Ten-year guarantee, 825: 
others §20. Many tirst-class; used, but all right. : : ; : 



9 



SPECIALTIES— Shirts. Collars. Cuffs. Fine 
Linens of all kinds. 

This season we shall make a specialty of GENTLEMEN'S SHIKT WAISTS. 




5 » SBS- » 



HEVRY A. HOTEY. 
H. PKEStOTT HOVET. 
G. BlSSELL HOVEY. 

ProprietOTN. 



Worcester, Mass. 

Telephone ;;i-;. 



Ik 




'Si 



Established 1S71. Incorporated iSSS. 

HARRINGTONS, RICHARDSON ARMS CO., 

.Manufacturers of 

FIRHAP^MS. 

Descriptive Cataloarue on request. WORCESTER. MASS . U, S A 



THE WORCl'.STI'.R .MA(;AZIXE. 



259 



1. W. r.i-~ii()i', I'lis. W. r. r.i--iicir. \'ire-Frt;s. II X I.kacii, Treas. (Iko. E. IIcsskv, Scc'y. 



J. W. Bishop Co. 



General ^ 

Contractors 



Bank, Store 
and Office 

Fittings. 

Cabinet Work 
and 

Architectural 

lron=Work. 




Hesiilence of H. H. Cook, Esq , I.enox, Mass. 
Pealiodv \' Stc:irns, Arrbilects. 



,;yv v<vi— J 



Ami Maiiufaclurers 
of All Kinds of 

First= 
Class 
Interior 
Finish. 






Qfficce an^ jfactor\>, 107 jfoc>tcu Street, JilHorcec^ter, nDae^c>. 

Providence, R. ]., Xo. 417 Butler Exclumtje. Roslon, Mass., Xo. 40S E.xcliange Building. 

Montreal, f*. (i_, Xo. ^4 Canada Life Ruildina:. 

0. H. Cutting & Company, ^S'stkSction. 



WORCESTER, MASS. J* Boston Office, 64 Federal Street. 




'^i^^'^\ 
i*^ ^\',*> •^^*. 



,^ 




as^-'^r*' . r* " jAiT* *^.v "^c- —-^ 
KarnuiiLrtoii Avcniit- Cfti-rc^iitioiial Church, Marllorti, Cnmi. Krncst KliiLii^. Archilt-ct, N't-w N'ork. 



260 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZIXE. 



Collins $( Soutbwortb, 


M 


The Preble Improved 


kin. 


Cushioned Boot 


m 


Is just wli:it LikUl'S nf to-ilay 
should wear, that is, if the ladies 
wish to keej) their feet nat- 
ural shape, as our boots are 
made on lasts that allow the 
foot to have its natural shape, 
and therefore ijivini^ all comfort 
that can possibly be had in a 
hoot. They tit most feet and fit 
them perfectly. 


wSmf 


Price $3.50. 


mt^M 


Also Oxfords, $2.00, 


^ISb^Pm 


(^S^((?* 


<|nm«|^ 


1 11 Mean's we li ive the 


■Bh 


Forbush Cushion Shoe 


wK^m 


Price, $5.00, 


IQf 


And tlie same can be said for 
Men's that has been said of 
Ladies'. 


r/sHoe^r:: 533 Main St. 



D 



«^ 



O'NT Forget to come and see 
us when in need of a pair of 

^ SHOES. 

Full Line of Ladies', Men's 
Misses' and Children's. . . . 



FELIX ST. AMOUR & CO., 

128 Front Street, 0pp. Trumbull, Worcester. 
Tull line of Packard's Shoes for men Only. 

Hotel du Nord, 

MARTIN TRULSON, Prop. 

^?* v^ ^^ V^* V?* 

American and European Plans. 

^?* {(?• 5(^* t^^ t^^ 

39, 41, 43 Summer Street, 

WORCESTER, MASS. 



HEBBERT HALL 

A Home for the Care and Treatment of 
Persons Afflicted with Mental Diseases. 



For Tertvis, Etc., Address 

MERRICK BEMIS, M. D., HERBERT HALL, 
Assistant Physician, John M. Bemis. 

Salisbury Street, ^ Worcester. 

"dnion Xaunbc^ 

and Clean Towel Supply. 

7-15 Prescott St. 

We are prejiared, after vears of experience and experi- 
menting, to do laundry work as it ougiit to be done, and if 
vou want vour work done in a superior manner by practical 
and experienced hands, send it to us, as our work is second 
to none in the country. You will find less wear and tear, 
and we think better work, than you have ever had done 
before. 

Our Clean Towel Supply is by far the best in the city. 
We were the first to introduce it and have never allowed 
anyone to surpass us in qualitv or service. 

D. A. Scott, J. H. Dawson, 
Telephone 934-3. Proprietors. 

J. S. Wesby & Sons 
good Bookbinding 

At Reasonable Prices. 

(^* ^^^ ((?• v^ ^* 

3$7 main Street, « so f o$ter Street, 

Worcester, Mass. 



Choice .... 
Building Lots 

Stephen Salisbury, 



In the vicinity of Insti- 
tute Park, Wor. Art 
Museum, Polytechnic 
Institute, also Massa- 
chusetts Avenue, Rut- 
land Terrace, etc. . . . 



9 Main Street, 



Worcester. 



Established iSri. 



C. REBBOLI & SON, 

Confectioners and Caterers, 

444 Main Street, Worcester. 

I,onij Distance Telephone Connection. 



1 1 [•: w o R c i<: ST i-: r m a ( ; a z i x k . 



261 



Blank Books and Office Supplies. 

Patent Klat-openiiifj Itlaiik liookH. 
l.ooHe I^eaf l,e<)ger ami FiliiiK I'evu-es. 

:J?>*5> :Vls^ii-» St., Wovoosfiilror. 

The place to hire or buy 

your Boats and 

Canoes is at 

A. A. COBIRNS 

BOATHOUSE, 

LINCOLN PARK. 




3AY STATE HOUSE, 

. , . tlflorcester, ^nee. . . . 

Ladies' and Gentlemen s Cafe. 

KKANIv 1^. nOUtiLASS, I»kopkii;tor. 

Graduated Prices. First-Class in every respect. 
Ekvatiir. Stiani I K ati d Throuulinut. 



Graton O Knight Mfg. Co. 

TANNERS AND MAKERS OF 

OAK LEATHEK. 'BELTING 

WORCESTER. MASS. 

Seiiil for IlfNi ri|ilht' Cirtiilars. < :i|)it:il. .SI. (1(1(1.0(1(1 
Kstaltlislu'il is.'il. 



^be Bancroft School 

93 Elm Street. 

ADVISORY COMMITTEE. 

Mk. Philip W. .Moen. Mks. J. Klssel Makble. 

Mk. Cii'.oKGE F. Blake, Jr. Mk.s. John R. Thavek. 
I)k. David Harkower. Mr.s. "Frank B. Smith. 

A complete English and Classical School for girls and 
lioys of all ages. 

Modern Languages in elementary grades. 

Kindergarten, primary, intermediate, college prepara- 
tory departments. 

School hours, '^..)5 to i o'clock. 

THE INDIVIDUAL IS THE UNIT. 

For catalogue or information, adilress the head-master, 

Frank H. Robson, 78 Elm St. 




^he JSfeWest of 

the Nets) 

and tlie best of the best. Now, you jiarticular, exacting men 
who want the best and know it when you see it, come in and 
see how far in advance we are of the custom tailor. 



SPRING TOP=COAT, 

in all lengths, styles and 
colors. Prices 



$5.00 to $25.00 



z). Jr. uames Co, 



262 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 





THE IX-ilKAN'eK OKFIfK OF . 




WWSIIBUli?^, WIT^LIS, GREB?iB c^ BATHS 




WAS ESTABLISHED !>.- 1W43. 


\v 


e make the Insurance of Manufacturing Plants a specialty. Sprinkler mtes furnished. Employers' 




Liability Insurance. Steam Boiler and Use and Occupancy Insurance Only the oldest and most 




re~p'^ns!h!e crtiiipan!V< ripre^entiil. +o.t main* r^T.. ^^-ORCESTER. 



w 



ORCESTER MUTUAL 
^IrE INSURANCE CO. 



377 MAIN STREET 

WORCESTER. 

Hisrhest sjrade of Mulual Fire In- 
surance. Established 75 years, with a 
steady, handsome dividend record for 
policy holders. 



Tatman & 
1 afic^ ♦ ♦ * 



r. j.\.mes t.\tman 
Geo. a. Park. 



le 



THo +10 riDain Street, IR.VMn HAo. 2. 
■Cclcpbonc. 320=5. . . . 



We give prompt personal attention to everv detail. 
Your patronage is respectfullv solicited. 



(/HAS. K. OR ANT 



FIRE I^^"^-^L^RA>CE, 



SxAXE MvTV.\t. lSL-ii.niN<;. \VORCESTEK. 



N. A. Harrington, 

fliisurance. 

4.92 MAIN ST., WORCESTER, MASS. 



c 


Room 

LARKS 


15. 

Block. 




T 

Co 


elephone 
nneclion. 




;& 


Estublis 


hed 


'S55- 








Incorpo 


rated 


1S94. 


■«■- 



L. HARDY COMPANY, 

Machine Knives 

OF ALL KINDS. DIE and 
. . . PLATED STOCK. 

9 Mill Street, Worcester, Mass. 



flDawbinne^! Xast Co. 



Manufacturers of 



Boot and Shoe 

M Lasts, 

jFactorvi, JGrccl^tcn. /Il^a£ir. JBo^ton Otfice, 
56 Xincoln St.. TRoom 5). 

S. PORTER & CO., 
Last Manufacturers, 

No. 25 Union St., Worcester. 

Boston Office. i>; Essex St., Room Tf ;. 



H. G. BARR & CO., 



Sensitive .^ .^ 
Drilling Machines, 

51 Union Street, "Worcester, Mass. 



Special /ro.icbmcrv 
an^ jFinc Ccolf 
CO Offer. , . . 

Long Dist. Tel. 



R. L GOLBERT, ..^ 



Manufacturer ot 



LASTS. 

Factory, 19 Church Street, Worcester, Mass. 



Boston Office, 59 Lincoln Street, cor. Essex. 



THE WURC ESTER .M \<lAZiXE. 



263 



Business and Professional Cards. 



DENTISTS. 



Frank P. Barnard. D. M. D. 

DE-NTIST. 

The Treatment of Children's Teeth a Specialty. 
Room lo^, 405 Main St . Worcester, Mass. 

Dr. E. C. Gilman, 

DENTIST. 

Best Gold Crown Made, $5. Bridgework, Per Tooth. $5. 
405 Main Street, 



Kooin 115, \V;ilker Build ini^, 



Worcester. Ma 



ELECTRICITY AND BATHS. 



DR. COLE'S 

Private Electro-Vapor Bathrooms. 

.Many years of constant nsc of Ekclritily 
and Electro- Vajior Baths have demonstrated 
the value of these agents in the treatment of 
many diseases, both acute and chronic. . . . 

\Vc cure Dyspepsia, Sick Headache, Liver and Kidney 
Complaints, ^lalaria, Kheuniatism, Lumbago, Insomnia, 
Paralysis and Nervous Prostration. 

Just the thing for that bad cold or the " Grippe." 

No danger of taking cold after the baths. 

W. E. COLE, M. D., 

Telephone 1037 5. <^ 554 IVlain ot. 



PAINTERS. 



JOSEPH L. PAINE, 

Sign Painter, 

39d> Main Street, .•* Worcester. 

I I. l\, I I I I.I., 

House Painting and Interior Decorating. 
Shop, bt) Chomas St., Ulorccstcr. 

Having enlarged my business I am now prepared to give 
my customers prompt attention and first-class work in all 
branches of flousr Painting and Decoratintr. 

PATENT SOLICITOR. 

RuFus Bennett Fowler, 

Expert in Patent Causes. 



.3 Tuckerman St., Worcester. 



UNDERTAKERS. 



-4 



l^ 



Ben. J. Bernstrom, 

Undertaker and 
... Embalmer. 

Telephone. Justice of the Peace. 
Office, lUarcrooms and Residence, 
113 Thomas St. 



Callah an S/^ros. ^ 

un ciertake rs, 

7 Tjcmpic St., 7/ ear Sreen St 

woKi r.sri:i; 

F. A. CASWELL & CO., 

UNDERTAKE,RS, 

21 Pearl Street, Worcester, Mass. 

Tclt phone Connections. Besidencc. 3 Harvard St. 

Geo. Sessions & Sons, 

Turnishing Tuncral Directors. 
7 & 9 Trumbull Street, Worcester. 

Telephone 4(i.(. Nighl Bell. 

W. E. Sessions, Residence, 62 West St., Tel. 740. 

F. E. Sessions. Residence, 1- Germain .^t . Tel Sin 

PICTURE FRAMER. 

L A. DWINELL, 

Gilder and Picture-Framer. 

Dealer in all kinds of Oak and Git 
Moulding. Special Designs made 
to order in Gold, Silver or Orna- 
mented Oak. Stained Engravings 
Bleached and Restored 



89 Exchang:c Street, Worcester, Mass. 

STENOGRAPHER AND TYPEWRITER. 

EDNA I. TYLER, 
Stenographer and Typewriter, 

33,5 and 7J4 S\■^\p Mufn^I Biiildinc. 
340 Mairk Street, 



TELEPHONE 987-4. 



WORCESTER. MASS. 



L>tU 



THE WORCESTER MAi^.AZlXE. 










WHOLESALE AND RETAfL DEALERS IN 



GRASS 

SEEDS 

Fertilizers 



\V 



\A /'^t jfe J F'* --' ; 



iKijnim^u ^lAteMi^ r^^ 



MAHUFAaURERsAGENia 

FOR 



ALLTtlEUmTlMPRa 

FarmMac«i ^ 



JJjjjX 



\ 



SPECIALT/ *^- I * — PuMP^ Etc. 

90692 Front St. "'"•>?o\TM?!;i'"f«*' 
Worcester-Mass. 









ARE VOL 

UP TO VOUR 

ANKLES 

IN MUD? 


CONCRETE CONTRACTOP.. 


GRANOLITHIC 

WALKS 

WILL KEEP YOU 

OUT OF IT. 


GEORGE W. CARR, 

518 Main Street, £> Worcester, Mass. 


£} a ROOFING. 



metropolitan Stables. ^'^^^^ "a"^*^ Boarding 

Harrington & Bro., D. A. Harrington, Prop. 

nos. 31, 53 and 35 Central St., Ulorccstcr. 

Hacks for Parties and Funerals. Telephone. 

"°B^^fS'C^,d^Sfng. metropolitan Shops. 



I. H. W'ashhikn. Pres. C S. Chatin, Sec. A: Trt-as. 

Washburn & Garfield Manufacturing Co.. 

WROUaHT IRON and BRASS PIPE. 

Steam, Gas ami Water Supplies. Mechanical 
and Heatiiii; Entrineers. Steam Constriicliou. 



Fosfor Street. 



Al'oroester, .^fn<iss. 



""^ 



-*^ 




Interior ,. 



Phone 
7.S4-1 



BlacKstone and Charles Sts., Worcester, Mass 



State Mutual Life 
Assurance 
Company, 



Worcester^ Mass. 



Incorporated 1844. 





Assets, . . J 1 7,777,848.4 1 
Liabilities, . 15,924,344.76 

Surplus, . . $1,853,503.65 





A. G. Bullock, President. H. M. Witter, Secretary. 



Joseph % TIfui'n ^^- "' ^'"' ""' 



274 T^a/n 6t., Tl^orcesier. 



7/fedi'um''Srade Shirts, 

^Business Shiris, 6 for S7» SO, 



LADIES' SHIRT WAIST PATTERNS. 



New Acme 

i-NI A • •'^ Electi 

Plating Co. t 

3J HERMON STREET, 



GOLD, SILVER, NICKEL, ALUMINUM AND ZINC 

PLATING. 

Electro-Plating in all its Branches. Table-ware, Jewelry, Bird Cages, Fire- 
Arms, Machinery Models, Bicycles Polished and Plated. Polishing, 
Bronzing, Lacquering of all kinds. Particular attention given to Jewelers* 
Work and Band Instruments. All Work Hand Finished. 

WORCESTER, MASS. 




Cash Buyers 



are satisfied that we save them money, as we give a discount to equalize. The 
addition to our second floors of the large hall recently occupied by the U. V. L., 
makes us the 

^he Largest House Furnishers 

in Central Mos^ochusetts. 



Three Entire Blocks. 



517 to 527 Main Street. 



i 



Parker's Restaurants. 



384 Main Street. 
Telephone 472°5. 



LIVE LOBSTER. 
STEAMED OLAMS. 

OPEN DAY AND NIGHT. 



29 Wasbiagton Square* 
Telephone 431-6. 



MIMfl* A. HO^r*. 




1 UHIM* 0# ALL MIMM* fMeUbr* 



SPECIALTIES— Shirts, Collars, Cuffs, Fine 
Linens of all kinds. 



This season we shall make a specialty of LiADIES' AND OENTLEM£N'S 

SHIRT WAISTS. 

HBNBT k. HOYET, 

H. PBESCOTT HOVET, 

G. BUSSELL HOYET, Worcester, Mass. 

Proprietori. Telephone 351-3. 



^ JB^t^xjLlt ®tir©ot. 



THE WORCESTER xMAGAZINE. 



2(55 



iMi)iM){4iuiiiiiWii4J)miM\i^^iiui^^^ 




WORKS OF 



F- E. REED COMPANY, Worcester, Mass. 

m. 

MANUFACTURERS OF MACHINE TOOLS. | 



John C. MacInnes Company, 

454, 456, 458, 460, 462, 464, 466 Main Street 

Opposite City Hall \ Worcester. 3 Buildings. 




Importers and Retailers of 

IWillinery Goods. 

The Largest Custom Order Work- 
room and Most Skillful Artists. . . 



2nd Floors of 3 Buildings. 

Ladies' Suits and Outer Garments. 

Children's Garments, Infants' Wear, Muslin 
Underwear and Skirts. 



Street Floor. 

Silks, Dress Goods, Laces, Ribbons, Gloves, 

Dressmakers' Supplies, Hosiery and Underwear. 

Basement. 
Linens, Cottons, Blankets, Towels. 



266 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



Crompton <SKnowles 
Loom Works 

WOKCESTE,R. MASS. '^''""^Zl'^^kce. r. i. 




CROMPTON & KNOWLES LOOM WORKS. 

WORCESTER M4SS USA 




Knowles Fancy Worsted Loom. 



Looms 
Jacquards 
Dobbies 
Combs 



The Worcester Magazine 



CONTENTS FOR MAY, igoi. 

THINGS NOW IN THE PUBLIC M1N1>) Page 281 

VACATION SCHOOLS Helkn A. Bai.i 2S4 

THE CITY AND ITS SUBURBS . . . Dana J. Pratt .... 289 

THE AR(iUMENT A(tAINST .MUNICIPAL 

OWNERSHIP .... Gk(.r.;k FkKNCH 

THE LIBRARY HALL ASSOCIATION, 

CAMBRIDGE .... Sa.mik.i. Ushkk .... 

DISTRIBUTING TRADE OF WORCESTER Wii.iiam H. Pk.vit 

AR(tUMENT for LECJISLATIVE INITIATION 

PUBLIC OWNERSHIP FAILURE 

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT WORCESTER 

BOARD OF TRADE 

BOARD OF TRADE NOTES 



292 

295 
299 
302 
303 



305 
308 



Terms : $2.00 a year ; single copies, 20 cents. For sale by newsdealers. Published Monthly 
by the Board of Trade of Worcester, Mass., and printed by F. S. Blanchard & Co. Committee 
on Publication, Rufus B. Fowler, G. Stanley Hall, Irving E. Comins. Address all communications 
to II Foster street, Worcester. Board of Trade Rooms. Copyright 1901 by Worcester Board of 
Trade. Entered at the Post Ofticc, Worcester, Mass., as second-class matter, Mav ro, 1901. 











(71. 



268 THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



STANDARD FOUNDRY COMPANY 



Iron Founders. 

Special attention ^iveii to the 
Manufatture of High Grade 

Machinery Castings. 



TAINTER AND GARDNER STREETS, WORCESTER. 









JEROME f 








MJRRT.E & CO., 3 

JSoston anO "WHorccstcr. 








...Oils, Starches, DyestufFs, . . . 










PAINTS AND PAINTERS' SUPPLIES. 
xr-TTVTC. THE PROCTER & GAMBLE CO. 
AOii.Mb.-^j^j^ HARKXESS & CAWING CO. 










RED OILS. 







Norcross 6 Company, 

£ omractor$ a nd Buiidm. 



(Arthur W. Norcross.) 



* <D !f 



LARGE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE WORK A SPECIALTY. 



GENERAL OFFICES: 

183 Essex St., Boston. 1001 Main St., Worcester. 

LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE. 

A. S. MiLLEK, Jk., Treasurer. R. H. Brown, Chief Engineer. 

Eastern Bridge and Stroctural Co. . . . 

MatSiSror'r r' ^ steel and Iron frame iUork 

/Jlf ^^1 fP FOR BUILDINGS, ROOFS, RAILROAD 

riJlCCl \ AND HIGHWAY BRIDGES. 

y^B> J J Y M Plans ami estimates furnished. Write us. I 

^IVUCLUVHI m general Offices: 5$ Tfoitt $t., UloKcstcr, IHass, i 

VliilOtR Description. 



Works beside tracks of Fitchburg and B. A' M. Railroads, 
Worcester, Mass 



T 1 1 1-: w ( ) K (" 1-: s T !•: r m a < ; a z i x i-: . 



'269 



CF' 



When We Say that Our Clothing K, 
is as Good as can be Made 

We simply state an honest fact. 



m 



E SELL CLOTHING FOR .^L\X AND BOY, and guarantee it as the best 
values for the prices that can be bought. Our lines of Hats, Shoes, Shirts, 
Underwear, Hosiery, Neckwear, are each the best of their kind, and also 
bear our guarantee. EVERY GOLF REQULSITE. 



Ware, Pratt Co,, 



Complete Outfitters 

for Men and Boys, 



STATE MUTUAL BUILDING. 



C. W. CLAFLIN & CO. 



^ 



\\ lioles;iIe 
and Retail 
Dealers in 



Anthracite 

and 
Hituniinous 



Coal. 



^ 




^ 



Coal Pocket^, 
5 Grafton 
Street. 

Coal and 

Wood "^'ard, 

_:;oi 

Shrew shur\' 

Street. 



^ 



Gener.ai. Office, 

375 MAIN SrRl":Ei, WORCESTER, MASS. 









270 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



Royal Worcester 




/^cn<->o<:')Oo <^<->o^^ooo <'^o^ <^0<^ <XXD OC^ OCO OCOOOO<X >| 



Finest 

Wo I? LD. 

'^ fRQNT 







(cP (cr 

Sold By 
Leading 

_ Dealers 

Everywhere 

7^ Handsome 

Illustrated 
catalogue 

Oii/mg full 
pdrticulars 

sent to dny 
) address 
upon request. 

V 
THE BOSTON STORE, 

DEXHOLM & McKAY CO. Sole Agents for Worcester. 

Ed<^^c=(^ <^o^ oo<^ <^^ <^o^^ <r^c^ <V^'^ coo coo oc^ OCX ) OOP ooci oc^^T 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 271 



I i i OlffOl J 



j 



plung er Ele vator Co., 

Safe. Long-Lived. Economical, I ^^J HvdrQuUc VluUger 

High-Speed Passenger Eleva- I ^^Bh' ^^ ^^ 

tors a Specialty LHLEVATORS. ^ 



OFFICE AND FACTORY. 

BARBCR'S, ^ ^ WORCE.STE.R, MASS. 



William Ht;land & Son, M 



168 Main Street. 



\f nfffi^ C C ^^^ kinds of Bedding. Hair. Husk and 

1 lilllrf^^O Wool Mattresses. Springs. Comforters 

Manufacturers. ^^^^ Blankets iron and B 



rass Beds. 



Woven Wire and Spiral Springs Constantly on Hand. Hair Mattresses Made Over and 
Feather Beds Renovated and Petumed the Same Day. Called for and delivered 



272 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 




ItfA^JtJFACTUREKS OF 

^^^^ A^IRE. =^=-^ 

AViRE Cloth, 3r*OULTRY ^STetting, 

AViRE Lathing, Screws, 

Rivets, Staples, Riddles. 



W'ORfESTER, ^TaSS. 



Chicago, III. 



T'almek, ^Ias.s. 



GOES WRENCH COMPANY, 



MANUFACTURERS OF 




PATENT SCREW 



WRENCHES 



• • • 



W^ORCESTER, MASS. 






I WORCESTER 
I MACHINE 
^ SCREW CO., 



STANDARD 
SCREW CO. 
SUCCESSORS. 



Manufacturers of 



^ STUDS FOR STEAM ENGINES. 

I 

I Worcester, Mass. 



SET, CAP AND MACHINE 

SCREWS 



IN IRON, STEEL AND BRASS. 



PUMPS, ETC. 



B 



AY STATE .... 

Flag & Decorating Co. 



F. E. BUSS, Proprietor. 
274 Main Street, Worcester. 




Halls. floATsT 



Wepcii/ios. 
7*1 us. Balls. 



DESIGNS AND ESTIMATES 
FURNISHED AT SHORT NOTICE. 



High Class Sign and Picture Work. 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE, 



273 




arti£5tic 
Exclusive 

StV^lC5. 




Our 
IRctail Store: 

430 
fIDaiu Street. 



OUR TRADE-MARK IS A GUARANTEE OF HONEST GOODS. 

^eyufood'Booi kShoe Co. 

MANUFACTURERS OF FIXE SHOES. 

WORCE.STE.K, MASS. 

Samhi. R. IIivwduD, Pres. Ai.ukkt S. Hi.vwnoD. Viec-I'resident and Treasurer. 

Ber TRAM S. XiwKi.L, Assistant Treasurer. 



McGloud, Crane & Minter Go. 

MILLED MACHINE SCREWS. 




To unit the growini; reiiiiirciiienls, in Worcester and 
vicinity, for .... 

Smith Premier Typewriters, 

\\"c luivc opcniil ;in office at 

2$ Burnsidc BIdg., 



339 Main Street 



Finished Case-Hardened Nuts, v< 
Semi-Finished Hexagon Nuts, Etc. 

U. S. 5tan^ar^ jfinisb. 



WORCESTER. MASS. 



Duncan ^ Goodcll Co., 



WHOLESALERS 
AND RETAILERS IN 



Hardware and Cutlery. 

We have the finest line of Table and I'ockct Cutlery, 
also highest >jra<le of Scissors, includin^r all kinds froin 
Finest Alanicure Scissors to Tailors' Shears, to be seen in 
Worcester. 

We make a specialty of Builders' Hardware and Sup 
plies, and carry in stock a large line of best quality door 
and window trimmings. 

404 Main Street, Cor. Pearl. 



.Mr. .1. H. Wood head 
I."cal representative. He 
ill be pleased to supply 
lur every typewriter want. 
Ti'lephoni' ri!).">.ii. 

Che Smith Premier typewriter Co., 

is;! I».i()n>.hin' St.. lidslmi. Mass. 

H. M. WAITE, 



General ^ 
Hardware, 



No. 189 Front Street, Worcester. 



274 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



Matthews 

Manufacturing 

Company, 

M ANUFACTURERS OF . . . . 



<n 



<fs 



STOVE TRIMMINGS, 
BICYCLE FITTINGS, 



/|S 



Steam=Pipe Collars, 

Ferrules and 

Sheet Metal Specialties. 



104 GOLD STREET, 
ei Worcester, Mass. 

A. T. MATTHEWS, Manager. 



(( 



Queen of Sea 
Routes. 



To Old Point, Richmond, Washington, 
Norfolk and Baltimore 



Merchants & Miners 
Transportation Co. 

steamship Lines from 
Boston and Providence. 



Accommodations and Cuisine Unsurpassed. 
Steamers New, Fast and Elegant. 

Send for Illustrated Booklet and Particulars. 



W. P. TURNER, G. P. A. 

J. C. \^H1TNEY, T. M. 

A. D. STEBBINS, A. T. M. 

General Offices, Baltimore, llld. 



WM. H. EDDY CO. 





E. H. INGRAM. 

J. J. WEHINGER. 

SI Exchange St. 
Worcester, Mass, 



We make a specialty of 

Turret Ciiuci<ing Latlies. 

Sizes 22 in. to 60 in. Inclusive. Also 

^ Plain Gear Cutters. Shaft-Straightening 

Machines and Special Machinery, v** ^ 



new VorK: Cor. Spring and Ulooster Sts. 

Boston : 52 Ulasbington Street. 



Wm. H. Burns 
... Company. 



Chicago: }i4 medinah temple. 

Philadelphia : 424 thompson Street. 




f^ROYAd 

U^OERGHRMEiyTSk 



'|\/[ anufactufers of .... f ) 

RCbe 
oyal muslin 

Undergarments 

^^ FOR WOMEN AN D 
r^^f CHILDREN. ^ ^ 



THE WORCRSTRR MAGAZINE. 



275 



Boston $( Jllbany R. R. 

N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R., Lessee. 



With its Connections, the only First-class and Direct 
Line Reaching All Important Commercial Centers of 
the Middle West and Beyond. ..... 

The Latest and Most Improved Pullman Sei-vice, Com- 
bining Elegance and Comfort with Speed and Safety. 

FIVE EXPRESS TRyllJSfS DAILY. 
Worcester to Chicago in 25 Hours. 



SPRINGFIELD LINE. 



Parlor Cars on Day Train. . . 
Sleeping Cars on Night Train. 

Leaving Worcester for New Haven and New York 

at 10.12 A. M., I.02 p. M., 5.06 p. M., 12.28 NiGHT. 

For additional informatinn, address 

A. S. HANSON, General Passenger Agent. 




BICyCLES 

The 

Qendron 
Cushion 
Frame 



Represents all the cuiiitorl iinil liiMirv there is in bicycle riding It siives the ncrve-s and 
vitality of the rider. One can coast down a roiiiirli liill and sit comfoita lily and safely on 
the saddle, as there is uu throw or rrhoiiiid in a Cushion Frame Bicycle. There arc tliousniids 
of riders iio>v iisinir cusliioii frame Bicycles who had jfiveii up bicycling entirely. 

COMJi AX .\.V/> S/5/i IT. 



Lincoln Holland, ^ 



4 ALLEN COURT, 



Oir Kr.-iiiklin S.|. 



276 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 




OUR WAREROOM. 



EDWARD BATES, MANAGER. 

BATES PIANO 
COMPANY. 

2 WALNUT ST. 

WEBER PIANOS. 

WE HAVE NO OTHER STORE. PIANOS TUNED $2. 



Subscribe fo?- T Ji c \Vo7'cester Magazine 



J. A. RHODES, MANAGER. TELEPHONE 969-5. 

THE J. A. PHODES CARRIAGE CO. 

Special Facilities for Painting and Repairing in all their Branches. 

1090 MAIN STREET. 

All work called for and delivered free of charye. Estimates furnished on application. Special styles built to order. 



THOS. M. ROGERS, President. H. H. FAIRBANKS, Treasurer. 

W. H. COUGHLIN, Superintendent. 



DIRECTORS. Thomas M. Rogers, Stephen Salisbury, Theodore C. Bates, Loring Coes, 
A. B. R. Sprague, Josiah Pickett, George T. Dewey. 




ARC, INCANDESCENT LIGHTS 
:::::: AND POWER. 



Office and Station, 



56 to 66 Faraday Street 



THE WORCESTER MxVGAZIXE. 



277 



<-- <■ 




\\ i: DO Ai.r^ KiNj>s oi 



46 Exchange Street. ''"■■'"'''aVs'hoH xoti.... 

Family Washings a SpcciaM)-. Ti'lophone 1033-5. 

E. A. Uimme & Son, 

I-;-~t;il>li--lu(l IN;.). 

DIE SINKERS, ENGRAVERS 

Steel Stniiij) nnd Sleiicil Cutters. Manufacturers of 
Seal Presses, Checks and Badjjes. 

554 Main Street. TLiiphone 1037. 13. Worcester. 



Moving from 
House to House 

is \iiisatisfactory business unless 
line ilistiuctly betters himself. 
When v(iu have decided between 
the country and city, call in and 
see us. 

710 State Sliitual Ruililinff, 

Worcester. 

W. A. WARDEN. 




T^MXTI xc; 



AND WK MEAIf TO DO IT UBTTEK TlIAJf A.vyo.VE 
EI,SK. OUK PRll'KM AKB .Nil MOKE: THAN OTIIKK 
1IHST-C-I.ASS fONC-ERNS. IF Vol" WANT UP-TO- 
DATE WOKK, GtVE US A TRIAL. 



1'. S. BLANCHAHI) cV ( ( ).. 

3+ FRONT .S'l'KKKT. 



UNION WATER METER CO. 




J. I'. K. OTIS, 

Pres. an d Manager 
KDW. P. KING, 

Treas. and Supt. 

Water 
Meters. 



WORCESTER, 
MASS. 



The T. H. Baekley Luneh Wagon 



Established 1SS9. 

Incorporated 1S97. 

Telephone 6S0. 



N'isrlit Liincli Wairons of Every 
IK'Ncriptioii FOR SALE or 10 
LET 



IVIanufaeturing & Catering Co. 



Patentees, Designers and Sole IVlanufacturers of 

** White House Cafe'* iff Lunch wagons. The Best M.-ide. Also Bui 

(I raili M.irk.) ators of the "White House" (^tiick Lunch C 



Iders and Opcr- 
Cafes. . . . 



Office and Factory : Rear 281 Grafton Street, Worcester, Mass. 



TN buying TOOLS it pays to buy the BEST. Don't buy before seeing our UP- 
■ TO-DATE Catalogue, showing a large variety of •.**■ v< ..•* 




IT MAY BE HA D ON 
APPLICATION . . . 



Shapers, 

Drills. 

Forges, 



BOYNTON & PLUMMER b°'>C"— 

Bolt Headers 



MANUFACTURERS, 
WORCESTE-R. MASS.. U. S. A. 

SOLD BY FIRST-CLASS DEALERS ALL OVER THE WORLD. 



Tire Benders 

Tire 

Shrinkers. 



■ * 




278 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE 



Sar^^togd Star 



A Foe to Indigestion 
. . . and Dyspepsia. 



Unsurpassed as a 
Table Water. . . . 



Spring mater 



Read the following Toluiitarj tribute from the 
late Rev. Wiii. H. Brooks, D. D.. of the Diocesan 
House. Boston : 

Boston, Mass., Oct. i6, 1899. 
Saratoga Star Spring Co., 

Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

Gentlemen : Having made free use of the 
Star Water I feel constrained to express the great 
benefit I have experienced from it. It is especially 
helpful in promoting digestion and in imparting 
tone and vigor to the entire system. In addition to 
its great medicinal virtue it has the desirable quality 
of a very agreeable taste, and its bright, sparkling 
character adds very much to the pleasure of drink- 
ing it. 

Sincerely yours, 

\Vm. IIenkv Brooks. 



Palatka, Florida. 
Saratoga Star Spring Co., 

Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 
I have used the Star -Spring Water for a 
period of twenty years, and for Gastric troubles 
have proved its merits beyond dispute. A friend of 
mine given up to die, in Niantic, Conn., with 
Gastric fever, in a very short time after the Star 
Water reached her, fully recovered ; the Inirning 
sensation in the stomach ceased, and she could not 
hnd words to express her gratitude for the box for- 
warded to her. Mrs. C. F. Eaton of Hollis, N. H., 
suffered for years from mucous irritations, unable 
to use salts, says : " The Star Water has added 
years to my life." I could fill a volume of testi- 
monials were it necessary. Would that all sufferers 
could drink and be healed. 

Mrs. E. a. Parkhurst, 

Brooklyn Registry of Nurses. 



ARATOGA STAR WATER has won a very high place 
annong the leading table waters, because it is most 
agreeable to the palate and has great medicinal value. 

It mixes^perfectly with wines and liquors. Packed in quarts 

and pints 




ASK YOUR GROCER, DRUGGIST OR WINE MERCHANT 
FOR SARATOGA STAR WATER, AND IF HE CANNOT 
FURNISH IT WRITE DIRECT TO 

Saratoga Star Spring Company, 

Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 279 



O. W. NORCROSS. 



NORCROSS BROTHERS, * 

GENERAL 
I CONTRACTORS. 

^ ^ ^^'"^ NEW YORK, BOSTON, WORCESTER, 

^ r.* PROVIDENCE, CLEVELAND. 



IRew EuQlanb Structural Conipau^, 

DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS 

STEEL BUILDINGS AND BRIDGES. 

Architectural Ironwork. Ornamental Bronzework. 

Office and Works, Second Street, Everett, Mass, 
Boston Office, 18 Post Office Sq„ Boston. 



O. W. NORCROSS. PRES. ALBERT J. PARK, TBEAS. 

Bi^ownvtllc /nbainc Slate Co. 

IHanufacturm of Unfading Black Roofing Slate. 



Strongest, Toughest, Brightest, Most Durable Slate in the World. 

Worcester Slate Fasteners, for Iron Roofs. Snow-Guards. 

Office, WORCESTER, MASS. ,* J. Old Crocker Quarries, Brownville, Maine. 

TELEPHONE 541. 






^-. Al.HKUr .1. rVUh. Tr.iisurcr 

P 

D 



Blandford Brick 
& Tile Company. 



jyj ANUFACTURERS OF 

Plain and Ornamental Building 
and Fire-Place Brick, in White, ^ 
White - Mottled, Gray, Buff, c^ 
Buff-Mottled, Glazed, Etc., also § 

Ys WOIUKSTKK. MASS. Fire Brick, Fire Tilc, Cupola Blocks ^ ^ 

- „... .<■ .< and Fire-Clay Mortar. ^^^ ^ 

Karlory. Rl SSKI.L. MASS. ... ' M 

... On Hoslon \ All.Mn> K. I!. HORCKSTKK TELEPIIONK. >«.. .-.H. ^ 



Cl" 



280 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE, 



WE ONLY KNOW 

Uhat Good is Good, 
and 'Bad is Bad 

BY ACTUAL EXPERIE.NCI:. 

You perhaps know already how bad some readj'-to-wear clothes can be. You never 
will know now good they can be until you have tried those that 

bear this label: 




w^Mss^^tSm 



dS^Sm&J^^ 



WffSm THE BEST FABRICS, 

THE BEST TRIMMINGS, 

THE BEST TAILORING, 

THE BEST STYLES,- 
all these you will find in 



d» STEIN=BLOCH CLOTHE,S, * 

The prices? Just a trifle more than you'll pay for ordinary clothes, but 3'our 

satisfaction will be priceless. 

Suits and Top Coats from $12.50 to $20.50. 

^he J, L, Go ding Co,, 

408, 410, 412 MAIN ST. 



ZTbc XlXHorcceter (3a^cttc 




Believes in public spirit. It believes in 
Worcester, its manufactories and industries. 
It has, through its columns, advocated that 
which was best for Worcester, and it will 
continue to do so. 

Let every citizen shout for Worcester and 
work for Worcester and he will make the 
work of the Board of Trade more easy cf 
accomplishment. 




Hbe maovcestev (3a3ette '' '°\'^'^:^^ ;ZZ 



Vol.. I 



The Worcester Magazine. 



MAY, 1 90 1. 



No. 5 



Things Now in the Public Mind. 




EOPLK ill tlic Xurth (in 
Worcester and in every pro- 
i^ressive city) will do very ill 
if they do not note with care- 
ful attention the progress 
made in the South in the way 
(tf establishing manufactur- 
ing in that region. The re- 
cent nieeting of the National 
Cotton Manufacturers' Asso- 
ciation at Charlotte. N. C, brings it very 
poignantly to mind that the South is to 
be dealt with seriously in the matter of 
the control of this line of manufacturing. 
.\ glance at the facts of its history is 
startling. Twenty years ago, b}- the 
census of 1880. there were 180 small cot- 
ton mills south of the Potomac and ( )hio 
rivers with a total of 860 spindles. The 
census of 1900 will show nearly 800 mills 
with more than 4.000,000 spindles, and 
at least 500.000 spindles more to be add- 
ed within the next few nionllis in mills 
now under construction. In Georgia 
forty-eight new mills with 2()7^X^7(^> new 
spindles and 5,000 looms, representing 
an investment of $3.8^)0,000, were put in 
O])eration last year. They are all of the 
latest type in construction and e(|ui])- 
inent, and many are run by electricity. 
1 )uring the previous year Ceorgia built 
thirty-eight new mills with 278,000 spin- 
dles and 4.710 looms, which represented 
•m e(|ual amount of capital. More than 



7^ per cent, of the stock in the Georgia 
mills is owned by local capitalists. North 
Carolina stands next to (ieorgia in prog- 
ress, and on the line of the Southern 
Railway alone are to-day no less than 
123 cotton mills, re])resenting a capital 
of $14,227,950. and consuming 340.132 
bales of cotton every year. 

This condition means much to the 
South, and more to the North. To us 
it means that we must fight to hold our 
own, while to them it means nothing but 
great and ra])id progress. It is idle, and 
worse than idle, to indulge in talk, or 
thoughts, about manufacturing suprem- 
acy remaining with New England upon 
any other terms than that we must H'ork 
to keep it. The natural argument is all 
with the South, on the cotton (|uestion. 
as it is with the middle and southwest 
on the iron (piestion, the northwest on 
the furniture (|uestion, the whole west 
on tin leather and shoe cpiestion. etc. 
This year's cotton crop is worth $500.- 
000.000; made into plain sheeting and 
l)rint cloths it is worth $1,000,000,000; 
made into better grades of goods it is 
worth v$2,ooo,ooo.ooo. The SoutFi under- 
stands the significance of such reckoning 
as this as well as we do. .\nd it is not 
only cotton. Tt is all along the line of 
manufacturing of raw material near 
where it grows or is mineil. There is 
a strong hnancial move to retine sugar 



282 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE 



in Xew Orleans, and the big cane grow- 
ers are in it. On the Southern Railway, 
within four states, 1.062 manufacturing 
concerns have sprung up within the last 
ten years. Sixteen are woolen-mills. 
96 are saw-mills. 99 flour-mills. 52 grist- 
mills, 58 furniture factories. 49 tobacco 
factories. Thirty-nine new furniture fac- 
tories opened last year in what is called 
the Piedmoiit section, where there is an 
unlimited supply of hard wood. The 
railway mileage in the South has doul)led 
three times during the past twenty years. 
Within ten years the total product of pig- 
iron has increased almost tenfold. These 
are stern facts. \\'e are bound to admit 
them, and also admit their significant re- 
lation to our own industrial growth. 



THE interesting article ujion "A'aca- 
tion Schools." published in this 
number, should attract attention to this 
special work, on accoimt of its merits 
as well as because its author. Miss Ball, 
writes with full knowledge and extended 
experience. It is a most interesting 
cjuestion, antl the arguments that al- 
most spontaneously stiggest themselves 
against pushing educational plans to the 
verge of mania, as some good people 
think the American disposition is. fall to 
the ground when it is realized that it is 
not education per sc that Miss Hall 
pleads for. but some aid toward a decent 
inclination in life. She makes of vaca- 
tion schools a ([uestion much broader 
and deeper than the question of educa- 
tion. Her basic idea appears to be rather 
the rescue than the education of the chil- 
dren subjected to vacation-school influ- 
ences. We can only plead for attention 
to ]^Iiss Ball's plea. In her note to the 
editor ]\Iiss Ball says: "I have the mat- 
ter so much at heart I could not resist 
making the article something of an ap- 
peal." This means that money is needed 
— so little monev for so great a sfood 



that it seems to us it must be easily 
forthcoming. Miss Ball's address is 43 
Laurel street, antl we assuredly hope she 
will receive ample support for the work 
she has in hand, and so much at heart. 



THE sketch- of Library Hall, Cam- 
bridge, is valuable and sugges- 
tive, not only as to what has been done 
in Cambridge, but chieflv as to what 
ma}- be done in any city or town where 
there are even a few men willing to 
work earnestly and practically. ]^Ia- 
chine politicians and political ringsters 
gain their ends because of the lassitude 
and indifference of better-intentioned 
citizens. If these better-intentioned cit- 
izens can bring themselves to exhibit a 
like zeal and practice a like industry, 
they stand a much better chance of at- 
taining their ends. A very conspicttous 
example of this is to be found in Chi- 
cago, where the ]\Iimicipal \'oters' 
League has worked itself into a position 
of great influence, and bids fair to be in 
command of city politics within a rea- 
sonable time. Its methods of work are 
very thorough, and its election tactics 
are quite drastic. It keeps close tab 
upon all cit\- officials, and when an elec- 
tion approaches, it does not hesitate to 
l)ublish every man's record. It puts up 
a sharp fight against every candi- 
date it disapproves of. The result 
is that there are now but few^ 
"gaunt, gray wolves" in the Chicago 
city government, the weak members 
have discovered new strength, and the 
hands of the strong members are con- 
stantly and publicly upheld. The ring- 
sters are obliged to assvmie a public- 
spirited pose, and boodling has to seek 
the dark. 

It is not difficult to arouse public 
spirit and make it work towartl the re- 
generation of the cities. All that is re- 
quired is personal devotion and business 



THE Wr^RC ESTER MAGAZIXE. 



2S3 



methods — nu)rc work and less talk. 
The riiif^sters do not wait until the eve 
of an election, and then limit their work 
to diffusive talk and a few complaining' 
letters to the newspapers. They are at 
work as soon as one election is held pre- 
parins^ for the next — a year hence, or 
two, or three years hence. The Chicago 
association mentioned made its plans for 
the campaign of 1903 as soon as the re- 
sults of the 1901 election were known, 
and those plans are now being s\stem- 
atically and mercilessly worked out. It 
is easier for the "better element" to rule 
in any city than it is for political gangs 
to gain their ends. The trouble is that 
the campaigns made against misrule are 
usually sentimental rather than practi- 
cal. Such organizations as Library Hall 
are pointing the way to success, and to 
regeneration of city politics. 



MR. D. J. Pratt has admirably 
summed up the tendencies 
that are drawing town and country 
together, and not only drawing them 
together, but actually amalgamating 
them. People who have traveled much, 
and have become acquainted with the 
people in different cities widrlv sep- 
arated, have been ini])ressed with the 
fact that the differences of the citizens of 
different sections, in character and 
habit, are fast disa]ipearing. Only the 
<nher day the writer heard a i)ublic 
speaker assert that people of different 
cities and sections could be oasilv distin- 



guished b\ their peculiarities of speech. 
( )nly a few years ago, comparatively, 
this was true, it is true to-day, only in 
a nuich less general sense. A certain 
portion of the South — the easterly por- 
tion — retains its distinctive inflection, 
but its territorial range is steadily get- 
ting smaller. Citizens of New York, 
Xew England, the West, the Southwest 
(for the most part), the Northwest and 
the Pacific slope, have the same voice — 
inflection, or so nearly the same that dif- 
ferences are indi\ idual rather than gen- 
eral. The man from Xew Orleans and 
the man from Maine speak the same 
language in the same way. Likewise 
the life of the farmer and the life of the 
city man have gravitated to nearly the 
same basis, esj^ecially their intellectual 
lives. Some of the points made by Mr. 
Pratt invite elaboration, as the sugges- 
tion that small water-powers may be 
utilized to ])r()duce electricity cheaply, 
which may be at the service of the farm- 
ers. There are many small water 
"privileges'' all over X'ew England 
which »re not now utilized, but which 
might each be made to produce elec- 
tricity. The cost of doing so is con- 
stantly being recluced, the cost of apply- 
ing the current is growing less, and the 
facilities for han<lling and applying it 
are getting cheaper and less complex. 
The farmers have successfully dealt 
with the problem of connnunal handling 
of milk : i)erhai)s they will soon see their 
wa\ to unite in ])roducing electricity for 
common use and benefit. 



Vacation Schools. 



Bv Helen A. Ball. 




URING the summer vaca- 
tions thousands of children 
in our larger cities are 
thrown upon the streets. 
Living in crowded quarters, 
thev find the street the only 
place offering possibilities of 
air and freedom. Their play 
is much after the manner of 
animals, for they have few 
games. Each child's idea of happiness 
usually lies in doing just as he pleases, 
regardless of the pleasure of others. An 
easy prey to the cravings of appetite, 
he develops all sorts of original sin in 
satisfying those cravings, and so falls 
into physical and moral disorder, not 
only losing much of the good gained 
during the school year, but also develop- 
ing tendencies that become more and 
more difficult to cope with as the child 
grows older. However faithfully a garden 
may be tended in spring and fall, it will 
develop a frightful crop of weeds if left 
to itself during two of the sununer 
months, and just as surely will the 
child's character run to weeds if left to 
itself the same length of time. 

In submitting his report upon vaca- 
tion school work in New York city for 
1899, Dr. James P. Haney says : 'There 
mav be observed developing in many 
school systems of this country signifi- 
cant changes in the mutual relations of 
school and conmiunity. The change is 
in large part due to the growth of the 
belief that the duty of the state to its 
citizens is not discharged when they are 
formally schooled as children. This be- 
lief would see not only the systematic 
education of the child early undertaken. 



but would see this education so differ- 
entiated later that every child, dull or 
bright, might be given an opportunity 
for his maximum development. It would 
see, too, that strong effort was made to 
retain the pupil after he leaves the ele- 
mentary grades, within the moral influ- 
ence of the school, and would have 
higher education and its advantages so 
represented to him that he would be 
constantly stimulated to strive for its at- 
tainment. Paternal in its nature, such 
belief would have the educational au- 
thorities concern themselves with the 
care of the child as well during the sum- 
mer vacation as during the winter school 
term, and, realizing the power of the so- 
cial bond, would have through it the 
interests of the community closely knit 
about the school. Fully developed, this 
conception thinks of the school as more 
than an institution for elementary in- 
struction, thinks of it rather as the civic 
training ground of the connnunity, the 
centre of its social and intellectual ac- 
tivity, the instrument of all instruments 
shaping the moral welfare of the state." 
The ounce of prevention is always 
worth considering, especially when it re- 
lates to the prevention of sickness, pau- 
perism and crime, and the consequent 
possible relief of charitable and penal 
institutions. Without making any ex- 
travagant claims for the vacation school 
— the work is everywhere recent — the 
results already attained are sufficient to 
warrant most strenuous effort in con- 
tinuing the work. A physician visiting 
the Lamartine street sand-garden last 
summer stated that since the opening 
of vacation schools there had l)een much 



Till-: WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



285 



less sickness anion,!:;- the children in that 
district. Aiiythiui;^ jjronioting health and 
hap])iness is worth continiiin_q', hut [ am 
sure we may safely count other gains. 

The first vacation ]:)layground in Wor- 
cester was opened in jidy. 1S97, in 
the yard of the Thomas-street school, 
through the efforts of Miss Estabrook, 



two schools of manual training for boys. 
The ])laygrounds are for small children 
and were located in the schoolyards in 
Thomas, Shrewsbury and Lamartine 
streets. Upon the abandonment of the 
Civic Club as a separate organization, 
the Woman's Club took ui) the work, 
and it was carried on along the same 




CIIII.DREX IN THE SANDCOlKr, IHOMAS STKEKT 1M,.\N (JROL.N D. 



an enthusiastic kindergartner in that 
building. Miss I'^stabrook had the co- 
oi)eration of Dr. Eldridge Mix and somor 
generous citizens, notably Mr. A. S. 
Lowell, wiio gave the sand, which, after 
the teacher, is of ])rinie importance in 
a playground. The work was continued 
in 1898 by the Kindergarten Club, ami 
in 1899 the Civic Club assumed the re- 
sponsibility of three i)laygrounds and 



lines in the summer of 1900 as during 
the previous sunnner. A ])etition is now 
before the School I'.oard asking that 
vacation schools be made a part of the 
public school system of W'orcester. 

The expense of the work is slight 
when we consider the number benefited. 
In Kjoo the total expense was $437.41, 
which provitled for an average of 264 
children in the playgrounds and i^»8 in 



286 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



the manual training schools. The ex- 
pense of lumber for each pupil per les- 
son in the manual training- department 
was less than half a cent. Most of the 
materials used in the playgrounds was 
contributed. The chief expense is for 
teaching, and rightly, for the success of 
the work depends upon the teacher. One 



schoolyard playgrounds have been of ne- 
cessity limited to children of the third 
grade and under, while candidates for 
the manual training department are se- 
lected from the seventh and eighth 
grades, leaving a considerable number 
who need training wholly unprovided 
for. 




THE YOUNGEST MEMBER, THOMAS STREET PLAYGROUND. 



kindergartner is a necessity in every 
playground. The Park Commission has 
had generous thought for the children 
in fitting up playgrounds in some of the 
parks. But playgrounds without a teach- 
er fail of their greatest benefit. These 
playgrounds, under competent directors, 
could provide for a large number of boys 
who are not attracted at once by an 
offer of courses in manual training. The 



An interesting story is told of a boy 
in Cambridge hanging around for an 
hour at the manual training school, and 
on being questionedsaid, "I hoped if some 
fellow cut his finger and had to go home, 
I'd get his chance." It has been an easy 
matter here to fill the few classes in man- 
ual training which we have been able to 
maintain, and have a considerable wait- 
ing list besides, but it often happens that 



THE WORCESTER MACiAZINE 



287 



the brig"litcr boys say they have g'ot a 
jol) for tlic Slimmer and manv of the 
others haiii;' back, either not under- 
standing what is otfered, or misHkingthe 
very sound of school in connection with 
vacation. 

The directors of physical training in 
the Xew York playgrounds speak from 
experience on this ])oint : "The play in- 
stinct is a part of every healthy child's 
nature. \\'e can not teach him t(^ play; 
we can sim])]y tt'acli them how to play 
so that he ma\- reap the most benefit. 
And tliis is the problem that presented 
itself to us in the j^layground — liow to 
teach the ciiild to play at gymnastics, to 
so direct his pla}' as to make him. of his 
own volition, turn it into work, which 
should at the same time that it amused 
him benefit him mentally, morally and 
physically. W'e had to take into consid- 
eration the fact that we had to deal with 
the child of the streets, the child who 
would scamper ofT as fast as his little 
legs could carry him at the mere sugges- 
tion of work, or of anything savoring at 
all of school or discipline ; therefore the 
utmost caution was recjuired not to an- 
tagonize him at the outset." 

The suggestions given to teachers at 
these playg'rounds indicate the moral at- 
mosphere of the playgrounds. "A play- 
ground is a social settlement. It is a 
school of character, whether you wish 
it or not. but tlie kind of character 
formed there will largely depend upon 
you. Play is a child's life; in it he mav 
learn to be agreeable and kind and hon- 
est, or he may learn to be rude and to 
cheat. If you can teach a child to play 
honestly and unselfishly, the chances are 
he will be ]ione>t and unselfish else- 
where, and he has learned the tirst les- 
son of childhood. The children will im- 
itate you closeb' in \ our ])lav. and \()U 
will have every opportunity to sow your 
personality broadcast in methods of play. 
in courtesy and unselfishness, among a 



thousand children. Try to call each 
child by name; take an interest in all 
they do and say ; praise every worthy 
attempt and especially all imjjrovement 
on their part. Do not preach to them, 
but be sure you practice and suggest the 
Golden Rule." 

In all the Xew York ])laygrounds the 
physical training includes kindergarten 
games, general games and gymnastic 
games. Most of the ])laygrounds have 
also morning' occupations, — cooking, 
housekeeping^, sewing, knitting and mil- 
linery for girls, with \'enetian iron work^ 
whittling, cardboard construction work, 
cane w'eaving. toy making, joinery, carv- 
ing and sawing for boys. 

In lioston vacation playgrounds have 
been maintained for a number of years 
by the Massachusetts Emergency and 
Hygienic Association. In 1899 the 
School r>oard appropriated $3,000. to be 
spent under the direction of the associa- 
tion, and twenty-one yards were open 
for ten weeks, three hours each day ex- 
cept Sunday. Last year the same num- 
ber of playgrounds was maintained, and 
the city appropriated $3,000 for vaca- 
tion schools, opening three l)uildings for 
use during the summer, under official 
numici])al direction. The children pro- 
vided for ranged in ages from five to 
fourteen. The boys were taught gym- 
nastics, music, w^oodworking, drawing, 
games, field lessons in nature study and 
w^ork in the school gardens. The girls 
had something of housekeei)ing. music, 
games, sewing, drawing, field lessons in 
nature study and gardening. The chil- 
dren were taken on excursions into the 
country for their nature lessons. The 
children in Xew York were taken on 
like trips to teach them local g-eograi)hy. 
\'acation schools were ojjened for the 
first time in llrookline last summer. $500 
being- appropriated for the work. A 
Brookline citizen showed his interest by 
providing twelve excursions to points 



288 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



of interest around Boston. Xew York 
city provided in 1899 for more than 
100.000 children in some seventy play 
centres, for evening as well as morning, 
and for about 5.000 children in indus- 
trial training, at a total cost of some- 
thing over $47,000. 



seventh grades 



girls 



both boys and 
thereafter working or idling as the 
chance falls, getting no training and no 
uplift after fourteen. It is impossible 
of course to meet every individual need, 
but it must be conceded that the vaca- 
tion school meets a great many. 




GROUP OF BOYS, THOMAS STREET PI.AVGROUXD. 



The needs of Worcester children are 
surely no less than those of children in 
other cities. Here, as elsewhere, many 
are hurried out of school the moment 
the limit of school age is reached, and 
this often happens in the sixth and 



Perhaps the most forceful word ut- 
tered on the subject is : "It has been 
urged as a philanthropic, pedagogic and 
social work. It should be known rather 
as an economic neceisitv." 



The City and its Suburbs, 



By Dana J. Pratt. 




1'. arc i^ettiui;- to he a nation 
Yy of cities with stiburban ap- 
])cn(lai^es. Two of the great 
facts of the closinq' \ears of 
the nineteenth centni"\- are 
the increase of urhan ])opu- 
h'ltions, and the development 
of means of communication 
and transportation. Evidence 
of this is found in the re- 
turns from the census of 1900. which re- 
veal an unprecedented ,c;rowth of cities, 
and as a se(|uence troUe}- lines and tele- 
])hone systems radiatini^ in everv direc- 
tion. The country has become near 
neighbor to the city, indulges in neigh- 
borhood gossip by wire, and runs in 
every half hour to trade, visit and be 
entertained. Worcester was the first to 
inaugurate the "broomstick train" line 
to an outl}"ing town, the road to Spen- 
cer holding the honor of l)eing the first 
long-distance trolley line projected and 
built in the I'nited States. This was but 
ten years ago, and progress since has 
been by leaps and bounds. 

The new electric factors in the life of 
the people, having already in a measure 
revolutionized trade and social condi- 
tions, are destined to work still greater 
marvels during the next twenty-five 
years. The time for skepticism on the 
jiart of thinking jicople as to possible de- 
velopment is past. The man who would 
dare to publish an article denying the 
l)Ossibility of navigating the air. might 
wake some fine day to sec his carefully 
prepared argument go sailing through 
space, conveyed by an air-ship on its 
first successful flight. 

The extension of systems of transpor- 



tation has acted, not (july to develojj the 
city, but has infused into rural life some- 
thing of the business alertness and push 
of the great centres. The modern farm- 
er has his daily ])aper, and his world is 
by no means bounded by the horizon of 
his own acres. Improved methods of 
farming, the grange, the farmers' clubs 
and institutes, are the expression of a 
desire for l)etter things connnerciallv, 
socially and intellectually. Through 
open doors of the future luay be seen 
still greater enlargement of rural o[)por- 
tunit\'. ]\Iore and more the farmer must 
look to the great centres for his market, 
and the problem of communication with 
them is a li\'e and growing one. In the 
one matter of its milk sti])ply, Worcester, 
before many years, will be looking be- 
yond its inunediate environs, and why 
should it not avail itself of its arms of 
electric transportation, reaching as they 
do in every direction? This thought 
leads to the consideration of trolley 
freight lines as one of the probabilities of 
the future. Existing lines and those to 
be built should meet all the requirements 
of the people by whose doors they pass. 
There is no good reason why the farmer's 
milk, vegetables and fruit should not be 
sent to the markets over trolley lines, 
especially in the spring, when at our 
present stage of progress, good roads in 
.\ew luigland are in millennial perspect- 
ive. Cheaper transportation and com- 
nuinication ought not to be remote. 
There is no excuse for the payment of 30 
cents to Webster, and 25 cents back ; 
no real reason why 10 cents should be 
charged for the five miles from Spencer 
to Leicester, when 10 cents pays for 



290 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



seven miles from Leicester to Worces- 
ter. Cheaper electric power will come 
when some of the abandoned mill priv- 
ileges and great swamps and meadows 
at head waters are converted into stor- 
age basins looking to an equalizing of 
the water supply for power. At the head 
waters of the Ware river there is storage 
room and fall enough to supply power 
for electric roads over half the county. 
The farmer is to share in the extension 
of applied electricity. Lines conducting 
the power along the country roads will 
be connected with his grain-mill, en- 
silage-cutter, wood-saw and other chan- 
nels for its energy. Telephones at low 
rates will put him in communication 
with his neighbors, and, what is of great- 
er value, bring him into speaking contact 
with his commission house or market, 
for the advantageous disposal of his pro- 
ducts. When conditions of to-day in 
the rural districts are contrasted with 
those of f^fty years ago, it will be plainly 
seen that the promise of improvement 
in economic and social life is almost lim- 
itless in its possibilities. In a few years 
Worcester is to be the centre of a great 
postal free-delivery system, and the abol- 
ishment of many of the smaller post 
ofifices in the county is only a question of 
time. The people will be better served 
thereby, and many of the political wrang- 
lings and heart-burnings, with the re- 
suhant disturbance of the social life of 
small communities, will be done away 

with. 

The effects of this rapid progress of 
both city and country may be summed 
up under three heads : 

Commercially: The trite remark, 
"The city has grown at the expense of 
the country," is a half truth. No one 
can deny that the maelstrom of city life 
has absorbed much of valley and hilltop 
energy, but it has reacted to produce in 
the smaller communities a .more active 
commercial spirit, a keener desire for de- 



velopment of natural advantages, and a 
more intensive life. The suburban agri- 
culturist is finding that the city as it J 
grows becomes a greater market, and he 1 
is studying as never before to supply its 
demands. He may not compete with his 
Western rival, with his immense areas 
and easy cultivation, supplying the world 
as he does, but he may well endeavor In- 
intensive methods to produce much from 
small acreage, and by selection of the 
best, command remunerative prices in 
his nearby market. The trader in the 
country towns suffers from the invasion 
of the trolley, but it must be remembered 
that civilization, which is another name 
for progress, is something of a Jugger- 
naut, though its victims are of the un- 
willing order. The greatest good to the 
greatest number will eventuate from the 
annihilation of distance by modern meth- 
ods. As well ask that we return to the 
stage-coach and village tavern because, 
forsooth, some worthy Jehu or genial 
Boniface has seen "his occupation gone" 
with the coming of the iron horse, as to 
sentimentalize over electric railway ex- 
tension and consequent readjustments of 
trade. The Heart of the Commonwealth 
may well expect a tremendous increase 
of trade from a radius of twenty-five 
miles north, west and south, while on 
the east she will suffer from the magnet- 
ism of the "Hub." Would it not be a 
paying investment forherBoardof Trade 
to inaugurate a "country week" twice a 
year, during which special concessions 
on the part of both electric and steam 
lines, and extra inducements offered by 
her tradesmeh, would be the means of 
attracting large numbers? It would have 
a tendency to extend the "trade water- 
shed" year by year, by advertising in a 
practical and favorable manner the su- 
periority of Worcester as a commercial 
centre. ' This applies most directly to 
the retail trade, but in some wholesale 
lines, such as groceries, such trade ex- 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



291 



cursions might be successfully carried 
1)11, with a view to attracting a larger 
number of retail dealers to Worcester. 
The end to be attained, and which is 
slowly approaching, is a greater com- 
munity of connnercial interests as be- 
tween the city and its outlying com- 
munities. 

Socially: Noteworthy as is this grow- 
ing commercial amalgamation, it is near- 
ly paralleled by the tendency to social 
oneness. The "country cousin" and the 
city "dude" as types are less in evidence 
than they were a few years ago; they 
understand each other better. Various 
organizations in remote districts, active 
efforts by young people of the hill-town 
churches, and a general enlargement of 
social opportiuiities, have followed the 
outflow of the life of the city into the 
country, made possible by increased 
facilities for transportation. 

The meetings of various commissions 
and organizations having for their object 
the informing and educating of the agri- 
culturist in latest methods have a potent 
influence in this direction. The city is 
their natural centre, and one has only to 
note the number of meetings of this class 
held in Horticultural Hall during a year, 
attended as they are by large numbers 
from the county, to realize their possi- 
bilities in creating new social ties based 
upon a comnnmity of interest. 

In political matters the city draws to 
itself the interests of the country, and 
tliough some "strange bedfellows" are 
among the results, no one can deny that 
strong and healthful social ties are cre- 
ated and fostered through these chan- 
nels. The increasing tendency among 
successful business men of the city to- 
ward country life a part of the year, and 
the resultant mildly ridicided "fancy 
farming." has introduced a new social 



element into many connnunities and has 
almost invariably raised the standard of 
farm operations. The "abandoned 
farm" will become an occupied farm 
when one can reach the city or large 
town every hour or half hour, and 
where the trolley shall have abolished the 
"bad-roads" bugbear. 

-Many other factors in this social prog- 
ress might be mentioned did space per- 
mit, but enough has been cited to show 
rapid growth in the direction of unity. 

Intellectually: Nothing more effect- 
ually l)roadens a man's intellectual hori- 
zon than travel. The life of the city 
tends to sordid commercialism, and the 
destruction of the neighborhood spirit. 
The race for success absorbs energy and 
obliterates brotherhood, while flats and 
apartments are often miles apart in 
spirit while inclosed within the same 
four walls. "Near to nature's heart" is 
the corrective of counting-room and ma- 
chine-shop intellectual narrowness. The 
pure air. the sunshine, the carpet of 
green, the dim aisles of the wood, all 
minister like medicine to a burdened 
mind, quickening, broadening and recu- 
perating. City ])arks are an untold 
blessing, but visions of broad acres of 
real nature, made possible by rapid tran- 
sit, ought to in time lessen the popula- 
tion of jails and asylums. The trolley 
makes noisy our city streets, but it 
whirls us through beautiful country 
scenes, and we forgive and forget. The 
lectures, entertainments autl conventions 
of the city are brought to the door of 
the suburbanite in these days, and his 
half-hourly contact with book-stores, 
libraries and reading-rooms of the large 
centres cannot fail to enlarge his outlook 
upon the world's best thought and add 
something worth while to the life of the 
"man with the hoe" and the plough. 



The Argument Against Municipal Ownership. 



By George French. 




UXICIPAL ownership is at 
ly/f present the fad of the the- 
orists and the slogan of the 
"gangs." There is in every 
city a strong sentiment 
against it among those citi- 
zens who can reason from the 
standpoint of sanity, and a 
bhnd and angry opposition 
among those whose interests 
are most at stake. The opposition of 
both these classes has been, thus far, 
almost dumb, so far as effectively stating 
the real objection to the proposal is -con- 
cerned. The corporations and their de- 
fendants have been voluble, but not 
very convincing. There are those who 
have been at the pains to collect and col- 
late facts from the experience of small 
cities and towns that have tried the ex- 
periment, and have been worsted. Of 
the best of these is Mr. M. J. Francisco, 
of Rutland, Yt., who has brought togeth- 
er a mass of facts that show a series of 
failures. His argument, in presenting 
his facts, is not as strong as it might 
easily have been made, because he seems 
to base his objection to municipal own- 
ership upon the inadmissible premise 
that towns and cities are incapable of 
managing such business as electric light- 
ing and street railways, and that experi- 
ments in that direction are bound to fail 
through sheer incompetency on the part 
of the citizens of cities when they at- 
tempt to act in the aggregate. The op- 
posite of this can easily be conclusively 
proven by simply referring to the ex- 
perience of hundreds of cities in manag- 
ing water works, street betterment, 
sewage disposal and sewerage, fire de- 



partments, police departments, parks, and 
the like. In most American cities these 
departments of the public service are 
managed with success ; in many they are 
conducted with acumen and great abil- 
ity. It is idle to attempt to set up a 
claim that the people of our cities are in- 
capable of managing a lighting plant or 
a street railway, or that the operation of 
politics makes it impossible to secure 
able and honest public management of 
whatever public enterprises our cities see 
lit to undertake. Whoever takes such a 
position not only begs the question, but 
slanders his fellow citizens unwarrant- 
ably. 

The city is for all the people who live 
within its bounds. As a city, a munici- 
pality can properly concern itself only 
with those things that affect all the peo- 
ple. The very bottom principle of a 
citv is conmiunity of interests. The 
organization is created and empowered 
to act for all — for the good of all, for the 
benefit of all. The city government is 
given a power of attorney, by the ma- 
jority of the people, to act for all. It is 
as plain as day that a city government 
may not assume to act for a clique, 
either against the interests of a portion 
of the people, or when a portion of the 
people are not interested and cannot 
participate in certain benefits sought. 
Every person in a city is directly inter- 
ested in the streets, in the water and 
sewerage systems, in the police and fire 
departments, in the care of the indigent 
and the unfortunate, who, through ill- 
ness or natural disability, cannot care for 
themselves. This principle may be dis- 
covered in the organization of the ear- 



THE WORCESTER AiAGAZlXE, 



293 



liesttowns.andil has been developed and 
expanded through all tlic ciMilurics since 
our Saxon forbears first began to hold 
folk-moots. The principle is not a broad 
one. It has never been a broad one. 
It is narrow, and it has kept with- 
in its narrow bounds for many centuries. 
It does not apply to connnt)n necessities 
that offer a certain range of choice, nor 
to those that may be obtained through 
individual effort. It does not apply to 
the providing of water, for instance, un- 
til a village has become large enough to 
make it difficult for individuals to pro- 
cure a supply for themselves. When 
congestion of population makes wells 
and cisterns inadecpiate for the suj)j)ly 
demanded, and renders the inadeqtiate 
supply of doubtful ])uri(y also, the com- 
numal |)rinciple becomes operative, 
almost automatically, and a ])ul)lic water 
system comes into being. It is the op- 
eration of natural forces which cannot 
be otherwise satisfied that creates ])ublic 
water systems, and those other inevitable 
and universal public activities that have 
been mentioned. 1 1 is not that the need 
of the indi\idual is constant and impera- 
tive, livery person needs clothing and 
food, and the need is as insistive as is 
the need for water. lUU it is always 
possible for an indixidual to procure 
clothing and food. If v;ater, sewerage, 
police protection, hre protection, and the 
like, could be kept in stores and taken to 
homes in packages and market baskets, 
the city would have no excuse for ])ro- 
viding them, tudess it could be shown 
that individuals would neglect to pro- 
vide themselves to the general injury of 
the mass of other persons. 

There is not onlv the opportunity, but 
the necessity for choice in the matter of 
patronizing street cars, for example. No 
person is obliged to ride; many are 
obliged to walk. There is no mor.d or 
civic responsibility in the matter. How- 
ever comj^lete a street railway system 



nn'ght be, it could not transport all the 
citizens at all times. It could never 
transport more than a fraction of the 
people over a portion of the routes they 
must travel. It nnist content itself with 
serving a percentage of citizens. Xo 
citizen is under obligatitju to ride in a 
street car. It is of no moment to others 
whether a man rides in a street car, a 
carriage, a coal cart, or whether he 
walks. Hiere is no connnunal responsi- 
bility in this matter. The same view may 
be taken of electric lights. It is pure- 
ly optional with the citizen. He may 
use electric lights, kerosene oil lamps, 
tallow candles or pine knots to illumi- 
nate his house. He injures no neidi- 
bor; he has no right to expect his neigh- 
bor's assistance. The city has no right 
to demand that he use electricitv, or to 
suggest that he use it. It is a matter 
for each ])erson to decide for himself, 
and, having decided, it is for each citi- 
zen to satisfy his desires as best he may. 
The city can only, properly, refrain from 
restricting its citizens" choice. When it 
])ermits corporations to string wires and 
operate street cars in streets, it has done 
all it ought to do in the way of providing 
for the needs, or i)leasures, of a portion 
of its citizens. It is not called upon to 
]M-ovide for such needs as the people can 
themselves satisfy. Xot onlv is it not 
incumbent upon a city to do this, but the 
verv nature of its origin and its lesjiti- 
mate range of functions forbids it to do 
so. However lightly the burden might 
re-.t : however remotely it might be 
traced to affect imlividuals, it would still 
be a fact that the extension of the func- 
tions of a city in the direction of munici- 
pal ownership, as is now proposed bv 
the advocates of this movement, must 
add materially tti the burdens of the tax- 
payers as a whole, and among them 
there would always be a large proportion 
who would not be able to participate in 
the benefits. (^nce this is admitted — 



294 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



and it cannot be denied — the whole fab- 
ric of the argument for municipal owner- 
ship falls to the ground. 

It is plain that municipal ownership 
and control can go no further than those 
prime necessities or life which cannot be 
neglected by any without injury to all, 
and which individuals cannot provide for 
themselves, unless the theory upon 
which cities and towns have grown and 
progressed from the folk-moot be utterly 
discarded. And if we are to depart from 
the restrictions that have made com- 
munal life not only possible but endura- 
ble, we must be logical enough to admit 
that electric lighting, street railways, 
etc., must not have our first attention. 
These are the luxuries of many, but the 
necessities of the few. If communism is 
to be applied to city life, and the idea 
that it is the proper function of the city 
government to organize and conduct in- 
dustrial enterprises that benefit only 
classes is to be admitted, it is fair to de- 
mand that a start be made along lines 
that will touch and benefit the largest 
number. Let us first have municipal 
clothing stores, suppose we say. in order 
that we may dress partly at the expense 
of the tax-payers in general. We know 
that the ordinary suit of clothes for men 
costs but a fraction of the selling price 
when it leaves the factory. Let us mu- 
nicipalize the whole business — from 
sheep-farm to retail store. Every one 
must wear clothes. Why not arrange 
matters so that they can be furnished by 
the city? Such a proposal is too absurd 
to receive attention : vet it is not as ab- 



surd as the proposition that a city shall 
operate an electric-light plant for the 
benefit of that proportion of its people 
which uses electric lights, or street cars 
for those who wish to ride in them. The 
man who walks must not be compelled 
to aid the man who rides. 

But it is not intended to argue this 
question as a matter of business. If 
that phase were to be seriously taken up, 
it could only lead to one of two conclu- 
sions : that cities could not enlist the ser- 
vices of competent men and thereby 
assure success for the enterprises under- 
taken, or that municipal ownership 
might be made a business success. It is 
scarcely to be credited that political cor- 
ruption would for long block the way. 
It is not tolerated in the business affairs j 
of the cities for long, despite all that is 
said and written about it. The fact is 
that most of our American cities are well 
governed, and not only well governed, 
but honestly governed. When all is ad- 
mitted that deserves to be admitted, it 
remains a wholesome fact that municipal 
governments are mostly carefully, hon- 
estly and ably administered ; and if mu- 
nicipal ownership were to succeed, along 
the lines now proposed, we cannot per- 
mit ourselves to believe that political 
corruption would make good business 
methods impossible. That is too great 
a sacrifice to require of us, and too deep 
a disgrace to ask us to contemplate. 

[Municipal ownership deserves to fail 
because it is opposed to the genius and 
the history and the true motif of the town 
idea, which is the same as the citv idea. 



Library Hall Association, Cambridge, Mass, 



Hy Samiki, Usher. 




1 1''. Lil)rary ITall .Vssociation 
of Canil)ridi?e was organized 
in 1889, and is composed of 
well-known citizens repre- 
senting all sections of the 
cit}-, a great variety of cjccu- 
pations and interests, and all 
political parties. 

( )f the origin of the asso- 
ciation the following is 
gleaned from a published article by Mr. 
Cieorge G. Wright, for many years its 
efficient secretary : 

"In 1889 the caucuses were packed by 
men not in sympathy with the ])arty call- 
ing them, and a decidecll}- unfit list of 
candidates for the City Council was 
nominated. A meeting of those opposed 
to the election of such candidates was 
called at very short notice just one week 
before election day. The meeting was 
lu'ld in the rooms formerlv occupied by 
the I'ublic Library, and the list of candi- 
dates endorsed was presented to the 
voters under the title of 'The Library 
Hall Candidates." An unusually hard 
contest ensued, and resulted in the com- 
plete defeat of the objectionable candi- 
dates and the election of all but four of 
the fort\-three candidates endorsed by 
the conference. This renewed the de- 
sire for a permanent organization, and 
the Library Hall .\ss(^ciation was formed 
immediately after the election, taking its 
name from the place of meeting in order 
to retain the prestige the name had al- 
ready secured." 

The purposes of the association as set 
forth in the by-laws are "to secure the 
nomination and election of ])roper candi- 
dates for nnmicipal offices; to ])rocure 



the i)imishment of all persons who may 
be guilty of election frauds, maladminis- 
tration of office, or misappropriation of 
public funds ; to advocate and promote a 
public service based n\hm character and 
capability only; and to jjromote intelli- 
gent discussion c^f nnmicipal afifairs by 
the publication and distribution of relia- 
ble information in relation thereto." 

Above and beyond all (piestion of pol- 
icy or of candidates, the association sup- 
ports and stands for the principle of non- 
I^artisanship in municipal afifairs, assert- 
ing that in the choice of a city govern- 
ment national issues have no place what- 
ever. 

The by-laws further declare that "any 
citizen of Cambridge shall be eligible to 
membership without regard to his politi- 
cal preference. Proposals to member- 
ship shall be made in writing to the Ex- 
ecutive Connniltee in such form as they 
may provide, and if approved by three- 
fourths of that committee the applicant 
shall become a member upon sigm'ng 
these by-laws and payment of the admis- 
sion fee. Proposals not approved by the 
h-xecntive Committee may be referred 
by any member to the association, which 
may, by a three-fourths \ote of all pres- 
ent at any meeting, elect said applicant. 
The Executive Connnittee shall investi- 
gate charges of misconduct against anv 
member of the association, and report to 
the association such reconnnendations 
as they may deem desirable in relation to 
the same. The association may then, bv 
three-fourths vote of all present, expel 
said member, provided he shall be noti- 
fied of the proposed action and be heard 
in his ouu behalf, if he so desires. Anv 



296 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



member not in arrears may at any time 
resign his membership by sending a 
written notice to the secretary." 

The officers of the association are a 
president, one vice-president from each 
ward, a treasurer, a secretary, an assist- 
ant secretary, three auditors, and an ex- 
ecutive committee of five from each 
ward. The president, vice-presidents, 
treasurer, and secretaries are ex-officiis 
members of the Executive Committee. 

No person holding any salaried posi- 
tion under the nation, state or city gov- 
ernment, and no member of either 
branch of the City Council, is eligible for 
election to any office of the association. 
Any officer of the association who shall 
become a candidate for any of the above 
offices shall cease to hold his position 
as an officer of the association, and the 
Executive Committee shall immediately 
choose a member to fill the vacancy for 
the remainder of the term of said officer. 
The association holds three regular 
meetings each year, and a special meet- 
ing about four days before the final day 
for filing nomination papers with the city 
clerk, to consider the various candidates 
nominated for the city government. 
Other special meetings are held as the 
interests of the association demand. 

To the special meeting for the en- 
dorsement of candidates none but mem- 
bers and newspaper reporters are admit- 
ted. For the use of the members, the 
secretary prepares ballots containing the 
names of every candidate known to have 
been nominated either by a convention, 
caucus, or nomination paper, whether 
the necessary papers have been actually 
filed with the city clerk or not. The 
ballots give the residence of each candi- 
date, his occupation, and how nominat- 
ed. The action of the members is not 
confined to the names upon the printed 
ballot. The association has always 
claimed the right to make independent 
nominations when suitable candidates 



cannot otherwise be had, and has exer- 
cised this right in several cases. The 
names upon the printed ballot are all 
read to the meeting, and as each name is 
announced, an opportunity is given for 
the presentation of reasons for or 
against endorsement. Members who 
are candidates for any office are obliged 
to retire while the candidates for that 
office are being discussed. After the 
discussion the members then proceed to 
mark the ballots, and the candidates re- 
ceiving the highest number of marks are 
endorsed by the association and their 
names are printed upon the official bal- 
lot, with the designation of Library Hall 
against each name. Properly executed 
nomination papers are filed with the city 
clerk. by the secretary of the association. 
To quote from one of the reports of 
the association : "Candidates who are 
members receive no more favorable con- 
sideration than those not belonging to 
the organization, and in many cases the 
association has endorsed candidates who 
were not members in preference to those 
who were. Its action in one case result- 
ed in the election of a candidate for 
mayor who was not a member, and the 
defeat of another who had been a mem- 
ber of the Executive Committee the 
same year." 

A campaign paper, "Good City Gov- 
ernment,"" is prepared each year contain- 
ing a brief biographical sketch of every 
candidate endorsed, together with such 
other matter as the committee in charge 
consider desirable. This paper is mailed 
to every voter whose name is upon the 
revised list of voters. With each paper 
is also mailed a card, which may be 
taken to the polls for reference, contain- 
ing the names of approved candidates to 
be voted for in the ward where the voter 

resides. 

A member is not bound to support 

the nominees of the association. He is 

merelv bound to see that the verdict of 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE 



297 



the majority is reached fairly, and that 
it is (hdy promulgated to the voters. To 
this end he may as a member sign the 
nomination papers of Library Hall and 
then as an independent citizen support 
the candidacy of a person not endorsed 
bv Library Hall. 

For several years, beginning with 
1895, the association prepared and pub- 
lished a record of the acts of each mem- 
ber of the City Council, including attend- 
ance at meetings, votes, and other offi- 
cial work. Last year this record was 
discontinued because the Executive 
Committee believed that all necessary 
records, or tabulations, could be kept by 
the City Council, and be open to the in- 
spection of any citizens who cared to 
consult them. The council was duly 
petitioned to keep such records, but de- 
clined to do so. The Executive Com- 
mittee then decided to have volunteers 
from the committee attend the council 
meetings regularly. The following is a 
brief simimary of their observations as 
published in the last annual report of the 
association : 

TJic imuiaturity of some of the mem- 
bers of our Common Couneil a)id tlie 
need there of experienced business men 
xvith no other ajnbition than to serve 
the eity's interest. The waste of time 
in both branches of the City Council in 
speeches for political effect. The lack of 
discussion of important matters hastily 
considered by committees. The use by 
uiemhers of the labor patronage of large 
Public service corporations. 

The result of the experiment was so 
satisfactory that the Executive Commit- 
tee has voted to continue these visits 
during the present year. 

It will be seen, therefore, that Library 
Hall is essentiallv a vigilance committee, 
rthich watches and re])()rts not only on 
:andidates for office, but on holders of 
affice. Its influence on ofifice-holders is 
^vell recognized ; its influence in regard 



to candidates is shown by the fact that 
in the eleven years of its life, out of the. 
whole number of candidates endorsed^ 
about 90 per cent, have been elected. 

In order to perform its work more 
thoroughly, preliminary ward meetings 
of the members were held last year prior 
to the regular endorsing meeting, to dis- 
cuss candidates for the Common Council 
and to endorse the recjuisite nun>ber 
from each ward, subject to the approval 
of the whole association at its annual 
meeting for the endorsement of candi- 
dates. These meetings were so success- 
ful that they are to be continued in the 
future. 

The necessity for an organization like 
the Library Hall Association in Cam- 
bridge, or for a similar organization in 
any city of the Commonwealth, cannot 
perhaps be better set forth than by the 
following extract from the last annual 
report of the Executive Committee : 

"So long as it is held that every citi- 
zen should be interested in the welfare 
of the city, and should go to the polls 
on election dav and exercise his right of 
suffrage with discrimination, aided b\' all 
the information and advice that he can 
obtain, just so long is such an associa- 
tion as Library Hall a necessity. If the 
association does nothing more than to 
arrange for a meeting for the free dis- 
cussion of the candidates seeking office, 
and then set its seal of approval upon 
those who are shown to possess the 
greatest merit, its existence will be fully 
justified. It is well known that in a city 
like Cambridge there are a large number 
of voters who have no personal knowl- 
edge of many of the candidates for office, 
and, unless such voters can have some- 
thing to guide them at the polls, the ex- 
ercise of their suffrage nmst be limited 
in extent or indulged in with consider- 
able chance of doing harm. 

"The reason commonly given for the 
existence in many of our cities of cor- 



298 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



rupt and inefficient governing bodies is 
the lack of interest and want of knowl- 
edge of the ordinary citizens concerning 
municipal affairs and concerning the 
men who manage them. The ordinary 
voter knows nothing as to the city char- 
acter : he knows nothing about most of 
the men who are candidates for office ; 
he never attends any of the meetings of 
the City Council, and most likely never 
enters the City Hall from one year's end 
to the other. When a caucus is held, or 
election dav comes, he casts his ballot 
blindlv, being entirely unable to make 
any intelligent choice among the several 
candidates. In very many cases men 
will not take the trouble to go to the 
polls to cast their votes when they have 
knowledge about few. if any. of the can- 
didates named on the ballot : and con- 
scientious men must hesitate to vote for 
persons entirely unknown to them. The 
mere fact that a person has received the 
local caucus nomination is not a suffi- 
cient reason for voting for him, for his 
nomination may not be the result of an 
expression of the free choice of disinter- 
ested men, and may have been secured 
l)v unworthy means. A\'hile such indif- 
ference and ignorance on the part of the 
voters continue, large opportunities are 
afforded for men who are led by selfish, 
not to say corrupt, motives to seek office. 
"No work which Lil)rary Hall can do 
can entirely remedy the evils which arise 
from this apathy and neglect on the part 
of so manv of the intelligent citizens. 



Still, much good can be accomplished. i 
If the individual citizen will not take the 
trouble necessary to find out for himself 
what persons ought to be voted for, then 
clearly it is important that some commit- 
tee or body having the public welfare at 
heart should obtain the information 
needed and impart the same to all the 
voters. This work Library Hall seeks 
to do, and very many voters are aided 
and guided by the information and ad- 
vice given l)y the Library Hall Asso- 
ciation. 

"If a nomination can stand the test 
of a public discussion by the citizens wdio 
compose the Library Hall Association, 
a voter, even though he has no personal 
knowledge of the candidate who receives 
the association's endorsement, feels con- 
siderable confidence in voting for such 
a candidate. It is largely because the 
consideration of candidates for public 
office by the Library Hall Association 
occurs after the heat of the caucus, and 
when all the facts are disclosed and the 
methods employed for securing the 
nomination are well known, that the en- 
dorsement of the candidate by the asso- 
ciation is valuable to the voter." 

Until recently it has been the general 
opinion of the members of the associa- 
tion that the function of Library Hall is 
to endorse rather than to nominate; 
that is, to select, by the aid of a free dis- 
cussion of the candidates, the best men 
out of the list presented. 



Distributing Trade of Worcester. 



By Wm. H. Pratt. 




ERHAPS the most notice- 
able feature in the industrial 
life of Worcester durino- the 
]iast (|uarter of a century has 
been the steady and ever- 
increasing' development of 
the jobbing- trade — the trade 
which, a decade ago, was a 
comparativelv small factor in 
tlie business life of the com- 
numitv. 
To-day Worcester stands out, more 
prominently perhaps than any other 
New England city, as a centre from 
which radiates a verv considerable por- 
tion of the jobbing trade of the eastern 
states. Unusually fine facilities for trans- 
l)ortation and a location so near the cen- 
tre of the Xew England trade have, of 
course, provided much at the start in the 
way of natural advantages. These pri- 
marily essential conditions, coupled with 
the indomitable push and appreciation of 
trade conditions by the business men of 
Worcester, have resulted in placing the 
1 leart of the Conuuonwealth in the very 
front rank as regards this feature of the 
ever-increasing industrial advancement 
of the citw 

The jobbing trade, in the strict a])pli- 
cation of the term, should not be con- 
fused with the great out])ut in the way of 
machinery and kindred products which 
have extended the fame of \\'fircester 
and its mechanics over the civilized 
world, wherever the ingenuity of man 
has awakened to the advantages to be 
derived from a i)ractical ap])lication of 
tlie latest and most up-to-date lalxjr- 
saving api^liances. The jobbing trade 
as generally considered a]:)plies more 



properly to the lines handled for the 
every-day trade of the world, in which 
the great masses of the people form sucli 
a vital factor. Food-stufTs, boots antl 
shoes, clothing of all kinds, iron and steel 
in special sizes suited for use of the 
blacksmith and small manufacturer; oil- 
products, drugs and chemicals, glass- 
ware, and a thousand and one specialties 
in the respective lines, all have a place in 
the jobbing trade of Worcester. The 
increase has been steady and far-reach- 
ing, until to-day comparatively few of the 
principal lines are without representa- 
tion in the local world of trade. The 
conservative business man is perhaps 
more keenly alive to the desirabilitv of 
combining as many trade features as 
possible than the ordinary individual in 
other walks of life, and the Worcester 
r>oard of Trade has taken advantage of 
existing conditions with good results. So 
far as practicable special attention has 
been directed toward encouraging the 
establishment of jobbing houses here. 

Worcester is synonymous with the 
very best in the advancement and up- 
building of manufacturing and trade in- 
terests, and it has not been difficult, on 
occasion, to convince men about to en- 
gage in worth}- enterprise that no citv 
throughout the length and breadth of 
the land is belter adapted to present-dav 
rec|uirements than \\'orcester. Every line 
of business possessing sufficient merit to 
commend itself to the judgment of con- 
servative business men can find a place 
here. The i'-oard oi Trade believes that 
every department of the great industrial 
combination aids associate interests, in 
one way or another, and combines to 



300 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



good advantage in the make-up of a 
o-reat trade centre. Everv business man 
in the outside world who may have his 
attention called to some article handled 
bv local dealers naturally, though per- 
haps unconsciously, associates the arti- 
cle with the enviable reputation of Wor- 
cester in the world of trade. He may 
handle other lines, and once a start is 
made the desirability of buying from 
other Worcester houses is pretty certain 
to commend itself to his judgment. The 
more lines of business centering here, 
the greater is the opportunity for trade 
converts of this sort. Every new cus- 
tomer secured by a local house means 
that the attention of another business 
man has been directed toward this city. 
Men unacquainted with ^^'orcester nat- 
urallv become curious after a time, and 
gratifv the desire to see for themselves 
what conditions really exist in the city 
bearing such an enviable business repu- 
tation. Instances of this sort have in 
many cases resulted in substantial addi- 
tions to the business of the city. Aside 
from the trade advantages, conservative 
men like the moral tone of Worcester. 
The atmosphere of an industrious, 
wholesome, progressive and up-to-date 
community, with the advantages accru- 
ing from exceptional educational facili- 
ties and the desirability of Worcester as 
a residential city, all have a part in the 
general upbuilding. 

:\Ien conversant with the local jobbing 
trade admit that the strides made along 
this line during the past ten years exceed 
their fondest expectations. A few years 
ago Boston and New York houses were 
reaping the harvest, not alone from the 
territorv now covered by Worcester 
dealers, but from a very considerable 
portion of the local retail trade as well. 
^^'ith the growth and development of the 
city came a realization that outside in- 
terests were benefiting from what 
should be put to advantage locally, and 



the movement which has resulted in such 
a signal degree of success was started in 
earnest. Trade conditions to-day fur- 
nish the best possible evidence of how 
well Worcester enterprise and ability 
have operated in establishing what may 
be termed a local precedent and carrying 
it through to a satisfactory conclusion. 
Representatives of Xew York and Bos- 
ton firms have come to realize that, so 
far as a great majority of lines are con- 
cerned, a large proportion of eastern 
trade must be relinquished to Worcester 
men. There are certain lines not repre- 
sented in the jobbing trade of the city. 
Practicallv nothing is done in the hard- 
ware line, from a strictly jobbing stand- 
point, and the same thing may be said of 
the dry-goods trade in a general sense. 
Attempts have been made to increase 
the boot and shoe trade locally, and not 
without results, but this branch of local 
industry, while prominent, has never at- 
tained the volume in evidence some 
years ago, when labor troubles resulted 
in verv materially decreasing the output. 
Closely allied with, and of almost vital 
importance to, the welfare of successful 
jobbing trade is the necessity for ade- 
([uate shipping facilities. Hartlly a bet- 
ter condition could be desired in this re- 
spect than that presented in Worcester. 
Railroad lines extend toward all points 
of the compass, and direct shipments 
without the tedious and vexatious delay 
so often experienced follow as a matter 
of course. In this connection the Board 
of Trade has ever worked to good advan- 
tage. Improved facilities for transpor- 
tation and everything attainable in the 
way of concessions, as regards freight 
rates, are matters wdiich have received 
the never-ceasing attention of the Board 
from the beginning. 

In considering the jobbing trade and 
its part in the business life of the city, 
the commercial travelers and their in- 
fluence on business men with whom they 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE 



301 



conic in contact slioiikl not be lost sight 
of. The small army c^f traveling men 
who make \\'orcester their headquarters 
cover not only cities and towns of New 
England, but every portion of the United 
States as well. 

A number of men representing New 
York and Boston houses make their 
homes in Worcester, and naturally take 
])ride in the upbuilding and advance- 
ment of the city. There are numerous 
instances on record where commercial 
travelers have worked to good advan- 
tage, in conjunction with the Board of 
Trade, in the matter of securing new 
business enterprises, and it is not diffi- 
cult to understand how hundreds of 
capable representatives, visiting nearly 
ever}' cpiarter of the country, can exert 
the very best kind of influence in behalf 
of their home city. 

The Worcester Commercial Travelers' 
Association is one of the strongest or- 
ganizations of its kind in the country. 
The membership at present is something 
over 300, and every branch of trade is 
represented. Nor is the membership 
confined to traveling men alone. Heads 
of some of the largest business houses, 
who take an occasional trip over their 
territor\-, have interested themselves in 
the association, and stand side by side 
with their employees in building up and 
maintaining the strongest organization 
possible. 

A considerable number of the Com- 
mercial Travelers' Association are mem- 
bers of the Board of Trade, and the good 
that ma\- be accomplished by a little per- 
sonal testimony, as occasion presents it- 
self, has been pretty generally demon- 
strated to their associates. There is 
vuom for still more of this sort of work, 
and die directorate of the Board of 
Trade realizes, better perhaps than any- 
one else, what a i)owerful ally will be 
gained when the traveling men of W'or- 
cester get thoroughly accjuainted with 



the fact that the\- may serve as rei)re- 
sentatives, not only of their respective 
houses, but the business and industrial 
interests of the whole city as well. 

Business conditions to-day require 
that a man, in order to attain success as 
the representative of any line of trade, 
must possess considerably more than 
average ability. A knowledge of men 
and the ability to gain their confidence 
and gootl will are primary (jualifica- 
lions of a successful commercial trav- 
eler. An intimate knowledge of trade 
conditions and the ability to set forth the 
merits of a certain line of goods, are, of 
course, essential in connection. 

Oftentimes the commercial traveler is 
the only person connected with a busi- 
ness house with whom the customers 
come in direct contact. He stands for 
the particular tirm he represents in the 
eyes of his trade, and instances are nu- 
merous where individuals have so thor- 
oughly ingratiated themselves into the 
confidence of their customers that they 
virtuallv control a large amount of busi- 
ness. It is men of this sort, ever alert 
for business opportunities, who can. by 
giving the subject attention, produce 
splendid results by directing the atten- 
tion of business men or those interested 
in new enterprises toward the city, ac- 
knowledged the foremost business cen- 
tre of New England. 

The wholesale grocery trade of \\ or- 
cester furnishes enii)loyment to more 
men, perhaps, than any one other indi- 
vidual line, and the territory embraced 
may be described as extending about 
half way toward Boston and Springfield 
on the east and west, and from the Can- 
ada line on the north to the coast on the 
south. Practicallv the same territory is 
covered l)v most of the other local 
houses, although the larger manufac- 
turers have representatives who cover all 
the ])rincipal cities of the entire country. 
The produce trade, although extending 



302 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



over a smaller area, is closely allied with 
the grocery trade, and is a feature which 
has shown remarkable development dur- 
ing the past few years. To-day Worces- 
ter dealers have representatives in all the 
principal fruit and produce sections 
of the United States and foreign coun- 
tries ready to seize upon the early varie- 
ties, which are promptly forwarded to 
the local house and re-shipped to the 
retail dealers in and about \\'orcester. 

\\ ithin a few years \\'orcester has laid 
a strong hold on the drug trade of the 
immediate section, and in this line, as in 
others, the Xew England trade is com- 
ing to look toward Worcester more and 
more as the years go bv. 

Another feature in the local jobbing 
trade is the advance made in the output 
of steel and iron products suited for the 
blacksmith or small manufacturer. This 



branch was confined almost entirelv t^ 
the local trade a few years ago, but the 
push of \\'orcester dealers has resulted 
in making this city the distributing point 
not only for a sizable section of Massa- 
chusetts, but for a large portion of other 
Xew England states. 

All kinds of clothing, stockings, wrap- 
pers, overalls, and boots and shoes have 
a place in the jobbing trade. Glassware, 
bottles, cutlery, refrigerators, and a hun- 
dred and one specialties in the various 
lines are included in the great aggrega- 
tion of trade interests. In addition, 
\\ orcester is a distributing point for the 
great combines dealing in oil-products. 

Taken altogether it is hard to imagine 
a greater variety of industry than pre- 
sents itself in the wholesale and jobbing 
traiBc of Worcester to-dav. 



Argument for Legislative Initiation, 



The World Review. 



Alore than a generation ago John 
Stuart :Mill called attention to the fact 
that the drafting of legislation could 
never be satisfactorily done by members 
of the legislature while they were en- 
gaged in the struggle of the legislative 
sessions, and demanded that permanent, 
expert commissions be chosen for this 
purpose. His position was doubtless 
sound at that time. Since that day the 
tremendous increase in productive power 
and the consequent increase of opportu- 
nity to acquire wealth have certainlv low- 
ered the general standard of eificiencv 
among legislators. At the same time the 
increasing complexity of civil, social and 
economic life has made drafting of lesris- 
lation infinitely more difficult. Conse- 
quently to an extent but little realized 
by the citizens, the drafting of legislation 



has passed primarily from the hands of 
the legislature into the hands of the ex- 
pert counsel and attorneys of those seek- 
ing private advantage from the legisla- 
tion. 

It would be perfectly safe to assume 
in view of the haste and pressure and 
multiplicity of bills introduced into a ses- 
sion that many of the more important 
acts are passed without any reasonable 
understanding of the language of the act 
by its promoters in the legislature or. in 
fact, by any member of either house. The 
only persons that may be supposed to be 
reasonablv familiar with the meaninsf of 
almost any act regulating industrial af- 
fairs are those outside of the legislature 
who expect private gain from the pas- 
sage of the act. Such a condition of af- 
fairs leads necessarilv and inevitablv to 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE, 



303 



class legislation of the worst sort, and 
that, too, by corrupt means. 

The old Greek philosopher was very 
near to the truth when he insisted that 
wickedness is the child of ignorance. 
This great evil has not yet been suffi- 
ciently realized to lead to widespread at- 
tempts at reform in this country. The 
Austrian Parliament in revising the char- 
ter of \'ienna made an interesting step 
toward the solution of the difficulty by 
creating a third chamber between the 
two branches of the council. To this 
third chamber are relegated the drafting 
of bills and the appointing of civil serv- 
ants. About a decade ago the state of 
Xew York made some tentative efforts 
in the same direction by giving some 
powers over this matter to the statutory 
revision commission. 

In a recent number of the Annals of 
flic American Academy of Political and 
Social SciciH'c Mr. Roliert H. Whitten 
discusses this phase of our political life. 
He called attention to the fact that by 
an amendment of 1893 it was made the 
dutv of this commission, on request of 
either house of the legislature or any 
committee, or member, or officers there- 
of, to draft or revise bills and to render 
opinions as to the constitutionality, or 
other legal effect of proposed legislation, 
and to report bills for such measures as 
they deemed expedient. It seems that 
in the session of 1899 the commission 
actually prepared 500 bills on recjuest, 
and worked over and reported on a very 
largo number prepared elsewhere. L'n- 



fortunately, the connnission was abol- 
ished a year ago. 

The only trace of a similar institution 
in America is to be found in South Car- 
olina. Almost a generation ago an act 
was passed requiring the attorney gen- 
eral of the state to serve the Legislature 
in a capacity indicated above. In 1880 
the attorney general was authorized to 
require the assistance during legislative 
sessions of the state solicitors in the 
eight judicial districts of the state. A 
year ago Massachusetts at least recog- 
nized the need of something of this sort 
by providing that the attorney general 
should on request give advice to legis- 
lative committees as to the legal effect 
of proposed measures. 

One of our greatest evils comes from 
the fact that the characters of the mem- 
bers of the legislature and their circum- 
stances make it impossible for them to 
originate and put into proper form drafts 
of legislative bills. Until the circum- 
stances under which the legislature acts, 
as well as the intelligence and efficiency 
of the individual members, are changed 
for the better, it seems to us that the 
onlv possible relief can come from pub- 
licly recognizing the difficulty and em- 
ploying disinterested, expert ability out- 
side the membership of the houses. For 
it is not onlv undesirable, but extremely 
dangerous, that legislation in as intense 
and commercial a life and era as this 
should actually be drafted by parties 
whose chief interests in it are the pri- 
vate i>-ains tliat thev can get out of it. 



Public Ownership Failure. 



In Municipal Affairs for December, 
1900, is a review of the report of the 
public accountant and auditor on the 
finances of the municipal printing de- 
partment of Boston. This report is 
worthy of careful study by all students 
of munici])al government, and especially 



by all such as are advocating the munic- 
ipalization of different I'jranchcs of in- 
dustr}-. 

The report covers substantially four 
years, from March 1, 1897, the date of 
the establishment of the plant. Exclud- 
ing, for the present, interest on the origi- 



304 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



nal cost of the plant, it appears that the 
total receipts for the four years were 
$21,848.10 less than the expenses. It 
must be remembered, however, that a 
considerable portion of the expense of 
running the municipal plant must be off- 
set by the expense of running the docu- 
ment department under the previous 
system ; namely, the expense of super- 
intendent's salary, clerks, stationery, and 
so on. Estimating for this item on the 
■basis of previous cost and still omitting 
interest on the cost of the plant, but 
making allowance for its depreciation, 
the net profit for the four years is $5,- 
482.01. Taking into account the interest 
on the plant at 4 per cent, per annum, 
the yearly net loss has been $2,129.50. 
It is plain that the enterprise has not had 
the financial results that Mayor Quincy 
anticipated when the plant was estab- 
lished. The auditor, Mr. Chase, believes 
that the spoils system is responsible for 
the lack of financial success. In his own 
language : 

"There is no doul)t in my nnnd, after 
a careful examination of all circum- 
stances, that 15 to 20 per cent, of the ex- 
penses of the department would be saved 
if the pressure of political influence in 
favor of applicants for positions were 
wholly removed, and the superintendent 
left entirely free to run his department 
as a private business is carried on, ap- 
pointing experienced and capable em- 
ployees only, and purchasing his mate- 
rials wherever they can be bought at the 
lowest prices." 

Mr. Chase still hopes that the business 
can be put so largely on a strictly busi- 
ness basis as to make the plant, includ- 
ing the capital charge, self-sustaining, 
but declares that "such a result will re- 
quire marked ability and independence 
in the management and due forbearance 
on the part of all others in interference 
with the business of the citv's printing." 

This seems one of the most significant 



documents on the whole subject of mu- 
nicipal or private ownership of indus- 
tries. The circumstances under which it 
was produced give it probably as impar- 
tial a character as can be expected in any 
case, and the experiment has been tried 
where the spirit of civil service on the 
merit system is unusually strong. The 
conclusions confirm the vague but wide- 
spread feeling that public business is not. 
financially speaking, so well conducted 
as private business, and that what is 
known as the spoils system is largely re- 
sponsible for the discrepancv. 

It may be questioned whether or not 
the question of municipalization turns 
entirely on the financial outcome; but it 
should not for a moment be lost sicj-ht 
of that so far as efficiency in manao-e- 
ment is concerned in this country at 
least with its theory of democracy, pub- 
lic ownership can not rationally be ex- 
pected for generations to come to equal 
private ownership. For private owner- 
ship of important enterprises commands 
the superior intellects of the country, 
whereas the best that can be hoped of 
public ownership is that it will represent 
not the superior, but the average intelli- 
gence and character of the community. 
So far, therefore, as the question is an 
economic one, the only rational hope of 
the advocates of municipal ownership is 
the raising of the general intelligence 
and efficiency in the community by the 
slow process of general education. It 
goes without saying that such a move- 
ment can never bring about the impos- 
sible mathematical result of making the 
inferior or average intelligence equal to 
the superior intelligence. Until that im- 
possibility is removed, the inferior intelli- 
gence is not likelv to consent to g-ive 
either the financial emolument or the so- 
cial recognition sufficient to bring the 
superior intelligence into the service of 
the municipality. 



Annual Report of the President of the Worcester Board 
of Trade for the Year Ending x\pril, 1901. 



Gentlemen of the Worcester Board of 
Trade: 

The past year completes a quarter of 
a century since a chartered association 
of business men was formed to promote 
the business interests of \\ orcester. 

After a few years of active Hfe, and a 
longer period of suspended animation, 
a reorganization was made under the old 
charter, having the ambitious purpose, 
as expressed in the constitution, "to 
concentrate flic jiidgineiif and iiiHiieucc of 
flic bnsincss men of Jl'orccsfcr in forward- 
ing snch movements as sIuiU tend toward 
tlie prosperity of the city." The coming 
year completes the first decade of that 
reorganized body knowai as the Worces- 
ter Board of Trade. 

The reports of the secretar_\- and of 
the various committees give a detailed 
account of a portion of the work of the 
Board for the ])ast year. Much of the 
work has involved not a little personal 
sacrifice on the part of members which 
can not be adequately presented in a 
formal report, and some has been ac- 
complished through special committees 
and is unreported. During the past 
year, in addition to its routine work, the 
activities of the Hoard have been direct- 
rd along some new and unusual lines. 

The directors, while considering plane 
for a solicitation of funds for the suffer- 
ers by the flood in Galveston, Texas, 
deemed it advisable to act under the 
general appeal issued by the then acting 
mayor of the cit}-. and they according- 
1\- subscribed the sum of $200 as the 
contribution of the IJoard of Trade. 

The publication of a monthly period- 



ical, called the Worcester Magazine, 
was undertaken in January, 1901, under 
the supervision of a Committee on Pub- 
lication of three members, and under the 
immediate charge of an experienced 
gentleman as editor. This publication 
was undertaken upon the recommenda- 
tion of the Committees of Ways and 
Means and of Statistics and Informa- 
tion, and after a full discussion by the 
directors, as a means of promoting and 
extending the work of the Board. 

The magazine attempts to occupy a 
field in municipal jcnirnalism hitherto 
unoccupied, and to contribute to the 
welfare of the city by the discussion of 
municipal (piestions of interest to Wor- 
cester, and to otlier cities alike. Some 
of these questions now pressing for so- 
lution pertain to new and unst)lved 
problems which require deliberate and 
impartial consideration. 

The W0RCE.STER Magazine should 
not enter the ranks of the over-zealous 
advocate, neither should it hesitate to 
worthilv represent the best and most in- 
telligent public sentiment. The maga- 
zine has enhanced the interests of the 
members in the work of the lM\ird. and 
has received many llattering conmien- 
dations outside our own city. 

The directors have recently appointed 
a special committee of manufacturers, 
themselves largely interested in foreign 
trade and intelligent observers of its 
needs and conditions, to consider meth- 
ods for increasing the export trade of 
Worcester, and for affording better facil- 
ities for that already secured. 

This connnittee has devised plans to 



306 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



tliat end to be presented to the manu- 
facturers of the city, which, it is hoped, 
will meet with a])proval and support. 

The Board of Trade has undertaken to 
assist in raisingthe neededfundsto erect 
an equestrian statue in bronze of Major- 
General Charles Devens. It is proposed 
by a commission whose artistic taste and 
judgment command respect and confi- 
dence, selected to arrange the details of 
the memorial to General Devens, that 
this statue be executed by French and 
Potter, who stand in the foremost rank 
as sculptors, one of the human figure 
and the other of animals, and that it be 
placed in front of the County Court 
Hotise in Worcester. 

The op])ortunity to aid in the adorn- 
ment of our city and in the comiuemora- 
tion of a nol)Ie character conspicuous in 
both civil and military life, has never 
been more fittingly or urgently pre- 
sented. A plan for obtaining funds has 
been adopted by the directors, designed 
to enlist the active co-operation of the 
entire membership of the Board, under 
the charge of a special committee. Each 
member, in due time, will be fully ad- 
vised of the plan adopted, and will be 
asked to render a slight service for its 
accomplishment. 

The proposed visit to our city 
in June next of the president of 
the United States as the guest of 
Senator Hoar, will afford the Board 
of Trade the opportunity and the 
honor of expressing the welcome of 
our citizens by a dinner and reception 
to the president and members of his 
Cabinet, and the arrangements have 
been placed in charge of a special com- 
mittee. 

The material advancement of our city 
must in the futtire, as in the past, lie 
along the line of its manufacturers. 
With its increase in population, more 
artisans should be employed, and the 



productive power of each should be in- 
creased if our city is to maintain its 
prestige as a centre of skilled industries. 

The increase in manufacturing from 
without is almost wholly beyond the con- 
trol of a board of trade. Industries al- 
ready established elsewhere, possessing 
ample capital and the control of a legit- 
imate business, are governed by busi- 
ness laws and conditions in a change of 
location. Some of these conditions a 
board of trade can modify to some ex- 
tent, but for the most part they are be- 
yond its influence. ( )n the other hand, 
new enterprises which are based upon 
a prospectus and are seeking for capital 
wherewith to exploit the schemes of a 
confident inventor, or promoter, many 
of them no doubt worthy, should ask for 
and obtain financial support only upon 
the fullest investigation by the investor 
himself, assisted by such expert advice 
as he may call to his aid. It is no part 
of the duty of a board of trade to lend 
itself to the furtherance of business pro- 
jects of which it can have no practical 
knowledge. And it should take no offi- 
cial action which may be used by a pro- 
moter of such projects as a (|uasi in- 
dorsement. 

The expansion of our manufacturing 
industries from within by the enlarge- 
ment of those now established should 
enlist the active interest of the Board of 
Trade and of our i)ublic-spirited citizens 
in general. By a thorough canvass of 
all the manufacturing establishments in 
the city, both new and old, we should 
keep ourselves informed of the number 
of persons employed, the goods made, 
and of the obstacles encountered in the 
successful conduct of their business. 

The Board of Trade has been able in 
the past to be of great service in secur- 
ing lower freight rates on heavy machin- 
ery, lower water rates to manufacturers, I 
lower express rates, better transporta- * 
tion facilities for freight and Improved | 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



307 



train service for passengers, Init steps 
should be taken to l)ring the Board into 
closer touch \\ith the mainifacturers of 
our city, whether members of the Board 
or not. 

The Board of Trade relies for its 
membership upon the sentiment of pub- 
lic spirit and of loyalty to the city of 
Worcester. One who joins it for other 
reasons, or for no particular reason, is 
apt sooner or later to inquire, "What 
good does the Board of Trade do me, 
and what benefit do I derive from the 
annual fee contributed to its support?" 
Such a member yields a reluctant re- 
sponse to demands for public service, 
and has a scant appreciation of the good 
of the comnumity as opposed to his own 
private emolument. 

The Board of Trade has no existence 
outside its mem])ership, except by the 
merest legal fiction. You, gentlemen, 
are the Board of Trade, and its efficiency 
is the measure of your interest, and of 
your aid in whatever public service it 
seeks to do. The past year has been 
one of marked growth, in numbers and 
resources. Interest in the work of the 
Board, both in what it has done and 
what it ought to do, has been greatly 
(.|uickened among its members and in the 
connnunity. New methods have been 
adopted, and the position of the Board 
as a permanent and active organization 



necessary to the fullest development of 
our city, has become more firmly estab- 
lished. To maintain that position in the 
future, and to secure to the Board the 
greatest measure of infiuence, it should 
soon consider the advisalnlity of provid- 
ing a suitable and permanent home of 
its own in more central location, either 
by the erection of a building, which 
would add to the architectural adorn- 
ment of the city and might prove a 
source of income, to be known as the 
Board of Trade building, or by interest- 
ing others in the erection of such a build- 
ing, in which a portion shall be set apart 
to the uses of the Board of Trade. In 
many cities, edifices are owned by their 
boards of trade, and in one city of this 
Commonwealth a syndicate are about to 
erect a building named for the board of 
trade and partially devoted to its pur- 
poses. 

The Board of Trade can only exist by 
continued activity. The coming year 
should see the tentative plans of this 
year brought to perfected maturity, and 
other and broader plans proposed. No 
aim less lofty should satisfy the civic 
pride of a Worcester citizen than the 
high and worthy ambition to make Wor- 
cester the model nnmicipality of the 

world. 

RUFUS B. FOWLER, 

President \\^)rcester r>oanl of Trade. 



'-^'S^J^t^ 





308 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 




BANK BUILDING, ii FOSTER STREET. 



President, RUFUS B. FOWLER. 

Treasurer, GILBERT K 



OFFICERS. 

Vice-President, ROGER F. UPHAM. 
. RAND. Secretary, CHARLES E. SOUIER. 



Directors. 



William Hari', 
Irving E. Comins, 
Edwin P. Curtis, 
Roger F. Upham, 
Geo. W. Mackintire, 



illLTOX p. HiGGINS, 

John C. MacInnes, 
John R. Back, 
Hon. C. G. Washburn, 
RuFus B. Fowler, 



W. M. Spaulding, 
Edw. M. Woodward, 
Waltp:r H. Blodget, 
James H. Whittle, 
William H. Inman, 



Henry F. Harris, 
James E. Orr, 
William W. Johnson, 
George C. Whitnev, 
R. James Tatman. 



Cie?-k of the Corporation, H. Ward Bates. 



Auditor. Charles A. Chase. 



Chairmen of 

Advisory Comiiiittec, Hon. Joseph H. Walker. 
MembersJiip, William W. Johnson. 
Ways and Means, Milton P. Higgins. 
Manufactures, Hon. Chas. G. Washburn. 
Meetings and Receptiofts, Henry F. Harris. 
Mercantile Affairs., John C. MacInnes. 
Transportation and Railroads, W. H. Blodget. 



Committees. 

Statistics and Information. G. W. Mackintire. 
Arbitration, Lyman A. Ely. 
Legislation, John R. Back. 
Neiu Enterprises, R. James Tatman. 
Municipal Affairs. Edward M. Woodward. 
Taxation and Insurance, Roger- F. Upham. 
Foreign Trade, Edwin P. Curtis. 



Board of Trade Notes. 



At the annual meeting Henry F. Har- 
ris, Francis H. Dewey^ Hon. Ellery B. 
Crane, Harlan P. Duncan and Lyman A. 
Ely retired from the Board of Directors 
under the rule permitting only four con- 
secutive years of service. Henry F. Har- 
ris was re-elected, having served a par- 
tial term to fill a vacancy, and James E. 
Orr, William W. Johnson, George C. 
Whitney and R. James Tatman were 
elected as directors. 

The reports of the president, secre- 
tary, treasurer and various committees 
submitted at the annual meeting will be 
furnished the members in pamphlet 
form. 

The annual banquet on April 19th 
was attended by over 300 members. 
The Hon. George F. Hoar was the 
special guest of honor, and the Board 
had as its other guests Mayor O'Con- 
nell. Charles E. Adams, president of the 
Massachusetts State Board ; Xathaniel 



Paine, Herbert Parker, Esq.. and Rev. 
Mncent E. Tomlinson. 

Senator Hoar, at the annual banquet, 
made an eloquent appeal in behalf of the 
Devens statue ; Xathaniel Paine read an 
interesting paper upon the "Worcester 
Common," and addresses were made by 
Mayor O'Connell. Charles E. Adams, 
Herbert Parker and Rev. \'incent E. 
Tomlinson. 

Some changes were made in the va- 
rious committees at the }kla_\ meeting of 
the directors : Walter H. Blodget suc- 
ceeds Edwin P. Curtis as chairman of 
the Committee on Transportation and 
Railroads, and ]Mr. Curtis was appointed 
chairman of the Committee on Foreign 
Trade. John R. Back succeeds Hon. 
Ellery B. Crane as chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Legislation, and R. James 
Tatman succeeds Harlan P. Duncan as 
chairman on the Committee on Xew En- 
terprises. 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



309 



At the regular meeting of the (hrec- 
tors a Committee on Foreign Trade was 
appointed, consisting of Edwin P. Cur- 
tis, Edward M. A\'oodward, Milton P. 
Higgins, John R. IJack and Lewis H. 
Torrey. 

The directors, at the ]\Iay meeting, 
appointed a new committee, to be called 
the Advisory Committee, containing 
twenty members. The purpose of ap- 
pointing this committee is to place a 
body of public-spirited citizens, who 
have shown an active interest in the wel- 
fare of the cit}' and in the success of the 
Board of Trade, in closer official con- 
nection with the work of the Board than 
is afforded by the mere fact of member- 
ship. The appointment of a member 
upon this conmiittee is an invitation for 
such advice and suggestions as may be 
helpful to the Board. 

The Advisory Committee, appointed 
by the directors at the Alay meeting, 
consists of the following members : 
Hon. Joseph H. Walker. Hon. Stephen 
Salisbury, Charles H. Morgan, Hon. 



Edwin T. Marble, Samuel R. Heywood, 
A\'illiam E. Rice, Joseph R. Torrey, Jo- 
siah H. Clarke, Hon. Augustus B. R. 
Sprague, Hon. Henry A. Alarsh, Orlan- 
do W. Norcross. Dr. G. Stanley Hall, 
Hon. EUery B. Crane, G. Henry Whit- 
comb, Matthew J. Whittall, C. Henry 
Hutchins, A. George Bullock, Calelj 
Colvin, Edward 1. Comins, Arthur M. 
Stone. 

The report of the special committee 
on the Devens statue contained a plan 
for the raising of funds, which has been 
adopted l)y the directors. 

The secretary has received a commti- 
nication from the Buffalo Business 
Men's Association which gives the in- 
formation that their organization had 
established a Bureau of Information at 
Uank of Commerce building, 215-217 
Main street, Buffalo, for the conven- 
ience of visitors. Those who wish ac- 
commodations at the ] 'an- American Ex- 
])Osition may connnunicate with this 
bureau. R. A. Eaton, superintendent. 



Bankinp; Facilities of Worcester. 



NATIONAL BANKS. 



BITIZENS' NATIONAL BANK, 342 Main Street. Incorporated as a State Bank in 1836: as a 
National Bank in 1S64. Capital $150,000; surplus $82,000. Dividends April i and October i ; 

rate past year, 6 per cent. President, Henry S. Pratt; Cashier, George A. Smith; Directors, 
Henry S. Pratt, Georg-e B. Buckingham, Samuel E, Winslow, John C. Maclnnes, William H. 
Crawford, Burton H. Wright, Herbert Parker. 

IfajIRST NATIONAL BANK, 474 Main Street. Incorporated in 1S63. Capital $300,000; sur- 
ILBI j)lus and undivided profits :S240,SS9. Dividends May i and November i; rate past year, 10 
percent. President, Albert H. Waite; Cashier, Gilbert K. Rand; Directors, Arthur P. Rugg, 
Ransom C. Taylor, William H. Sawyer, Albert H. Waite, Orlando W. Norcross, William H. In- 
man, ]. Russef Marble, Frederick E.'Reed. 



m 



ECHANICS' NATIONAL BANK, 311 Main Street. Incorporated in 1865. Capital $200,000; 

surplus and undivided profits 857,327. Dividends April i and October i; rate past year, 
4 per cent. President, Francis H. Dewey; Cashier, Albert H. Stone; Assistant Cashier, M. H. 
Lowe; Directors, Francis H. Dewev, Stephen Sawver, Charles A. Hill. Thomas B. Eaton, Stephen 
Holman, G. M. Bassett, W. M. Spaulding, B. W. Childs. 



rfWlORCESTER NATIONAL BANK, 9 Foster Street. Incorporated as a State Bank in 1804; as 
iij| a Natitmal Bank in 1S64. Ca])ital $250,000; surplus and undivided profits $225,000. Dividends 
April and October; rate past year, 8 percent. President, Stephen Salisbury; Cashier, James P. 
Hamilton; I)irectors. Stepheri Salisbury, A. George Bullock, Charles A. Chase, Lincoln N. Kin- 
nicutt, Josiah H. Clarke, James P. Hamilton, Edward L. Davis. 



310 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



SAFE DEPOSIT AND TRUST COMPANY. 



m 



ORCESTER SAFE DEPOSIT AND TRUST COMPANY, 448 Main Street. Incorporated 
in iS63. Capital 8200,000; surplus 8100,000. Dividends January, April, July and October; 
rate past year, 6 per cent. President. Edward F. Bisco; Secretary and Treasurer, Samuel H. 
Clarj-; Directors, John H. Coes, Edwin T. Marble, Edward F. Bisco, Kenrj- F. Harris, Charles 
S. Barton, Charles A. Williams. 



SAVINGS BANKS. 



HHEOPLE'S SAVINGS BANK, 452 Main Street. Incorporated in 1S64. Deposits SS. 719.373; 
1 guaranty fund 834^.000: surplus 891,473. Interest payable February and August 15. De- 
posits go on interest February, May, August and November i ; rate past year, 4 per cent. Presi- 
dent, Samuel R. Heywood; Treasurer. Charles M. Bent; Investment Committee, Samuel R. 
Heywood, Thomas M. Rogers, Edwin T. Marble, Albert W. Gifford, William W. Johnson. 



pnlORCESTER FIVE CENTS SAVINGS BANK. 314 Main Street. Incorporated in 1S54. 
ILaII Deposits 87,856,811; guaranty fund y22(j,ooo; surplus 8104,573. Interest payable January- 
and Julv i. Deposits go on interest January, April, July and October i; rate past year, 4 per 
cent. President, Elijah B. Stoddard; Treasurer, J. Stewart Brown; Investment Committee, 
Elijah B. Stoddard, Stephen Sawyer, Gilbert J. Rugg, Henry M. Witter. 

pnlORCESTER MECHANICS' SAVINGS BANK, 311 Main Street. Incorporated in 1S51. 
lilil Deposits 87,293,151 ; guaranty fund 8215,100. Deposits go on interest January-, April, Ju'y 
and October 15. President, Augustus B. R. Sprague; Treasurer, Henry \\'oodward; Investment 
Committee, John H. Coes, Thomas B. Eaton, A. B. R. Sprague, Eli J. Whittemore, Francis H, 
Dewey. 




PAN = = RAM 
KODAKS 



FOR THE 




p^>: .A.:MERTCvA>r p::xp()si Tio^s^ 



The No. I Pan-o-ram Kodak costs but 8S.00, takes a picture 2] x 7 in., and includes an 
angle of about 140 degrees. Just the thing for a trip to Buffalo. 



Langdon B. Wheaton, >^ 366 Main Street. 



4- 

i 

I 

4' 

!■ 

4 

•i 



stoves/ranges. 



^■fer^'«s-»i%>i-»i^£=r*i'4i'S^'iir^'^^r»i'^»5''^r^'fe*'sr^N 



j\Iany little used, Good as New 
(with water front or tank). . . . 

All Kiiiiis for Heatiiii.' or ('onkiiisr. 



9 

I 



PRINTING PRESSES, USED, AMATEUR TYPE OUTFITS 

Wholesale T^T/'^^V/'^T TP ^ New or used. All fullv guaranteed 

or Retail 



BICYCLES. 
C. E. Sebbens, ''^llf.r 11=13 VINE ST. I 



All kinds of Repairing done right, 'i 



s 



NEW HOWE, DROP-HEAD, BALL-BE.'^RING. Te:i-year gr.a:anlee, 825: 
others §20. Many tirst-class; used, but all right. : : : : 



9 

t 
9 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



311 



|. \V. Bishop, Pros. \V. T. Bishop, Vice-Pres. H. N. Leach, Treas. Geo. E. Hlssev, Sec'y. 

General ^ 

Contractors 



J. W. Bishop Co. 




Bank, Store 
and Office 

Fittings. 

Cabinet Work 
and 

Architectural 

Iron=Work. 





IS B P S ^ ■ 








And Manufacturers 
of All Kinds of 

First= 
Class 
Interior 
Finish. 



Residence of H. H. Cook, Esq , Lenox, Mass. 
Peahodv A; Stearns, Architects. 




mtkcB an^ ffactorv^ 107 Jfoetcr Street, wnorcester, HDass. 

Providence, K. L, No. 417 Butler Exchange. Boston, .Mass., No. 40S Excliange B\iilding. 

Montreal, P. Q^, No. 34 Canada Life Buildinsr. 




listablisliL-d 1S71. Incorporated li^^^. 

HARRINGTON & RICHARDSON ARMS CO., 

flDanufacturcrs of 

FIP^E.AF.MS. 

Descriptive Catalogue on request. WORCESTER. MASS.. U. S. A. 



ALEXANDER C. MUNROE, 

expert Underwriter, 

492 Main Street, Worcester, Mass. 




Adui'ce furnished gratis, and 
Insurance placed on all insurable 
property, at lowest current rates. 



Tfleplioiif ill offiie and residenre. 




COMPETENT CRITICS HAVE SAID OF US, "THERE ARE NO BETTER 
PRINTERS THAN THESE." WE ARE PREPARED TO ARRANGE WITH 
A FEW MORE LARGE USERS OF GOOD PRINTING, AND CAN GIVE THEM 
THE KIND OF SERVICE AND ADVICE IN PRINTING THAT THEY EXPECT 
FROM A FIRST-CLASS LAWYER IN LEGAL MATTERS. BUSINESS MEN WHO 
DO NOT WISH TO EXPERIMENT FOR THE SAKE OF SAVING A DOLLAR 
OR TWO ARE INVITED TO CONSULT US WHEN THEY REQUIRE GOOD 
PRINTING OF ANY KIND. WE BELIEVE WE CAN IMPROVE YOUR PRINTING 

F. S. BLANCHARD & CO., 34 FRONT STREET 



260 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



Collins ^ Soutbwortb, 


M 


The Preble Improved 


k^L 


Cushioned Boot 


m 


Is just wliat Ladies of to-day 
should wear, that is, if the ladies 
wish to keep their feet nat- 
ural shape, as our boots are 
made on lasts that allow the 
foot to have its natural shape, 
and therefore ijivinij all comfort 
that can possibly be had in a 
ooot. Thev tit most feet and fit 
them perfectly. 


I^HP 


Price $3.50. 


flHH 


Also Oxfords, $2.C0. 


|HHK 


^*^%5,^ 


^^HES 


In Men's we liave the 


WMm 


Forbush Cushion Shoe 


W/mm 


Price, $5.00, 


10^ 


And the same can be said for 
Men's that has been said of 
Ladies'. 


7TToAZZ: 533 Main St. 



D 



i^ 



ONT Forget to come and see 
us when in need of a pair of 

^ SHOES. 

Full Line of Ladies', Men's 
Misses' and Children's. . . . 



FELIX ST. AinOUR & CO., 

128 Front Street, 0pp. Trumbull, Worcester. 
Tull line of Packard's Shoes for lUen Only. 

Hotel du Nord, 

MARTIN TRULSON, Prop. 

American and European Plans. 

39, 41, 43 Summer Street, 

WORCESTER, MASS. 



HERBERT HALL 

A Home for the Care and Treatment of 
Persons Afflicted with Mental Diseases. 



For Terms, Etc., Address 

MERRICK BEMIS, M. D., HERBERT HALL, 
Assistant Physician, John M. Bemis. 

Salisbury Street, «^ Worcester. 

Xllnion Xaunbr^ 

and Clean Towel Supply. 

7-15 Prescott St. 

\Ve are prejiared, after years of experience and experi- 
menting, to do laundry work as it ought to be done, and if 
you want your work done in a superior manner by practical 
and experienced hands, send it to us, as our work is second 
to none in the country. You will find less wear and tear, 
and we think better work, than you have ever had done 
before. 

Our Clean Towel Supply is by far the best in the city. 
We were the first to introduce it and have never allowed 
anyone to surpass us in quality or service. 

D. A. Scott, J. H. Dawson, 
Tt'lephone 934-3. Proprietors. 

J. S. Wesby & Sons 
good Bookbindiitfl 

At Reasonable Prices. 

t^* ^* 5,^ 5^* (<?• 

3$7 main Street, « so foster Street, 

Worcester, Mass. 



Choice .... 
Building Lots 

Stephen Salisbury, 

9 Main Street, £' Worcester 



In the vicinitv of Insti- 
tute Park, "Wor. Art 
Museum, Polytechnic 
Institute, also Massa- 
chusetts Avenue, Rut- 
land Terrace, etc. . . . 



Established iS^i. 

C. REBBOLI & SON, 

Confectioners and Caterers, 

444 Main Street, Worcester. 

I.ong Distance Telephone Connection. 



THE WORCESTER MACiAZIXE. 



313 



Blank Books and Office Supplies 

Patent Flat-opening Blank Hooks. 
Loose Leaf Ledger and Filing l>evices. 




The place to hire or buy 

your Boats and 

Canoes is at 

A. A. COBURN'S 

BOATHOUSE, 

LINCOLN PARK. 



g AY STATE HOUSE, 

. . . Timorccstcr, /llbass. . . . 

Ladies' and Gentlemen s Cafe. 

FRA>-K r. r>oucir,ASi^s, rKOPKiKTou. 
Gr;iduated Prices. First-Class in every respect. 

Hlrvator. Steam Heated Thronohont. 



Graton & Knight Mfg. Co. 

TANNERS AND MAKERS OF 

OAK LEATHE'K 'BELTING 

WORCESTER, MASS. 

S<-n.l ti.r D.s. iii)ti\c Circulars. ( apital, $1,000.(100 
FMalilislii'il IS.M. 



STEPHEN C. EARLE. 



CLELLAN W. FISHER. 



EARLE & FISHER, 

ARCHITECTS, 
WORCESTER, MASS. 

OFFICES: 
ROOM 718, STATE MUTUAL BUILDING. 




Me have never 

shown so many stylish Spring Suits as now. 
We've told you a great deal about them. We 
have a magnificent line at 

$ 1 5.0 

Nowhere can you equal any of them. Made 
in Black Cheviot, Thibets, Fancy Check, and 
Stripe Worsted. 
(Our methods of business protect you at every 
])oint.) 

2). 1l3. lEames Company?, 

nP.im an^ jFroiit Street--. 



314 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



THE INStJKANCE OFFICE OF 



WASHBUR?^, ^VJZvI.rS, GREE?^B * BATES 



%VAS ESTABLISHED !>• 1843. 



We make the Insurance of Manufacturing Plants a specialty. Sprinkler rates furnished. Employers' 
Liability Insurance. Steam Boiler and Use and Occupancy Insurance. Only the oldest and most 
responsible companies represented. 405 MAIN ST., WORCESTER. 




ORCESTER MUTUAL 
FIRE insurance" CO. 



377 MAIN STREET 

WORCESTER. 

Hischest grade of Mutual Fire In- 
surance. Established -5 years, with a 
steady, handsome dividend record for 
policy-holders. 



Tatman & 
1 arK^ ^ « « 



R. James Tat.m.\n. 
Geo. a. Park. 



IR0. -no lOiain Street, 1Room IRo. 2. 
^clepbonc, 329=5. . . . 



.AVORCESTER, MA.SS. 



AVe give prompt personal attention to every detail. 
Your patronage is respectfully solicited. 



N. A. Harrington, 

llnsurance. 

492 MAIN ST.. WORCESTER. MASS. 



Room 1 5, 

CLARK'S Block. 



Telephone 

Connection. 



Established 1855. 

^ : ^ 

Incorporated 1S94. 

L. HARDY COMPANY, 

Machine Knives 

OF ALL KINDS. DIE and 
. . . PLATED STOCK. 

9 Mill Street, Worcester, Mass. 

H, G. BARR & CO., 



Sensitive -^ -^ 
Drilling Machines, 

51 Union Street, Worcester, Mass 



Special flDacbinerv 
ant' jFmc Cools 
Co OrJcr. . . . 



Lonsj Di>t. Tel. 



CHAS. E. GRANT, 



FIRE iivsura:xce. 



State MrTCAi. 13l-ii:,di>-g. WORCESTER. 



flDawbinne^ Xast do. 



Manufacturers of 



Boot and Shoe 

M Lasts. 

factors, JSrocftton, /Bbass. ^Boston ©fficc, 
56 Xincoln St.. IRoom 2). 

S. PORTER & CO., 

Last Manufacturers, 

No. 25 Union St., Worcester. 

Boston Office, 1S3 Essex St., Room 703. 



R. L. GOLBERT, ^ 



Manufacturer ot 



LASTS. 

Factory, 19 Church Street, Worcester, Mass. 



Boston Office, 59 Lincoln Street, cor. Essex. 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 315 

Business and Professional Cards. 



DENTISTS. 



Frank P. Barnard, D. M. D. 

DE.NTIST. 

The Treatment of Children's Teeth a Specialty. 

Room 10^, 405 Main St., Worcester, Mass. 

Dr. E. C Gilman, 

DENTIST. 

Best Gold Crown Made, $5. Bridgework, Per Tooth, $5. 
405 Main Street, 

Room 115, Walker Buildin":, Worcester, Mass. 

ELECTRICITY AND BATHS. 

DR. COLES 

Private Electro-Vapor Bathrooms. 

Many years of constant use of Electricity 
and Electro-Vapor Baths have demonstrated 
the value of these agents in the treatment of 
many diseases, both acute and chronic. . . . 

We cure Dyspepsia, Sick Headache, Liver and Kidney 
Complaints, ^lalaria. Rheumatism, Lumbago, Insomnia, 
Paralysis and Nervous Prostration. 

Just the thing- for that bad cold or the " Grippe." 

No danger of taking cold after the baths. 



W. E. COLE, M. D., 



Established in 1SS4. 
Telephone 1037 5. 



^ 554 Main St. 



PAINTER. 



House Painting and Interior Decorating. 
Shop, 66 thomas St., Worcester. 

Having enlarged my business 1 am now prepared to give 
my customers prompt attention and first-class work in all 
branches of House Painting and Decorating. 

PATENT SOLICITOR. 

RuFus Bennett Fowler, 

expert in Patent Causes. 



3 Tuckerman St., Worcester. 

STABLE. 

RANDALL'S 

Boarding, Livery and Sale Stable. 

Family and Driving Horses a Specialty. A line 
of Rubber-tired X'ehicles. 

\IA Front Street. 



PRINTERS. 



F. S. BLANCHARD ^ CO. 

Printers of eocrytbing Printable. 

34 FRONT STREET. 
UNDERTAKERS. 



pfTT"^ Ben. J. Bernstrom, 

Embalmer. 




Undertaker and 



Telephone. Justice of the Peace. 
Office, Ulareroonts and Kesidence, 
113 Thomas St. 



F. A. CASWELL & CO., 

UNDERTAKE.RS, 

21 Pearl Street, Worcester, Mass. 

Telephone Connections. Residence. 3 Harvard St 

Geo. Sessions &. Sons, 

Turnishlnfl Tuncral Directors, 

7 & 9 Trumbull Street, Worcester, 

Telephone 464. Night IJell. 

\V. E. Sessions, Residence, 62 West St., Tel. 740. 

F. E. Sessions, Residence, 17 Germain St., Tel. S40. 

PICTURE FRAMER. 

L A. DWINELL, 

Gilder and Picture-Framer, 

Dealer in all kinds of Oak and Gilt 
Moulding. Special Designs made 
to order in Gold, Silver or Orna- 
mented Oak. Stained Engravings 
Bleached and Restored 



89 Exchang:e Street, Worcester, Mass. 



STENOGRAPHER AND TYPEWRITER. 



EDNA 1. TYLER, 
Stenographer and Typewriter, 

rss and ^34 Jtate Mutual Building, 
a a 340 Main Street, 

TELEPHONE 98r-4. WORCESTER. MASS. 



316 



THE WORCESTER ^[AGAZIXE 



Q. H. Cutting & Company, 



BUILDING ^ ^ 
CONSTP^UCTION. 



WORCESTER, MASS. ^ Boston Office, 64 Federal Street. 




'^^^^^ 







Faniiiiiuliiii Aiiiiui c onarcoational Churcli, Ilartfc-ird, c^>im, l-.iiu-i I'la-u, Airiuint, .\i\\ \iiik 



ARE YOU 

UP TO YOUR 

ANKLES 

IN MUD? 



CONCRETE CONTRACTOR. 



GEORGE W. CARR, 

518 Main Street, a Worcester, Mass. 



a £J ROOFING. £} 



GRANOLITHIC 

WALKS 

WILL KEEP YOU 

OUT OF IT. 



metropolitan Stables. ^'^^^^ "afcf Boarding 

Harrington & Bro., D. A. Harrington, Prop. 

nos. 31, 33 and 3s Central St., Ulorccstcr. 

Hacks for Parties and Funerals. Telephone. 

"°BSn°g"^^,d^eSg. metropolitan Shops. 



J. II. W.'isuHUKN, Prcs. C S. Ca.MMN, 8tc. \- Treas. 

Washburn & Garfield Manufacturing Co., 

W'hiiU-aK- aii.l Hctail Df.iU is in 

WROUGHT IRON and BRASS PIPE. 

Sti'am, Gas and Water Supplies. .Mi-chanical 
ami Ilcatiiii;' Eng'incers. Steam Cdiislruclioii. 

/-"osti-r ^trec-1 , Al'oroo.stcr, .^/.t.'.s.'j. 




PERBt ^AUVANIZED JRON V^ORK. 

Cornice:;Skyuohts,Ventilators,Finials. 
Eaves, Trou&h, Conductor Pipe 






Phone 
754-4 



Cor. BlacKstone and Charles Sts., Worcester, Mass 



State Mutual Life 
Assurance 
Company, 



IVorcesterj Mass. 



Incorporated 18^4. 







Assets, . . $17,777,848.41 
Liabilities, . 15,924,344.76 

Surplus, . . $1,853,503.65 









A. G. Bullock, President. H. M. Witter, Secretary. 



THE WORCESTER 



HE library' ■" 
CONGRESS 

WC COMtc Rtctivt . 

UL. 8 1901 

<30PYR/GHT ENTHy 
COPY :i. ' 



MAGAZmE 



JUNE 
1901 



DEVOTED TO 

3oob Cttisensbip anb municipal Development 

WORCESTER. MASS. 



Joseph 9f. 9/fu/r, ^; 



274 9^atn St., Tl^orcester. 



'aker of J/ne and 
T^ed/um-'Sraeie Shirts, 



z-t 



^us/ness Shirts, 6 for S7, SO. 

LADIES' SHIRT WAIST PATTERNS. 



New Acme 
Plating Co. 

31 HERMON STREET, 



GOLD, SILVER, NICKEL, ALUMINUM AND ZINC 

PLATING. 

Electro-Plating in all its Branches. Table-ware, Jewelry, Bird Cages, Fire- 
Arms, Machinery Models, Bicycles Polished and Plated. Polishing, 
Bronzing:, Lacquering of all kinds. Particular attention given to Jewelers* 
« > . . "AH Work Hand Finished. 



Work and Band Instrumerfts. 



WORCESTER, MASS. 



CENTRAL STORAGE COMPANY, 



Office, 36 PEARL ST. 



Storage Rooms, 8, JO, 12 and J 4 Malberry St*' 




fJoase2xoid 

BxiTTkitVLTGt 

Pianos, 
Bric-a-Brao and ' 

Slerobaadise 
of Every 

Description , 

STORED 

in clean, airy and well- 
attended apartments, se- 
curely locked. Careful, 
competent and courteous ; 
men, light, commodious , 
and well-padded vans. 
No destruction of house- 
hold effects guaranteed ; 
in packing, moving and ; 
storing. 



Open Storage Rate, 50c. per Month. 

E. L. DANFORTH, 



Private Rooms, $1.00 per Month Up. 



^ Office, Se PBARL ST. 

Telephone 1163-2. House and Stable, 20 Hudson St., Telephone 885-4. 



Have Your Carpets Dusted at the 

Worcester Carpet Dusting Works, 

J. C. WATERS, Proprietor. 

Old Carpets Bought and Sold. Feathers Renovated by 

Steam. Take Notice. All orders should be left 

at Bemis & Co.'s Shoe Store, 423 Main St., 

or addressed to 

Curtis Street, Telephone Con. Ncw Worcester. 

ESTABLISHED iSjO. 

ARCADE MALLEABLE IRON GO. 

WARREN MCFARLAND «; CO. 

J/Ialleable Iron and Steel Castings, 

WORCESTER, MASS. 

0pp. Union Faaeenger Station. GEO. B. Buckingham, Prop. 




Warren Alexander, 

Manufacturer of 

Billiard and Pool Tables^ 

WITH PITENT STEEL CUSHIONS. 

586 Main Street, Worcester, Mass.] 

TELEPHONE. 



SSVW 'a31S3D>I0M 



'f'LL6 9uo^6^\9l 



•o\ papuaHB Kiiduiojd jieui Aq siap^o '^l' 'swnB3j3 Mopni^ 
'SJa^uiBj joj 'pjojjEDS Aiopai^Y •^W^S 1"31M .sjapunes Jo aaxtn 
-DBjnuBj^ puB joauaAuj •H.'OAV 'i^are^ 'spuiij \xe jo Saiqsiaijj 
puB Smiimayi ajn^iuanj uaAO apeui puu jspio oj S3ss3j;;ep^ 



•33IJJ0 isod jBaKi 'laaais Niisnv s 

•j9J[ajsioqdQ uio;sn3 



cii QV]y 01 isnr dONnouv sihi Nuni noA qiq ahm 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



317 



^'rtWiAAWww»rtA^vwtf*wywwwwtf«w^tf«vwwvwwywrftf^f'yw'*w«Wf^^ 



i 



'■'■'<' -C' 




■-^^^ 



WORKS OF 



F, E. REED COMPANY, Worcester, Mass. 

MANUFACTURERS OF MACHINE TOOLS. | 



John C. MacInnes Company, 

454, 456, 458, 460, 462, 464, 466 Main Street 

THE POPULAR DRY GOODS DEPARTMENT STORE. 

OCCUPYING 3 ENTIRE BUILDINGS OPPOSITE CITY HALL. 



STREET FLOOR. 

2)re8s jFabiics, 

Imported and American Cotton Materials 
for Dresses. Silks and Velvets. 



Colored and Novelty Dress Goods. 
Wash Goods. Black Dress Good: 

Dress Linings, Trimmings. 



Gloves, Hosiery, Laces, 
Ladies' and Gents' Neckwear, Etc. 



Standard Fashion Co.'s Patterns. 



SECOND FLOOR. 

READY-TO-WEAR GARMENTS 

OF ALL KINDS. 

An Immense Business and Superb Stock of 
Overgarments and Undergarments. 

THIRD FLOOR. 

The Greatest IVIillJnery Dept, 

Trimmed Hats. 

Untrimmed Hats and Millinery Goods. 

Wholesale and Retail. 

Draperies and Lace Curtains. 



218 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE, 



Crompton 6Knowles 
Loom Works 

WORCESTE,K, MASS. '^''""%ToVi}e'nce, R. I. 




fta^ 
















Knowles Fancy Worsted Loom. 



Looms 
Jacquards 
Dobbies 
Combs 



The Worcester Magazine 



CONTENTS FOR JUNE, igoi, 



Frontispiece— THE MAYOR OF WORCESTER 
THINGS NOW IN THE PUBLIC MIND 
STREET PAVEMENTS .... 

INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION .... 
WORSHIP OF THE GOLDEN CALF 
WORCESTER'S OLD COMMON, ETC. 
SOME SUGGESTIONS FOR MUNICIPAL 

REFORM 

GENERAL CHARLES DEVENS . 

PUBLIC SPIRIT 

BOARD OF TRADE NOTES 



Wriciii S. Prior 
Hknkv WduD 

Nathaniel Paine, A. M. 



J. EvARTS Greene 
E.x-President R. B. Haves 
George French 



335 
336 
339 
345 
346 
347 

355 
35S 
359 
363 



Terms : $2.00 a year ; single copies, 20 cents. For sale b\' newsdealers. Published Monthly 
by the Board of Trade of Worcester, Mass., and printed by F. S. Blanchard & Co. Committee 
on Publication, Rufus B. Fowler, G. Stanley Hall, Irving E. Comins. Address all communications 
to II Foster street, Worcester, Board of Trade Rooms, Copyright 1901 by Worcester Board of 
Trade. Entered at the Post Office, Worcester, Mass., as second-class matter, May 10, looi. 



^ 






320 THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



STANDARD FOUNDRY COMPANY 



Iron Founders. 

Special attention given to the 
Manufacture of High Grade 

Machinery Castings, 



TAINTER AND GARDNER STREETS, WORCESTER. 





m 


JEROME f 
MJRBLE & CO., 3 

JSoston anD "Waorccster. 

...Ois, Starches, Dyestuffs, ... 

PAINTS AND PAINTERS' SUPPLIES. 

THE PROCTER & GAMBLE CO. 
AVjJiiMia.— ^j^g HARKNESS & CAWING CO. 

RED OILS. 







Norcross 6 Company, 

(^^omractors ana Bulldm. 



(Arthur W. Norcross.) 



* * * 

+ T 'r- 

LARGE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE WORK A SPECIALTY. 



GENERAL OFFICES: 

183 Essex St., Boston. 1001 Main St., Worcester. 

LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE. 

A. S. Miller, Jr., Treasurer. R. II. Brown, Chief Engineer. 

Eastern Bridge and Structural Co. . . . 

MtsSfor'r t"" I, Steel and Iron frame Uf ork 

Ct:4-/>/>T ¥ FOR BUILDINGS, ROOFS, RAILROAD 

J^lwwl \\ AND HIGHWAY BRIDGES. 

Structural 

iRHOrK Description. 



Plans and LStiniates furnislied. Write us. 

General Offices: 5$ Troitt St., Uforccster, Illass. 

Works beside tracks of Fitchburg and B.&M. Railroads, 
Worcester, Mass. 



THE WORCESTER MACAZIXE 



321 



Fair Trading Makes Fast Friends. 

OUR MERCHANDISE IS SOLD ON 
THIS BASIS. 



Men's Suits for Dress and Business Wear, 
Boys' Suits with Long Trousers, 
Boys' Suits with Short Trousers, 



$7.00 to $25.00 
$5.00 to $15.00 
$2.00 t" $8.00 



^ IN JUVENILE SUITS ^ 

We carry the chcncest line of Novelties. 

Sailor and Russian Blouse Suits, .... 

An endless variety of Wash Goods, ages 3 to ii years, 



$3.00 t.. $10.00 
$1.00 



Hats and Shoes for Man and Boy. 



Ware, Pratt Co,, 



Complete Outfitters 

for Man and Boy, 



STATE MUTUAL BUILDING. 



C. W. CLAFLIN & CO. 



^ 



Wholesale 
and Retail 
Dealers in 



Anthracite 

•and 
BituniinoLis 

CociL 







^ 



Coal Pockets, 
5 (jratton 
Street. 

Coal and 
Wood Yard, 
\o\ 

Shrewslnirv 
Street. 



<^ 



Gener.al Office, 

375 MAIN STRKKT, WORCESTER, MASS. 



T^^T^^T^ 



322 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 

ParKer*s Restaurants. 



384 Main Street, 
Telephone 472=5. 



LIVE LOBSTER. 
STEAMED CLAMS. 

OPEN DAY AND NIGHT. 



29 Washington Square, 
Telephone 431'=6. 




The place to hire or buy 

your Boats and 

Canoes is at 

A. A. COBDRN'S 

BOATHOUSE, 

LINCOLN PARK. 



gAYJTATEHOUSE, 

. . . Worcester, /libass. . . . 

Ladies' and Gentlemen s Cafe. 

FRANK P. DOUOLASS, Proprietor. 

Graduated PncfS. First-Class in every respect. 
Klcvator. Steam TKatcd Thrciuyhoiit. 



STEPHEN C. EARLE. 



CLELLAN W. FISHER. 



Graton d Knight Mfg. Co. 

TANNERS AND MAKERS OF 

OAK LEATHEK. 'BELTING 

WORCESTER, MASS. 
Send for Descriptive Circulars. Capital, .Sl.0OO.(»<U» 



Establislu'd IS.M. 



EARLE & FISHER, 

ARCHITECTS, 
WORCESTER, MASS. 



OFFICES: 
ROOM 718, STATE MUTUAL BUILDING. 




The Look of Your Suit 

depends largely upon yourself. Worn by an 
erect, alert man. one of our $13 suits will dis- 
count a $60 tailor-made suit on a man of care- 
less bearing. 

Yes this is a fad now to fasten the lowest 
buttoii-if you are for fads. Get on to them 
early and drop 'em when they become com- 
mon. 

Hot Weather Clothing all 
Ready for You. ^ ^ ^ ^ 

D. lb. Eaines Company. 

/roam an^ jfiont Streets. 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



323 



Norton Emery Wheel Co. 



^' 



■" 'T^ffWVFTp'^H" 



IPh 



f '"•'''•v—-"Yn\ 



-iijiinwii-i«i*i III I "»_:r_ 



•rifrrj 







1 >i IK ■!;•-; AN I) wimics at \\'<>k< i;--; ri:i;. .Ar.v^>^. 



CORUNDUM and EMERY WHEELS, 



EMERY WHEEL MACHINERY. 



INDIA OIL STONES. 



400 S«ilAI?E FEET OF FLOOR SPACE USED BV tJS AT OUR EXHIBIT AT THE P AX-AMERICAX EXPOSITIOX. 
1-IKlX ri.\ oi'I'OSITK MAIN EXXKAXCE, IX MAtlMNIIJ^ A M> T K'A XS Pi >KT A T ION linLI»IN»;, 



p lunger Elevato r Co., 



Safe, Long-Lived, Economical, 
High-Speed Passenger Eleva- 
tors a Specialty 




Hydraulic Plunger 

LEVATORS. £f 



OFFICE AND FACTORY. 

BARBE:I^'S, ^ ^ WORCE,STE,R, MASS. 

William Ht^land & Son, M 

168 Main Street. 



Mattress 
Manufacturers. 



All kinds of Bedding. Hair, Husk and 
Wool Mattresses. Springs, Comforters 
and Blankets. Iron and Brass Beds. 



Woven Wire and Spiral Springs Constantly on Hand. Hair Mattresses Made Over and 
Feather Beds Renovated and Returned the Same Day. Called for and delivered. 



324 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 









7, 




=^^^ AVIRE. =^^^= 

AA^iRE Cloth. I^oultry ^ettixo. 

AVIRE LvrHIXG. SCREWS. 

I^ivETs. Staples. I^iddles. 



"Worcester, ^Iass. 



C'liHAGO. III. 



F'almer. Mass. 



GOES WRENCH COMPANY, 



MANUFACTURERS OF 




PATENT SCREW 



WRENCHES 



WORCESTER. MASS. 



; 



I WORCESTER 
I MACHINE 
i SCREW CO., 



STANDARD 
SCREW CO. 
SUCCESSORS. 



Manufacturers of 



SET, CAP AND MACHINE 

SCREWS 



IN IRON, STEEL AND BRASS. 



$ STUDS FOR STEAM ENGINES, 
PUMPS, ETC. 



I 



Worcester, Mass. 



S. I. HOWARD, 



C^c»g:9 



Contractor, 
Builder. ^ 



(r^"'^^ 



estimates Turnisbcd en all Hinds cf lUcrk. 



Store Fronts in Heavy, Brick, Stone, or 
Iron Buildings a Specialty. 

PLA.TE GLA.SS !>' STOCK. 



Shop, Rear 63 Main St., Worcester. Mass. 



TELEPHOME 891-2. 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



325 




Biticitic 

Sbocmnfuna. 

lExclusivc 




Our 

llxctail Store: 

430 

riDain Street. 



OUR TRADE-MARK IS A GUARANTEE OF HONEST GOODS. 

JCei/woodSoot EzShoe Co, 

.MANUFACTURERS ()!■ l-IXK SHOES. 

WORCE-STE,I^, MASS. 

Samiki. R Hkvwood, Pres. Alhert S. IIlvwook. Xice-President and Treasurer. 



Bkktr-VM S. Xfwki.i,, Assistant Treasurer. 



McGloud, Crane & Minter Go. 

MILLED MACHINE SCREWS. 




Finished Case-Hardened Nuts, </* 
Semi-Finished Hexagon Nuts, Etc. 

X\. 5. S^•^n^;u■^ .ffinuh. WORCESTER, MASS. 

Duncan ^ Goodell £o., 

WHOLESALERS 
AND RETAILERS IN 

Hardware and Cutlery. 

We havf the finest line of Table and roi-kel Cutlery, 
also liiirbest jrrade of Scissors, includinj? all kinds from 
Finest Manicure Scissors to Tailors' Shears, to be seen in 
Worcester. 

We make a specialty of Builders' Hardware and Sup- 
plies, and carry m stock a large line of best quality door 
and window trimmina-s. 

404 Main Street, Cor. Pearl. 



To nuet the growing^ requirements, in W orcester and 
vicinity, for .... 

Smith Premier Typewriters, 

We have opened an office at 

:$ Burnsidc Bldc).. 
m Main Street 








Mr. .1. n. MooilhcacI 
Local representative. lie 
,vill be pleased to supply 
vdur every typewriter want 

Trlt'phonc (>".t."»-5. 



Cbc Smith Premier typewriter Co., 

Is;! |li'\oushiri' M.. Hosloii. ^lavs. 



H. M. WAITE, 



^^^^^^(tf^^r\(r^^^s>^ 



General f# 
Hardware, 



No. 189 Front Street, Worcester. 



326 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



Matthews 

Manufacturing 

Company, 

M ANUFACTURERS OF ... . 



4S 



^ 



STOVE TRIMMINGS, 
BICYCLE FITTINGS, 



» 



Steam=Pipe Collars, 

Ferrules and 

Sheet Metal Specialties. 



104 GOLD STREET, 
£} Worcester, Mass. 

A. T. MATTHEWS, Manager. 



U 



Queen of Sea 
Routes. 



To Old Point, Richmond, Washington, 
Norfolk and Baltinnore 



Merchants & Miners 
Transportation Co. 

steamship Lines from 
Boston and Providence. 



Accommodations and Cuisine Unsurpassed. 
Steamers New, Fast and Elegant. 

Send for Tllustratcd Booklet and Particulars. 



W. P. TURNER, 0. P. A. 

J. C. WHITNEY, T. M. 

A. D. STEBBINS. A. T. M. 

General Offices, Baltimore, nid. 



WM. H. EDDY CO. 





E. H. INGRAM. 

J. J. WEHIXGER. 

SI Exchange St. 
Worcester, Mass. 

We make a specialty of 

Turret Chucking Lathes. 

Sizes 22 in. to 60 in. Inclusive. Also 
Plain Gear Cutters. Shaft-Straightening 
Machines and Special Machinery, v** ^ 



new VorK : Cor. Spring and Ulooster Sts. 

Boston: 52 Ulashington Street. 



Wm. H. Burns 
... Company. 



CbicadO: 314 medinah temple. 

Philadelphia: 424 thompson Street. 




]y[anufacturers of 



RCbe 
oval muslin 

Undergariiients 

^^ FOR W OMEN AND 
"^iV CHILDREN^ Ji jt 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



327 



BOSTON & ALBANY R. R. 

N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Co., Lessee. 



Boston, June I, 1901. 



Rates and Conditions for ELxcursion Tickets 
to Buffalo or Niagara Falls and Return. 

Boston & Albany R. R. to Albany. New York Central & Hudson River R. R. to Buffalo 

or Niagara Falls. (Returning same way.) 

-Account of 

From Class A 

Boston . SiQ.oo 
So. Framingham 18.70 

Worcester 18.00 

Palmer 16.25 

Springfield 15.65 

Ware 16.75 

Winchendon 18.00 

COA'iJITrOA'S. 

Class A. On sale daily, and good for passage, in either direction, May ist to Oct. 2Sth, final limit Nov- 
2(1, and in Pullman Cars on pavment of additional charges tor such accommodations. 

Ciass H. On sale daily, and good for fifteen (15) days, including date of sale, and for continuous pas- 
sage onlv in each direction; and are non-transferable, requiring signature of ])urchaser, and must be 
stamped by agent at Bufl'alo or Niagara Falls before same will be good for return passage. Good in 
Pullman Cars on pavment of additional charges for such accommodations. 

Ciass C. On sale daily, and good for eight (S) days, including date of sale, and for continuous passage 
in each direction, and in day coach only, as per contract of ticket. Not good in Pullman Sleeping or 
Drawing Room Cars or on limited trains. Tickets are non-transferable, and require .signature of 
purchaser, and must be stamped by agent at Buffa!'> or Niagara Falls before same will be good for 
return passage. 

A. S. HANSON, General Passenger Agent. 



^N-A^ 


lERICAl 


V EXPOSITION ^'^ 


W 1st *o 


, litOl. 


Class B 


Class C 


From 


Class A 


Class B 


Class C 


S16.OO 


S12.OO 


Templeton 


$i-).oo 


§14-40 


S 1 0.40 


15-50 


11.60 


Athol 


16.90 


13-70 


10.45 


14.60 


11.00 


Westfield 


15.30 


12.50 


g.20 


13-30 


10.00 


Pittsfield 


13.70 


11.00 


7.75 


12.75 


9- 50 


North Adams 


i4.(J(i 


11.25 


8.00 


13-70 


10.40 


Chatham 


13.10 


10.10 


6.85 


14.50 


10.50 












MSM* 



Cash Buyers 



are satisfied that we save theln money, as we give a discount to equalize. ^ The 
addition to our second fioors of the large hall recently occupied by the U. V. L., 
makes us the 

^he Largest House Furnishers 

in Central Massachusetts, 



Three Entire BlocKs. 



517 to 527 Main Street. 



328 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 




OUR WAREROOM. 



EDWARD BATES, MANAGER. 

BATES PIANO 
COMPANY. 

2 WALNUT ST. 

STRICH & ZEIDLER PIANOS. 

WE HAVE NO OTHER STORE. PIANOS TUNED $2. 



AVE DO A.TL.T^ KIIS'DS OF 



P»RII^Ti:^G 



AND WK MEAX TO DO IT BETTEK THAN ANYONE 
X:]:.SE. OtTR PRICES ARE No MORE THAN OTHER 
FIRST-CLASS CONCERNS. IF YOU WANT UP-TO- 

DATE WORK, GIVK US A TRIAL. 

F. S. BLANCHARD cSj: CO. 

3-i KKONT STREKT, 



^. ^« 




46 Exchange Street. '"••■'"^";rt*sX::?t%oti<-e 

Family WaKliiiigs a Specialty. Telephone 1033-5. 



THOS. M. ROGERS, President. H. H. FAIRBANKS, Treasurer. 

W. H. COUGHLIN, Superintendent. 



DIRECTORS. Thomas M. Rogers, Stephen Salishury, Theodore C. Bates, I.oring Coes, 
A. B. R. Sprague, Josiah Pickett, Georg-e T. Dewey. 







i 1 II II II II II II II - II II II II II II II II 



iMfif lie IMilM 



II II II II II II II C-\^ 







:j?3.- 



KDMWM 



r* 



ARC, INCANDESCENT LIGHTS 
:::::: AND POWER. 



Office and Station, 



56 to 66 Faraday Street. 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE, 



329 



A. Rhodes, Manasrer. 



TeIe])hoiie 96Q-5. 



The J. A. Rhodes Carriage Co, 

Special Facilities for Painting 

and Repairing m all theif ^ 

Branches. ^ ,^ ,^ ,^ ^ 

loiio yiAiyr street. 



All work called for and delivered free of charge. 
Estimates furnished on application. 

Special styles built to ordtr. 

E, A, Uimme & Son, 

Established 1S54. 

DIE 5INKERS, ENGRAVERS 

steel Stamp and Stencil Cutters. Manufacturers of 
Seal Presses, Checks and Badges. 

554 Main Street, Telephone 103713. Worcester 



Subscribe for the . 



Worcester Magazine. 



H. M. CORBETT, 



3^ 

Business and Delivery 
(Uagons for Sale. 



Tine Carriage Repairing a Specialty. 



Commercial Street, Cor. Foster, 

WORCESTER, MASS. 

UNION WATER METER CO. 



J. V. K. OTIS, 

Pres. and Manager 
EOW. P. KIXG, 

Treas. and Supt. 

Water 
Meters. 




WORCESTER, 
MASS. 



The T. H- Baekley Iianeh Wagon 



Estiblished 1SS9. 

Incorporated 1S97. 

Telephone 6S0. 



Xielit LiiiK'li Wasroiis of Every 
Description KOK SALE or TO 
LET 



IVIangfacturing & Catering Co. 



Patentees, Designer's and Sole JVIanufaetuPens of 

** ^V f^itC House Cafe** iff Lunch Wagons. The Best Made. Also Builders and Opcr- 

(Trade Mark.) "^ ators of the "White House" Q_iiick Lunch Cafes. . . . 

Office and Factory : Rear 281 Grafton Street, Worcester, Mass. 



Boston and Pbiladelpbia Steamship €o. , „ r:::: r::; 

General Offices, 89 STATE STREET. BOSTON, MASS. 



First-CIass Steamers with Unsurpassed Freight and Passenger Accommodations. 



I^eave f»/ii/af/e7p/iia— For BOSTON every Mon- 
day, Wednesday and Friday \.oo p. m. 
For FALL lUV'KR and PUbNlDENXE every Wed- 
nesday :ind Saturday 12.00 noon. 

Direct connection made and through freight rates given 
to all points in New Euirlaiul. 

DELIGHTFUL SEA VOYAGE. ^^:^^^^:^^ 

\\. J. lEKNEciAN, General Fre 
Geo. C. ICcKii.vKr, Agent, 33S S. Delaware Ave., Philadelphi: 
Geo. a. Kilton, Agent, Ives Wharf, Providence. 



Leave far /»;i/;nf/e//>/i/n— From BOSTON every 
Tuesday. Thursday and .*^aturdav ^.00 p. m. 
From PKOVIDE'.NCE everv Wednesday and Satur- 
day, stopping at FALL UIN'EK, 3.00 p. m. 
Connections made at Phil.idelphia for Southern points, 
and with the Pennsylvania U. R. for all Western points, 
and for jioints on the Phihulelphia \- Reading Ry. 
a and Boston, $10.00 (time, 40 hours) ; E.xcursion, $iS.oo, in- 
Fall River and Providence line does not carry passengers. 

ight -Vgent, Boston, Mass. 

a. Francis P. Wi.nc, A^ent, Central Wharf, Boston. 

A. L. BoNr.AKT/. .Vuent, Derrick Wliarf, Fall River. 

E. B. SAMPSON, General Manager, 89 State Street, Boston. 



330 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



^^\ ^^ A Foe to Indigestion 


o^rfltoga star -^ ^ ^^^^^ 


Lnsun^assed as a CHHtl(t Hl^t^r 


Table Water S^^F* '"» WWIvl ♦ 


B'ea4 tke foUowias TcIaBtarr trikate tr^m ik«^ 




5.VRJ1TOGA Star Sprtng Co., 


late BeT. Wk. H. Br««k«^ D. D.. of the I>i«ce«a« 




Saratoga Sprint^. X V. 


Hv»*e. B*frt«a : 




I t Stak Sprixg Water for 2 


— . _ T. r - ^ _ 1^^-^ - - - ^-f- 




.TcBn Tcais, and for Gastric troubles 


SiaATOGA S- ^ - - : _ ^ . . 




- - . r _ .- - . cd its meriis berond dispnie. A friend of 


? _ . >|»ri-^. V. Y. 




miae gi*'en np to die. in Xiantic Conn., with 


GESXLESre^r- Ht-'rir. 




iSastric fcrer, in a verr «;1iort time after the Star 


Stas WaT£ 




ATER rearlied her. fnllr recovered ; the banting 






---- --'arh ceased, and she conld not 






- ? her gratitude for the box for- 






-er. Mi^. C.'f. F.ason of HoUis, X. H., 


3i5 




.- Tears from 33311COCS irrizalions. onable 






. says : " The Star Water has added 


- .-^7 aiijis Terr E3-ncii '.- i-. .-- :. ,; ;. • 




T life." I conid fill a viriaine of testi- 


SiE ; - -s. 




^ were it neressarv. W^onld thai all snffereis 
be heakd. 


^^"51. HEXRT BKOOK& 




Mrs. E. a. Parkhurst, 


r- ARATOGA 5TAR WATER has won a ver\ high place 


^v among the leading table waters, because it is most 


^iy) agreeable to the palate and has great medicinal \alue. 


It mixes perfectK with wines and liquors. Packed in quarts 


and pints 


A5K YOUR GROCER. DRUGGIST OR WINE MERCHANT 


FOR SARATOGA STAR WATER AND IF HE CANNOT 


FURNISH IT 'ATRITE DIRECT TO 


Saratoga Star Spring Company. 


Saratoga Springs. .N, W 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 331 



O. W. NORCROSS. ^^^^ 

NORCROSS BROTHERS, ^t* 

GENERAL 
I CONTRACTORS. 

NEW YORK, BOSTON, WORCESTER. 
v?8 J* PROVIDENCE, CLEVELAND. 



IRew ElU3la^^ Stnictuval Gontpanv, 

DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS 

STEEL BUILDINGS AND BRIDGES. 

Architectural Ironwork. Ornamental Bronzework. 

Office and Works, Second Street, Everett, Mass, 
Boston Office, 18 Post Office Sq., Boston. 



O. W. NORCROSS. PRES. ALBERT J, PARK, TREAS. 

JSrownvillc /llbainc Slate Co, 

manufacturers of Unfadittd Black Roofing Slate. 



Strongest, Toughest, Brightest, Most Durable Slate in the World. 
Worcester Slate Fasteners, for Iron Roofs. Snow-Guards. 

Office. WORCESTER, MASS. J> ^t Old Crocker Quarries. Brownville. Maine. 

TELEPHONE 541. 



Ai.HKitr .1. r\i!K. Tr.a>nr.r. TWr ANUFACTURERS OF 

Blandford Brick 



|:> 

D 

r> 

13 

13 

|3 Ort\vv. 10 Ka>t nor.f>t(r St. 

p WOIUESTKK. JIVSS. 

P„.. ,,^,, .„.^. . t< t** and Fire-Clay Mortar. ^'^^ rt 

Factory. RISSEI.L. M.iJsS. ... ' <-l 

^ ... On Boston .V Albany K. H. <M)RCKSTKR TEI.EPHOK. .\o. .^il. ^ 



& Tile Company. 



Plain and Ornamental Building ^ 
and Fire-Place Brick, in White, ^ 
White - Mottled, Gray, Buff, c$ 
Buff-Mottled, Glazed, Etc, also § 
Fire Brick, Fire Tile, Cupola Blocks ^ 3 



332 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



i ©ur jfigbt for Dictorip! 



Greater value giving each day. Better store service. A'aster prepara- 
tions, greater enthusiasm, the courage of new allies, and the nerving flush 
of victory ! 

For business is campaigning. It has all the elements of courage except 
bodily risk. It has its watchwards, its standards. There is the ever- 
alertness for the concealed antagonist, the sudden surprise of crafty 
competition. There are enemies worthy of your steel — and there are 
guerrillas whose pot-fire is aimed at your back. 

We planned our enterprise on the Solid Rock of our purchasing ability, 
gathered bv years of experience in the great markets. Our wide-spread 
business connections. Our motto, " Small but sure profits," and last but 
most important, our determination to allow no goods to come into our 
store, or go out to our patrons, unless it is Quality, no matter how low 
the price. 

Public confidence is the result. A great and growing business. Aiming 
each day to increase its ability to serve you in every department with the 
best merchandise at the very lowest possible margin of profit. 



^he J, L, Go ding Co., 

"20th Century Store." 

Clothing, Shoes, Hats, Furnishings. 



ITbc XiXniorccstcr (Sa^ctte 




Believes in public spirit. It believes in 
Worcester, its manufactories and industries. 
It has, through its columns, advocated that 
which was best for Worcester, and it will 
continue to do so. 

Let every citizen shout for Worcester and 
work for Worcester and he will make the 
work of the Board of Trade more easy of 
accomplishment. 




Ilbe XiXHorcester (3a3ette 



Is for anything that will assist to 
Worcester's prosperity. 




HON. PHILIP J. O'COXNELL. 



Vol. I 



The Worcester Magazine. 



JUNE, 1 90 1. 



No. 6 



The Mayor of Worcester. 




HILIP Joseph O'Connell, 
Worcester's twenty-seventh 
mayor, is a native of this 
city, born in Mechanic 
street, Dec. 18, 1870. His 
parents are Philip and Ellen 
(SkehanJ O'Connell, the 
father a veteran of Company 
1, I'iftieth Massachusetts, in 
the ^^'ar of the Rebellion. 
His grammar school days were spent 
at Ledge street, then under the care of 
the well-remembered C. C. Woodman, 
whence, in 1S85, he entered the High 
School. He took the college preparatory 
:ourse, hoping to go with his fellows to 
Holy Cross College. Among his (1889) 
High School classmates are John D. 
Llaldwin. (ieorge W. Eddy, Richard H. 
Hammond. Charles T. Tatman. Ed- 
,vard C. \\'hitncy. James H. Wall, John 
\'. I'.arber. Arthur C. Comins. Harry P. 
S'^ye and other prominent business and 
professional men in Worcester's younger 
generation. 

During his High School days young 
J'Connell helped out his expense ac- 
•ount by working in his summer and 
vinter vacations for J. C. Maclnnes, the 
Uain street merchant. Thus when 
graduation came, and the college course 
vas given uj), it was quite natural for 
lini to turn {n his former employer for 
: place, though never ior a moment aban- 



doning his ultimate ambition, viz.. that 
of becoming a lawyer. Like other men 
who have resolutely followed an arduous 
wav, he studied at home when freed from 
store duties. The h'ree Public Library 
and lawyer friends furnished him with 
"Blackstone" and other legal books, so 
that after his entrance (1893) in the law 
department of Boston University he was 
sufficiently advanced to be able to crowd 
three years' work into two, thus graduat- 
ing in 1895. There were about 125 can- 
didates for degrees in his class. ]\Ianv 
of them failed outright, but of the suc- 
cessful ones eight came through with a 
Mag}ia cum Lande, and among the eight 
were A\^illiam C. ]\Iellish. now with 
Prank P. (H)ulding. Esq.. and the future 
mayor. 

Having had. in all, four months' expe- 
rience in the law office of Kent & Dewev, 
and after his admission to the bar, June 
26, 1895, our young lawyer opened an 
office on the third floor of the ^^^^lker 
Building, along with Henry Y. Simpson, 
later of the Central District Court, and 
with the exception of coming down to 
the second floor, his office has remained 
unchanged since. 

It would ha\c been very strange for 
a young man of Mr. O'Connell's attain- 
ments and talents to keep out of politics, 
hence it was quite the expected thing for 
him to be elected to the Common Council, 



336 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE, 



in 1895 and to be twice re-elected. Then 
followed two years in the Board of Al- 
dermen. For the last four years of his 
service in the City Council he was the 
Democrat designated to represent his 
party upon the Committee on Finance. 

When, in December, 1900, the voters 
of Worcester ranged up in their mayoral- 
ty contest, the outcome was a tie vote. 
When again in the following March they 
tested their forces, the result was the de- 
cisive election of the youngest man ever 
thus honored by the city. 

Aside from his legal and political du- 



ties, Alayor O'Connell has found time to 
serve as president of the Washington 
club and he is a member of Division 3, 
Ancient Order of Hibernians. Also he 
is a trustee of St. Vincent's Hospital and 
of St. Joseph's Industrial School. 

Unmarried, Worcester's mayor still 
abides, when at home, beneath the pater- 
nal roof-tree, which is at No. 57 Union 
avenue, Ward Four. So much for a 
man who has seen only a few months 
past his thirtieth birthday. 

Glamis he is, and Cawdor ; and it doth 
yet appear what he shall be. 



Things Now in the Public Mind. 



JUNE is the month of roses, and even 
a publication nominally devoted 
to business interests may allude to it. 
The long lists of marriage notices each 
day attest the popularity of that part of 
the calendar in which Lowell asks his 
ever fragrant cpestion : 

" And what is so rare as a day in June? '' 
Ere the July sun begins his heated 
term, Massachusetts schools and colleges 
will have graduated their usual array of 
well-equipped young people, and an 
ever larger number will rejoice in de- 
served promotion, a step towards the 
longed-for goal of all youths, that mo- 
ment when they may say : "W^e are 
through." 

Towards the grand summary, Worces- 
ter contributes her share, possibly, con- 
sidering her numbers, more than her 
proportionate part. Her Polytechnic 
Institute, Clark University, Oread In- 
stitute and Holy Cross College, in their 
respective fields, yield excellent fruit each 
successive vear. Worcester Academy 
continues to crowd the older preparatory 



schools, and the Highland Military 
Academy, every year, evidences its util- 
ity. The Normal School, upon its well- 
trodden hill, is ever a treasure house of 
knowledge, while Miss Kimball's School, 
and the latest, "The Bancroft," find en- 
thusiastic patronage. 

But it is in her public schools that 
Worcester takes greatest pride and 
pleasure. They are of no sudden growth. 
Long ago, names now wreathed with 
laurel were identified with their planting 
and fostering. The schoolmaster, John 
Adams, still lingers in tradition, while in 
later days, the town and city elected to 
the management of her educational sys- 
tem her most eminent professional and 
business men. The character of the 
city's industries brought hither a high 
grade of people, one so appreciative of 
school advantages that their children 
have crowded the school buildings to the 
limit. Years ago, it was discovered that, 
in proportion to the size of the city, her 
High School was the largest in the land. , 
Presumably, the same ratio obtains to- {, 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



337 



day. Our Hii;h "School graduates iu this 
month will nuniher hundreds. Hence, 
they are to enter college and normal 
schools, or will, at once, seek fields of 
lahor. A year, in this age of easy loco- 
motion, separates widely any disbanded 
grotip of people, and twelve months 
hence the sun may not set on the various 
Worcester classes of 1901. 

JL'NE. too, may bring disappointments, 
since the Heart of the Common- 
wealth had already begun to beat more 
rapidly over the thought that the Presi- 
dent of the United States was to be the 
city's guest during this happiest of 
months. Otir tmiversally respected sen- 
ior United States Senator. Mr. Hoar, had 
perfected arrangements whereby Presi- 
dent McKinley was to link Harvard. 
Worcester and Hingham into a Massa- 
chusetts chain of interest, alike pleasant 
to the people and to the President. But 
when the shadow fell upon the Cali- 
fornia excursion, and from popular 
functions the nation's executive turned 
to the bedside of his loved wife, every 
one realized that the fete of June 26th 
was extremely improbable. However, 
in the reports of Mrs. ^vIcKinley's con- 
tinued improvement we find some solace 
for the general disappointment which 
greeted the statement that the President's 
Eastern dates were canceled. He has 
been in this city before, though not as 
president. There are other days com- 
ing, and, sometime, we expect to realize 
the pleasure deferred of entertaining the 
President. 

"P\rRTXG the month an active canvass 
of Worcester is m progress to se- 
cure funds for the Devens statue. \''ery 
likely, no more carefully arranged i-)lan 
for such a purpose has ever been elab- 
orated in this city. The work has been 
undertaken with an evident purpose to 



succeed. As a fitting accompaniment to 
the work, now so vividly in mind, a 
res-ume is given in later pages of the 
remarks of ex-President Hayes at the 
memorial exercises held in lioston, soon 
after the general's death. Gen. F. A. 
Walker was the orator of the occasion. 
He had gone out as sergeant-major of 
the Fifteenth Massachusetts Infantry, 
whose first colonel was Charles Devens, 
and it was eminently fitting that he 
should tell the story of his chief. He 
told it well, but there was a further feel- 
ing of appropriateness when an ex- 
])resi(lent of the United States arose and 
so modestly gave his impressions of the 
departed. He had journeyed far to 
speak in praise of his late attorney-gen- 
eral, and he confined his words abso- 
lutely to his subject. Not once did the 
Ego ap])ear, and no one listening from 
Mr. Hayes' utterances could have 
gleaned the fact that he was thi' man who 
reached out to the Supreme Court of the 
Bay State for his legal adviser. After 
all, that one who never saw Gen. 
Devens with his "boys"' has little notion 
of how he looked when at his 
best. Till his death, he was presi- 
dent of the \"eteran Association of 
the Fifteenth ; considerably older 
than the average soldier, never the 
head of a family of his own, it really 
seemed a paternal greeting that he annu- 
allv gave the "bovs" who had followed 
him to scenes of death. It was no half- 
hearted allegiance that those same "boys" 
gave their old colonel, and to the very 
last meeting they basked in the light of 
his ])resence. Worcester men and women 
will recall his eloquent words when he 
came up to the High School, at the un- 
veiling of Willie Grout's bust. They 
were onlv chiklren when this eminent 
judge left the bench to tell them of far- 
awav days, of r>airs Bluff, wher? Grout 
was killed, and of Antietam, where he 



338 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



had taken "a message and a token" from 
the Hps of dying Tom Spurr and had 
pressed a farewell kiss upon the brow of 
that young soldier, even then paling in 
death. Nor will the principal of the 
school soon forget the jurist's words: 
"You noticed, I read what I had to say, 
for if I am ever to address young people, 
I wish to be sure of my words and I trv to 
do my best." The sentiment is worthy 
of preservation. His careful, attentive 
and often tearful listeners then are school 
children no longer. The speaker has 
passed over the river, but the influence of 
his words, his best, remains. Whatever 
his fame as lawver, soldier and iudee 
over and above all, he was the ideal 
American gentleman. 



with another famous Fifteenth Regiment 
through the perils and privations of the 
long struggle for liberation. The dis- 
covery, and, as it were, rehabiliment of 
these names is owing entirely to the zeal 
and industry of certain Daughters of the 
American Revolution, and the placing of 
them in lasting bronze is due to the 
joint efforts of the several historical and 
patriotic bodies in the city, which, 
through representatives, besought the 
city for means to defray expense. Con- 
tinuous praise is due the city's officers 
that they so readily and quickly granted 
the request. By so much is the interest 
in the city enhanced to any visitor who 
cares aught for the past. Nor is this all. 
While the tablet is placed and bronze 



NEAR THIS SPOT ARE BURIED 
THESE SOLDIERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 

SAMUEL BROWN ABEL FLAGG 

PHINEAS FLAGG ROBERT SMITH JOHN MAHAN 

WILLIAM TREADWELL EBENEZER LOVELL 



"^TOR does Worcester confine her me- 
morials to soldiers of the War of 
the Rebellion. Her patriotic sons and 
daughters, anxious that the fame of the 
earlier heroes shall not fade from mem- 
ory, have added to the objects of interest 
upon our Common the names of Soldiers 
of the Revolution buried beneath the soil 
of this oldest and most honored of the 
city's open spaces. The tablet, firmly 
attached to the fence surrounding the 
Bigelow monument, is well placed. 

The names inscribed may be those of 
men who followed Col. Timothv Bigelow 



markers are upon the graves of Revolu- 
tionary soldiers in our burial grounds, 
men died in and" after the war of whose 
final resting-place there is no record. 
Their names, also, should be preserved, 
and some day, down near that part of 
Hope Cemetery where the old-fashioned 
slate headstones remind us of reburials, 
a monument bearing their names should 
be erected. The afternoon of Memorial 
Day witnessed the first public exercises 
in behalf of the memory of the earlier 
brave. School children lifted their tune- 
ful voices in songs of love and gratitude 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE, 



339 



and the Rev. Frank L. Phalen in eloquent 
words told the story of sacrifice and de- 
votion. Such exercises bear their influ- 
ence, and may those of 1901 he the first 
of a long succession. Then, too, the 
later heroes. The hoys who marched 
away that May morning of 1898 for their 
Cuban service were actuated b\- the same 
impulses as those which prompted the sol- 
diers of '76 and '61. Somewhere in this 
city, some day, memorial tablets should 
tell their story. We cannot have too 
many such recitals of bravery and daring. 
Lowell is already providing for a mag- 
nificent tablet to adorn a space in her 
Armory, ^^'hen and where will Worces- 
ter follow.'' The city is rather wont to 
lead. Shall she be distanced? 

't "\^7"ITH this number of theWoRCES- 

lER Magazine the connection of 

INlr. George French with it as editor 



ceases. Since the Magazine started he 
has been t)bliged to be away from Wor- 
cester nearly all the time, and his busi- 
ness in Chicago will require his personal 
attention for an indefinite time to come. 
He has thus far been obliged to saddle 
nuich of the editorial labors upon the 
obliging shoulders of the Publication 
Committee, and he feels that a longer 
occupancy of the titular position of editor 
i-s neither wise nor just." 

The foregoing words from .Mr. 
French clearly explain why the editorial 
duties have fallen into other hands. In 
assuming the position of Editor of the 
Worcester Magazine^ I ask the utmost 
consideration from all those interested in 
the city's welfare and their co-operation 
in making the Magazine worthy of the 
Heart of the Commonwealth. 

Alfred S. R(je. 



Street Pavements. 



Bv Wright S. Prior. 




HERE is a close relation be- 
T^ tween each man. woman and 
cliild and the hodv {politic or 
whole communit}', which in- 
tertwines the moral, mental 
and plnsical welfare of every 
city, 'idle influences which 
])uild up the welfare of 
the individual helj) the city. 
Tliat which ])r(>m()tes the wel- 
fare of the city acts at once to benefit the 
individual. That which degrades one 
degrades the other. As the whole 
is made up of atoms, so the popu- 
lation of a city is made up of individuals. 
As an aggregation of atoms makes a 
molecule, and the mass is made up of 
molecules, similarly indixiduals make up 
families and the aggregation of families 



makes a commimitv. The forces or in- 
fluences, so man\- m number, which affect 
the character and success of a man, find 
their counterpart in all that which aft'ects 
manv men gathered together in a city. 
There is a close analogy Ijetween the 
birth, growth and success or failure of a 
man and the founding, development and 
success or failure of a city. Moth have 
or shor.ld lia\e means of obtaining sup- 
])lies, organs, for assimilation, arteries 
and veins through which life blood circu- 
lates. It is indeed an unfortunate man 
who has a poor circulation or who fails 
to properly l^enefit by the food which he 
is able to obtain. Such a man lags with 
heavv tread behind his fellows. The 
word ■"invalid" is stamped upon his face, 
although he ma\- not know it. Likewise 



340 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



a city suffering because of the lack of 
proper avenues and streets can be re- 
garded as an invalid city. False local 
pride will not alone suffice to enable that 
cit}' to compete with others. We do not 
have to look far to iind cities thus en- 
feebled. The above parallel could be 
carried further, but the comparison is all 
that is necessary to demonstrate that 
among many things which a city needs 
to insure success are well paved avenues 
and streets. 



amount of capital to properly pave a 
street, but where it recognizes the econ- 
omy of maintaining the pavement in 
o:Ood condition. As each communitv be- 
comes older it realizes the fact of the 
presence of a vast number of people who 
cannot properly maintain themselves. 
The l)est way to help these is not by 
charity alone, but by providing such im- 
provements that men with capital will 
come to the city, erect factories, or other- 
wise, directly or indirectly, give work to 




.MAIN STREET, CORNER OF CHANDLER. 



Old-fashioned, irregular paving at left. 

The requirements of civilization are 
such that many necessities of life must be 
owned in common or paid for in common 
by every community. Among these 
things are the water supply, sewerage, 
construction, repair and cleaning of the 
streets. 

Pavements, at first not needed, become 
among the greatest of necessities. The 
community has finally arrived at a point 
where it not only requires a large 



On the right, block paving cement filled. 

that large class which, generally through 
no fault of its own, must remain the ser- 
vants and minor employes of others. 

Cities with disagreeable, repelling 
streets, improperly paved, noisy and 
poorly cleaned, cannot be successful nor 
retain successful men, much less draw 
them to it. 

That a sound mind needs a healthy bodv 
is as true of a city as of a man. Xo man 
or citv can be successful unless in health. 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



341 



Cleanliness is the great ])reventive of dis- 
ease, — the modern way of combating- 
disease. Nothing assists a city's health 
more than streets paved with smooth, 
impermeable surfaces, which retain no 
filth and enable that which from time to 
time comes on the surface to be easily re- 
moved. 

Men like to be a])i)reciate(l as well as 
paid. Due honor is given to Ilaussman 
and Alphand. who rearranged the net- 
work of streets of Paris and paved them 
so that they are admired l)y all. The 
labors of Col. Haywood in London, and 
Hobrecht and Gottheiner in Berlin, as 
well as the engineers who inaugurated 
and those who are making the attractive 
street improvements of Washington, 
New York, and other cities, are fully ap- 
preciated and highl}- honored by the luib- 
lic which sees the results of their work. 

The repaving and ]iro]KM- maintenance 
of the streets of New York under Ed- 
ward P. North, and their thorottgh clean- 
ing for the first time by George E. 
AVaring, are matters of national interest 
and e.xample. Paving, maintaining and 
cleaning of city streets are indeed mat- 
ters calling for the attention of educated 
and trained men. These important 
functions of successful city life should 
not be left to the ignorant, apathetic or 
unskilled. A city is the home of its in- 
habitants, and needs ])roperly ecjtiipped 
streets as much as a house needs well- 
lioored and clean hallways. 

As a financial investment nothing gives 
more immediate and better returns to a 
city than smooth, solid, well-paved 
streets. Aside from the impetus to busi- 
ness and the facility for moving heavy 
loads, it is wise to attract visitors and 
new citizens to a city, if for nothing more 
than the money they spend, an important 
but not the only advantage. 

( )ur streets are used by almost every 
one nearly every day, yet few persons 



give the sul)ject any serious consideration. 
\\'hat to use, and how to use it, in sur- 
facing streets, have perplexed the mental 
and financial resources of all cities since 
men have lived in communities. A city 
without pavements cannot maintain us 
economic existence. Goods cannot bo 
moved. Progress even on foot is imped- 
ed, street cleaning impossible, health of 
all in danger. 

The temlency of pavements for many 
years in Europe, and for half a genera- 
tion in America, is toward smoother sur- 
faces and fewer joints. What I desire to 
see in Worcester is extensive areas of 
pavements either free from joints, or with, 
joints so small and well filled that they 
will be lost sight of among their other 
excellent features. 

Rome in ancient times had its forum 
and approaches laid with large fiat 
stones, fitted roughly together. The 
principal public squares and avenues of 
modern cities are almost all paved with 
surfaces as smooth as possible, with the 
materials used. 

It is pleasing to note in this connection 
the benefits which are due to smooth, 
([uiet pavements of various substances. 
Special eft'orts have been successful to 
lay them around hospitals, schools and 
churches in manv cities of Europe and 
in several of those in America. The 
suppression of noise is a great blessing. 
The introduction of concrete or mono- 
lithic foundation has become general; 
upon this is placed the wearing surface 
of whatever materials, after careful in- 
vestigation, each city decides to use on 
each particular street. 

Macadam and telfcn-.l roadways are 
not practicable within large cities, 
although thev are desirable in suburbs 
and small towns. The wear of heavy 
traftic and the eft-ect of wet. <lrv and 
freezing weather disintegrates them rap- 
idlv. Under more than 



the lightest 



342 



WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



trafl5c. telford and macadam canr.:: :: - 
pete in economy, if maintained in oon- 
-■ "t good order, with granite, asphalt. 
:c:ck or wood ^"- f-ients. They are 
?^":r' for use or . 'e drives and on 

r : in streets, : : ". n those of the 
busy city. 

:.r s:ree:5 .: :.::r- "age enorts to 

dean than. The entire neigh' - is 

iniiuencr^ " - - 

children v,.._ : r r ^.cz. u : , 



teria. In order to make many streets in 
London. Paris, Xew York and else- 
where safer, not only to those who live 
near them, but also for the cit\- at large. 
a5r>halt pavements have been laid upon 
: -eds of streets in tenemoit and simi- 
- irrers. T - - rface of such pave- 
:^v:::^. ring v.::! :u: ::n:s. is easily 
They are also flushed, or 



-C^-^ 




Streets. 



X ij.e^<: 



PEARL STREET. BRICK ?A IXG. 



piaoci 



e ver\" 



m manv 

: V " and 

- .c OI 



_ L^ ^' — Ci- 



- r..i .r. 



lents 



as 



<ixi\x Oa.\.- 



a^^ng 
or many years in 
: ent\"-hve years in 
Aeiy- many cities in 
among which are 
Xew York, are 
ing large areas of asphalt, almost to- 
dre exclusion of other kinds. The 



r United States. 
r United States 
5alo. Wa- 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE, 



343 



fact tliat asphalt is laid without joints 
and is smooth, noiseless and sanitar\ , has 
made it very popular, but, on account of 
otir steep grades and narrow street loca- 
tions, both of which are unfavorable to 
asphalt, it cannot l)e used to atlvantage 
in Worcester, except to quite a liniitetl 
extent. Most of our streets, where as- 
phalt might be desired, and where the 
traffic does not demautl granite blocks, 
are better adapted to either brick or 
wood. 

Brick pavements are the natural out- 
come of the impossibility of shaping 
granite and other stone blocks so that 
they will have true sides and even sur- 
faces, and indicate the desire on the part 
of many to retain a block form of pave- 
ment. The)' are laid (juite extensively 
in the West, where they are much 
cheaper than here, and make a very sat- 
isfactory pavement. The cities of Cam- 
bridge and Sprin^eld are the only Xew 
England cities that have used brick pav- 
ing to any extent. 

W^ood paving is also extensively used 
in the West, l)ut the material used there 
has not, as a rule, been of the best, and 
consequently the restilts have often been 
imsatisfactory. The round, white cedar 
block, laid on plank, which was in use 
years ago, is being displaced by the treat- 
ed rectangtilar blocks of the heart wood 
of Georgia long leaf yellow pine, laid 
on concrete foundation. Treated wood 
paving blocks are in extensive tise in 
London, Liverpool, Manchester, and in 
most of the great cities of Europe. A 
new 1)lock. called the creo-resinate wood- 
en block, is being quite extensively laid 
in this country at the present time, and 
without doul)t is the most durable wood- 
en block now laid. The Municipal jour- 
nal and Engineer, in commenting on the 
merits of this block, says : 

"The creo-resinate wooden l)lock ha> 
all the advantages of asphalt and granite 



as to the wear of one and the smoothness 
of the other; is less slippery than either, 
is less nois\- than asphalt, and is easily 
repaired. It is hlled with an absolutely 
insoluble, waterproof, antiseptic com- 
pound, consisting of a mixture of creo- 
sote and formaldehyde, making it proof 
against decay, combined with resin, 
which is absolutely waterproof and in- 
soluble, retaining the antiseptic in the 
wood and preventing the absorption of 
moisture, and which increases the crush- 
ing resistance and gives it an elastic sur- 
face." 

Seven hundred feet in length was laid 
last season on one side of Tremont street, 
Boston, and considerable more is to be 
laid there this year. Wood pavements, 
wh.en in good order, are a luxury, and if 
this new block turns out as well as ex- 
pected, it will surely become an impor- 
tant factor in street pavements. 

It has already been quite extensively 
introduced in the several Western cities. 
Chicago alone has 800 miles of wood 
pavements, although most of it was 
cheaply laid, of what now is considered 
Ulterior block, and therefore not always 
satisfactory. 

Statistics show that up to i(;oi there 
have been laid in the United States 1.725 
miles of asphalt, 1,386 miles of wooden 
block and 1 ,086 miles of brick pavement. 

Having discussed in a general way the 
needs and advantages of good pavements, 
let us turn our attention to our own city 
and its conditions and needs. We have 
worked along from year to year with a 
small ai)propriation, just enough to keep 
from going backward, giving way to de- 
mands for money, for water and sewer 
])urposes. untd 1 believe the welfare of 
the city demands that larger appropria- 
tions should be made for new pavements 
immediately, so as to enable the street 
deiiartment to at once begin a systematic 
reconstruction of the surfaces of practi- 



344 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



cally all the streets lying between Main 
and Summer streets, and extending from 
Madison street to Lincoln square. The 
question of underground conduits, and 
the separating system of sewers have de- 
layed paving in this territory in the past, 
but such work is now nearly completed 
in this section, and entirely coiupleted 
in enough streets so that a beginning may 
be made at once with positive assurance 
that more will be ready l)efore it will l)e 
possible to take care of what is now avail- 
able. 



trend of public opinion, where now we 
have to beg for it. There are six miles 
of streets included in the territory last 
named, and it will cost $300,000 to pave 
them. One hundred thousand dollars is 
the amount required annually, and where 
we are expending millions in water and 
sewer work it does seem that we ought 
to afford $100,000 each year for pave- 
ment. If good pavements are essential 
to a successful city, and if we desire to 
have them as much as I believe we do, 
and as much as I know we ought, it does 




I 



FOSTER STREET, 

Mechanic street is ordered paved from 
Norwich street to Bridge street, after 
which should follow Foster street, from 
Waldo street to Union station, Front 
street and all the streets connecting it and 
Mechanic street, and then Exchange, 
Central, School, Market, Commercial, 
Union and others, making finally one 
continuous, solid surface from Park 
street to Lincoln square. Three years 
ought to accomplish this, and by that time 
our labors would begin to be appreciated, 
and I believe a good appropriation would 
come to us naturally and along with the 



ASPHALTUM PAVEMENT. 



seem as if we might provide at least 
$100,000 per annum to invest in a sys- 
tematic way in this kind of improvement. 
I do not wish to be understood as un- 
derestimating or decrying the import- 
ance of the large expenditures that we 
are undergoing for water works and 
sewers, for they appear to be absolutely 
necessary. I simply wish to emphasize 
the importance and necessity of good 
pavements also, and to point out the fact 
that our city is likely to suffer if we do 
not have them. 

{7o be coitinucd.) 



Industrial Education. 



By Henry Woot).* 




T i: certain that manual train- 
ing- and trade schools, estab- 
lished and made efficient by 
the state., would greatly aid 
in the accomplishment of two 
most desirable objects. It 
would, in a measure, supply 
the missing education that 
has been lost through modem 
conditions and the decay of 
apprenticeship, and also greatly ennoble 
and dignify manual emplo\-ment. 

It would furnish a potent remedial 
agenc> for the idleness and degeneration 
which are becoming so serious and preva- 
lent. 

Some degree of manual dexterity and 
ability to use tools skillfully is a valuable 
resource for even.' young man, even if 
he is to engage in a purely intellectual 
profession. It must be understood that 
there is a wide distinction between simple 
manual training and the full acquisition 
of special trades. 

A practical adjunct of the former could 
be made at small expense to almost every 
common school in the land, while the 
teaching of specific trades would only be 
possible where large institutional plants 
or shops could be centralized. Manual 
training, even with a few tools, so de- 
velops industr\- and precision, and edu- 
cates the hands and eyes, that it lays a 
general foundation for all trades, and 
there would be little difficulty in making 
it a factor in ever>" common school course 
of instruction. Even brief manual culti- 
vation would be of uniform profit, what- 
ever might be the prospective vocation. 



It might be defined as athletics made 
useful, and at the same time reasonable 
in its intensity. Its reflex action on the 
mind, while lightly appreciated, is of a 
high importance. It directly cultivates 
and stimulates care, exactitude, prompt- 
ness, celerity, proportion and even hon- 
esty. 

Ever}- physical process presumes a 
previous subjective plan and mental 
picture. A few years ago a gifted Xew 
York lawyer wrote a good-sized volume 
entitled "Mechanics and Faith." In a 
most mteresting and logical manner he 
traced out the correspondences and reve- 
lations, mental and spiritual, which a 
study of the principles of mechanics un- 
folds and indorses. Mechanical science, 
usually regarded as dr\', is, in reality, 
rich in elements of beaut\" and even 
poetr}-. Applied mechanical principles 
through systematic instruction would do 
much to idealize their exercise and lift 
them from the realm of drudger}-. To 
make by hand even so .simple a thing as 
a symmetrical box is not only a physical, 
but a mental and even an artistic accom- 
plishment. 

The most common works of life are 
capable of redemption from the prosy 
domain of duty and toil, and of invest- 
ment with grace and dignity from a 
change of standpoint. Through a possi- 
ble educational treatment the plainest 
tasks can be idealized and made attract- 
ive. 

The average boy needs some useful 
outlet for his abounding physical activity. 
Often he has no taste for books, and 



*In " Political Economv of Humanism." 



346 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



study to hini is perfunctory and mechan- 
ical. 

He is an untrained and ungoverned 
force, liable not only to useless but to 
harmful activities. He needs something 
to arouse his interest, develop his latent 
faculties, and to turn his overflowing en- 
ergy into some useful and practical chan- 
nel. An hour a day of manual training, 
with its precision and calculation, will do 
much to evolve true manliness and self- 
reliance. To create or construct some- 
thing tangible tends to inspire character. 

The development of one set of human 
faculties, through related and reflex in- 
fluences, invigorates all the others, 
therefore exercises should be frequently 
changed or alternated. 

Statistics show that a large proportion 
of the criminal class begin in their down- 
ward career between the ages of fifteen 
and twent\'-one. They start out to be 
honest ; but idleness, which is the parent 
of all mischief, cattses them gradually to 



drift into crime. They find no vacancies, 
either in business or the professions, and 
with expanding wants have no honorable 
means to supply them. 

Had they been educated to industrial 
dexterity they could be of use to them- 
selves and to society. In seeking for 
remedial agencies for the vast amoimt of 
social and economic infelicity of the pres- 
ent time, there is nothing so promising, 
and which contains such grand possibili- 
ties, as industrial training. It shoifld be- 
come as universal as the present intel- 
lectual courses of instruction. 

To co-educate the head and hands is 
advantageous for both. If every common 
school in the land could have an annex 
used for the cultivation of manual dex- 
terit}- it would be a long step toward the 
elimination of prevailing sociological ills. 

Manual labor must be lifted and digni- 
fied by an admixtiu-e of the intellectual 
clement. It can be rendered positively 
attractive bv iudiciotts idealization. 



The Worship of the Golden Calt. 



When I saw a dymg broker clutch the 
cyphered tape at the ticker as he watched 
his fortune ebbing away ; when the mad- 
dened throng, in their frenzy lost to all 
sense of the mystery of life and death, 
hustled out the body of the dead 
broker that there might be more 
room for stampede in the sagging 
market ; when the gilded sign was 
erased from the marble slab, announc- 
ing another failure ; when I saw 
strong men tremble with lip and eyelid, 
and burst into tears ; when I saw the hag- 
gard faces of gray-haired women in 
weeds and the fading blight upon the 



beaut}- of American girls ; when the 
storm of wild and piteous shrieks filled 
the an-, I thought if these scenes and 
emotions were connected with anything 
else — it would be called religious or 
political fanaticism. 

We call it trade — business — financial 
"operations" ; the Genius of gambling is 
deified, and on the altar glitters the grin- 
ning Golden Calf. Frequent warnings 
may be of no avail, but the handwriting 
flashed forth on the heavy clouds, pro- 
claiming to vaulting ambition, o'er leap- 
ing itself. Halt ! — The National Maga- 
zine for June. 



Worcester's Old Common, With Some of Its 

Neigrhbors and Incidents. 

Bv Nathaniel Paine, A. M.t 



ROM the "Records of the 
Proprietors" it ajipears that 
in ]\lay. 1O67, a Committee 
was a]:»pointed by the General 
Court to view the "Country 
near the Quinsigamond 
i'onds." with the intention of 
establishing a settlement 
there, and a few small houses 
were erected soon after. In 

Tune, 1669. the Committee i^assed the 

following vote : "Ordered : 




"Agreed, That their bee 



place 



rreserued in comon nearrc the centerr of 
the towne conuenient forr that purrpose 
about twenty aceres forr a trayning place 
& to set a scoole house vpon as nearre as 
may be wherre the meeting house shalbe 
placed." 

A settlement, however, was not effect- 
ed till 1673, but, owing to trouble with 
the Indians, it was soon abandoned, and 
was not finally established till 17 13. 

The twenty acres set apart for the 
Common had been reduced by sale, so 
that in 1732. when a survey was made l)y 
order of the I'roprietors, only about 
eleven or twelve acres remained. From 
this had been set off to Cai)t. Moses Rice 
a lot of about half an acre, fronting on 
the Vn'm street, now covered by the 
Walker liuilding. Ca])!. Rice came tc 
Worcester from Sudbury and l)ecame an 
influential citizen, and on the lot set off 
to hiiu built the first tavern in Worcester, 



tBeing the substance of remarks made at 
April 19. 1901. 

*Till 1749 a part of Worcester county, 
allegiance to Connecticut, the respective states 



aljout 1 7 19 or 1720, and a public house 
was kept on that spot for the next twenty 
^•ears. l'ai)t. Rice afterwards removed 
to Rutland. Mass., and was killed l)y the 
Indians in 1755. 

The Common then extended from 
Park street on the south to ^Mechanic 
street on the north, and east to Salem 
square and Church street, with the excep- 
tion of the half-acre owned 1)_\- Capt. 
Rice. 

Soon after the establishment of A\'or- 
cester county, in 1731, there came to 
Worcester a man who was to become an 
important factor in the business and mu- 
nicipal life of the town. This was John 
Chandler of Woodstock*, who later held 
many important offices. He represented 
Worcester in the General Court in 1732, 
I735- 17.38, 1739. 1752 and 1753. He 
was also a selectman, town treasurer and 
the first clerk of the courts for Worcester 
cottnty. In 1742 the Rice tavern lot on 
the Common was bought by Mr. Chand- 
ler, who had come into possession of land 
adjoining. Pie died in 1762, his death 
being noticed in the Boston News Letter 
of Aug. 12 of that year. His remains 
were i)lace(l in the Chandler tomb on the 
Common, which, with the Dix tomb, was 
a little to the south of the Soldiers 
[Monument. I well remember these 
tt>mbs, which were not removed till after 
I he brick school house on the east end of 
the Common was Imilt. 

the annual banquet of the Board of Trade. 

Though the town in that year changed her 
long wrangled over the matter. 



Tr 



m 



I t.\ 



-f.i. 




'C z 






r-_> C 



/ ^ I 



•a^i 




■J1C*_ 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE, 



349 



]Mr. Chandler's son. Col. John Chancl- 
ler, who came to Worcester a hoy of 
about eleven years of age, succeeded to 
some of the offices held l)y his father. 
He was town treasurer 1753- 1760, town 
clerk 1 764- 1 768. county treasurer 1762- 
1775, sheriff of Worcester county 1751- 
1762, and judge of probate from 1762 to 

1774- 
A fine mansion had been erected, with 

barns and other buildings, and Col. 
Chandler resided there until just before 
the beginning of the War of the Revolu- 
tion, at which time he went to England 
with other loyalists, and died there in the 
year 1800. He was known in England 
as the "Honest Refugee," on account of 
the justness of his claims for losses sus- 
tained by his espousal of the royalist 
cause, in comparison with the extrava- 
gant claims of others. After he left the 
country his name was placed in the list 
of absentees, and his property confis- 
cated ; the mansion house and land with 
some other projjerty were assigned to 
]\Irs. Chandler as her dower, she remain- 
ing in the country. 

Col. Chandler was one of the largest 
contributors to the building of the Old 
South meeting house, and was given the 
first choice of a pew. He chose a wall 
pew on the minister's right hand. The 
one on the left was taken by one Lieut. 
Jacob Hemenway, who chose it because 
there was a door opening to a place undei 
the pulpit, where he kept a barrel of cidei 
tor use at Sunday noonings. John 
Adams (afterwards President of the 
Cnited States), who taught school in 
\\ orcester in 1757. often speaks of Col. 
Chandler in his diary, says he saw a 
great deal of him, and once went on a 
special service for him to the Governor 
of Rhode Island. 



The description of Col. Chandler's 
property, once a part of the Common, as 
lately taken from the English records, 
was as follows: "Thirty rods north 
easterly from the meeting house about 
one acre. Bounded north westerly on 
the County road (Main street), south 
easterly on the ministerial land, south 
-\vesterly on the town common, or road 
leading from said meeting house to Graf- 
ton (Front street J. Together with one 
large upright dwelling house, two barns, 
a cow barn, a large store and a tenement 
formerly iised as an office, also other 
buildings." 

After Airs. Chandler's death, in 1783, 
some of her children continued to reside 
in the house, probably till about 1790. 
The property in 1786 was formally con- 
veyed to the heirs-at-law of Col. Chand- 
ler, by a special act of the General Court, 
and they, in 1789, conveyed it to Samuel 
Chandler, one of tiie sons. In 1803 he 
sold it to Capt. Ephraim Mower, who 
had occupied the house as a tavern since 
1791. In 1818 the estate was purchased 
by William Hovey*, who took down the 
old house and erected a brick one in its 
place. This was known as the "Worces- 
ter hotel," and later as the United States 
hotel, removed in 1855 to make room for 
Clark's blockf. Aniong the landlords of 
the United States hotel were James 
\\'orthington. the late William C. Clark 
and Charles Sibley, the present crier of 
the court. 

In 1757 Col. Chandler marched from 
the Common to the relief of Fort William 
Henry. In October, 1760. so says the 
Boston Xews Letter, the mansion of Col. 
Chandler at Worcester was brilliantly 
illuminated on account of the success of 
His Majesty's arms by the taking of 
Montreal by Lord Amherst. 

It was from the Chandler house, in 



•Mr. Hovey was at one time a manufacturerof hay-cutters on Summer street. 
tThe old structure was removed to Mechanic street, and taken down to make way for the 
Crompton block, built in 1S69. 




DEFACED PAGE OF TOWN RECORDS. 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



351 



1780, that the Rev. Aaron Bancroft, just 
called to settle over the Second parish 
in Worcester, was niarrieil to Lucretia 
Chandler, daughter of Col. Chandler, 
and for a while occupied the house. It 
was in the fall or winter of 1786, at 
the time of the famous Shays rebellion, 
when the leader of the insurgents de- 
manded that some of his men should be 
admitted to the Chandler house, that Dr. 
Bancroft refused to admit them, saying 
they could not come in except over his 
dead body. 

Another of the Chandler family, who 
occupied a part of the original Common, 
having a store near the corner of ]\Iain 
and Front streets, was Clark Chandler, 
the loyalist town clerk, from 1768 to 
1775, who, in 1774, entered upon the 
town records the famous protest of the 
lo\alists against the resolutions adopted 
by the town in ^lay of that year regard- 
ing the use and importation of tea. The 
store occupied liy Mr. Chandler was 
afterwards known as the old compound 
and was moved to Pleasant street, where 
the Rogers block now is. 

The acceptance of the protest was re- 
fused l)v the town, but Chandler, the 
town clerk, himself among the signers of 
the protest, as were several of his rela- 
tives and friends, copied it on the records 
and also sent a copy to Boston for publi- 
cation. 

As soon as the Whigs discovered that 
this protest had been entered upon the 
town records, they were very excited and 
indignant with the clerk for having, as 
they claimed, exceeded his powers, and 
insulted the town b\- his procedure. A 
petition was at once presented to the 
selectmen, asking them to call a special 
meeting to take action upon the unwar- 
rantal)le proceeding of the clerk. 

At a meeting held the 24th of August, 
1774, resolutions. prei)ared by a commit- 
tee previouslv aj^pointed. were adopted, 



denouncing the protest of the Tories in 
the strongest terms; and as it appeared 
"that the same is recorded in the town 
book, notwithstanding the many asper- 
sions against the people of this town, 
and without the liberty or knowledge of 
the town" ; therefore it was 

"Voted that the town clerk do, in the 
presence of the town, obliterate, erase, 
or otherwise deface the said recorded 
protest, and the names thereto subscribed, 
so that it may become utterly illegible 
and unintelligil)le." 

The clerk, thereupon, in open meeting, 
wnth his pen defaced the pages upon 
which the obnoxious record was made ; 
but this not proving satisfactory to the 
patriotic voters then assembled, he was 
made to dip his fingers into the ink and 
draw them across the records, so effectu- 
ally accomplishing the object that the 
words have indeed become utterly illegi- 
ble, as ma}^ be seen b}- an inspection of 
the volume in the hands of the city clerk. 

A vote was also passed by the town 
reprimanding and admonishing ]\Ir. 
Chandler for the course he had taken. 
This much about that part of the Com- 
mon now covered by substantial build- 
ings and entirely given up to the demands 
of business. 

Encroachments ui)on the Common, as 
originallv laid out, have been made from 
time to time, so that it is now reduced to 
about seven acres. The gun house and 
hearse house were in the center of the 
Common for many years. 

b'ifty or sixty years ago there were two 
traveled roads across the Common — one 
from the northwest to the southeast cor- 
ner, the other from the southwest corner, 
at the present junction of Main and Park 
streets, to the northeast corner, near the 
house of Capt. Daniel Goulding, which 
was in 1829 a tavern, kept by Nathaniel 
Eaton, and stood near the present loca- 
tion of Houghton's block. 

Altiiough much reduced in size, the 
Common continued to be a gathering 




5 



o 



O 



'J) 






Z 

P 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



353 



place for the people, and events of his- 
toric interest often occurred within its 
limits, of which a few will be briefly 
alluded to. 

In August, 1774. when the country was 
excited and indignant over the arbitrary 
acts of the British government, a large 
number of people of Worcester and the 
adjoining towns assembled on the Com- 
mon, chose a committee to wait upon 
Timothy Paine, clerk, of the courts antl 
chairman of the selectmen, who had 
lately been appointed one of the man- 
damuscouncillors and demanded that he 
resign his office and promise that he 
would never act as councillor. 

The committee called upon him at his 
house, on the west side of Lincoln street, 
a few rods from Lincoln square (the 
house is still standing) and insisted that 
he should appear before the people 
assembled on the common and there read 
his resignation. This he did, and was 
afterwards allowed to return to his home, 
after being treated with great indignity. 
It was in the Timothy Paine house that 
Jolm Adams (afterwards President of 
the Lnited States) used to visit, and to 
wlu'ch he often alludes in his diary. 

The people of the town became greatly 
excited upon public afifairs, and set about 
preparing for a struggle which, they felt, 
would soon be forced upon them ; and 
they foresaw that, so arbitrary and intol- 
erant had become the recjuirements of the 
home government, that the result was 
likely to be a separation from Great 
Pjritain. 

That they might be better prepared for 
the imjiending conflict, the patriotic citi- 
zens of W^orcester organized a company 
of minute men, who drilled on the Com- 
mon or in the streets, half a day of each 
week, for which they were allowed by the 
town compensation of one shilling per 
man for each half dav of service. 

^\■hen on the 19th of April, one hun- 
dred and twenty-six years ago (1775)5 



the news of the attack on Lexington and 
the fight at Concord was brought to 
\Vorcester by a special messenger, who 
rode through the Main street to the Com- 
mon, calling upon our citizens to take 
up arms in defence of their countrymen, 
the minute men promptlv assembled on 
the Common. 

Capt. Timothy Bigelow took command 
and after a fervent prayer by Rev. Thad- 
deus ATaccart}-, minister of the Old South 
church, amid the ringing of bells and 
firing of cannon, the brave little band of 
])atriotic citizens were soon on their way 
to lend their aid to their fellow country- 
men of Lexington and Concord. The 
same day another company, under com- 
mand of Capt. Benjamin Flagg, fol- 
lowe<l, so that over one hundred men 
marched from Worcester Common that 
19th of x\pril, 1775. 

Capt. Bigelow remained in active ser- 
vice during the war as colonel of the 
^Massachusetts 15th regiment, which ren- 
dered most efficient service, only to be 
surpassed by the famous 15th regiment 
of the War of the Rebellion. 

Eighty-six years later, the 19th of 
April. 1 861, the anniversar\- of Col. Bige- 
low's departure for the war, a suitable 
monument to his memory was dedicated 
with appropriate ceremonies, having been 
erected bv Col. Timothy Bigelow Law- 
rence of Boston. 

The fact that Revolutionary soldiers 
were buried on the old Common has 
latch" been recognized, and a suitable 
memorial to their memory has been put 
U]) b\- the city council, prompted thereto 
by the city's patriotic societies. 

Another episode of great historical in- 
terest which took place within the limits 
of the present Common was the reading 
of the Declaration of Independence from 
the porch of the Old South church. 

The Declaration of Independence was 
jiassed liy Congress on the evening of 
Jul\- 4, 1776. and signed on that day by 



354 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



President John Hancock and the secre- 
tary. Charles Thompson, but was not 
signed, in its completed form, by the 
members, till the second day of August 
following. Immediately after its pas- 
sage, it was 

"Resolved that copies of the Declara- 
tion be sent to the several assemblies, 
conventions, and Committees of Councils 
of Safety, and to the several commanding 
officers of the Continental troops, and 
that it be proclaimed in each of the 
United States and at the Head of the 
Army." 

As soon, therefore, as copies could be 
printed, it was sent by couriers to the 
different States. . Having been first pub- 
licly read at Philadelphia the 8th of 
July, it was received in New York, at 
Washington's headquarters, on the 9th, 
and in the evening it was read at the 
headquarters of each brigade. 

By some means, however, rumors of 
the passage of the act had reached Wor- 
cester in advance of the messenger with 
the printed copy, for in the "Massachu- 
setts Spy" of July loth was the following 
announcement : — 

"It is reported that the Honorable 
Continental Congress have declared the 
American Colonies independent of the 
Monster of imperious domination and 
cruelty — Gerat Britain ! Which we hope 
is true." 

The confirmation of this rumor was 
received in Worcester on Saturday, the 
13th, or Sunday, the 14th of July, and 
was read publicly for the first time in 
New England by Isaiah Thomas, the 
publisher of the Massachusetts Spy, 
from the roof of the w^est porch of the 
Old South meeting house, and also on 
Sunday, after service, in the house itself. 

The old porch was removed many 

years before the building itself was taken 
down, and for several years served as 

part of a house on Grafton street. 

j\Ir. Thomas, with true journalistic 

enterprise, intercepted the messenger of 



Congress on his way through the town, 
and secured a copy of the important doc- 
ument, and it was printed in the "Spy" 
of July 17, for the first time in any news- 
paper in Massachusetts. The Declara- 
tion was read in Boston on the i8th of 
July, from the balcony of the State 
House, by Col. Thomas Crafts, to an im- 
mense concourse, including not only the 
loyal people, but many of the British 
officers and men who were held as pris- 
oners in Boston. Four days later, the 
first public celebration of its adoption 
took place in W^orcester, and is thus re- 
ported in the "Spy" of the 24th: 

"On Monday last a number of patriotic 
gentlemen of this town, animated with a 
love of their country, and to show their 
approbation of the measures lately taken 
by the Grand Council of America, 
assembled on the Green, near the liberty 
pole, where, after having displayed the 
colors of the 13 Confederate Colonies 
of America, the bells were set aringing 
and the drums a beating, after which, the 
Declaration of Independence of the 
United States was read to a large and re- 
spectable body (among whom were the 
selectmen and committee of correspond- 
ence), assembled on the occasion, who 
testified their approbation by repeated 
huzzas, firing of musketry and cannon, 
bonfires and other demonstrations of joy ; 
When the arms of that tyrant in Britain, 
George the III, of execrable memory, 
which in former times decorated, but of 
late disgraced the court house in this 
town, were committed to the flames and 
consumed to ashes ; after which, a select 
company of the sons of freedom, repaired 
to the tavern, lately known by the sign 
of the King's Arms, wdnich odious signa- 
ture of despotism was taken down by 
order of the people, wdiich was cheerfully 
complied with b}' the innkeeper. Toasts 
were oflered upon this occasion, among 
which were the following : — 

"Prosperity and perpetuity to the 
United States of America. The Presi- 
dent of the Grand Council of America. 
The Grand Council of America. His ex- 
cellency, George Washington. The Pat- 
riots of America. Everv Friend of 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



355 



America. George rejected and liberty 
protected. Sore eyes to all the Tories 
and a chestnut burr for an eyestone. 
Perpetual itching without the benefit of 
scratching to the enemies of America. 
Speedy redemption to all the officers and 
soldiers who are now prisoners of war 
among our enemies. The Selectmen and 
Committees of Correspondence for the 
Town of Worcester. May the enemies 
of America be laid at her feet. May the 
freedom and independency of America 
endure, till the sun grows dim with age, 
and this earth returns to chaos." 
The report says : — 

"The greatest of decency and good or- 
der was ^observed, and at a suitable time 
each man returned to his respective 
home." 

There are other facts of interest con- 
nected with the Common during the 
Revolutionary period which might be 
mentioned, but the space alloted will not 

permit. 

.More than 75 years ago an eminent 
citizen of Massachusetts and a resident 
of Worcester, the Hon. John Davis, in 
an address at the dedication of the Town 
Hall in 1825. referred to the patriotic 
spirit and bold action of the citizens of 



Worcester before the Declaration of In- 
dependence, and I think 1 can not do 
better in closing than to quote from his 
remarks on that occasion. 

He said : — 

"We have iust heard nuich just praise 
stowed upon the bold and overpowering 
eloquence of James Otis and Patrick 
Henrv ; but vehement and daring as they 
were,' they could not have uttered their 
sentiment's in a more decisive tone than 
do the humljle records of Worcester those 
of its citizens. They could not have re- 
pelled aggression in a more resolute man- 
ner, nor more warily shunned the snares 
that were set for an unsuspecting people. 
The inhabitants could not be brought in 
any manner, direct or indirect, to ac- 
quiesce in the usurpations of the crown. 
Thev would not permit their representa- 
tives to be sworn by an officer not ap- 
pointed according to the provisions of the 
I'rovincial Charter, nor to sit where the 
deliberations of the Legislature would 
be overawed by an armed force. Their 
resolution was 'to yield no right, to sub- 
mit to no infraction; and if they could 
not enjov the privileges secured by the 
charter, to establish an independent gov- 
ernment, and commit the issue to a just 
God, if an appeal to arms should ensue." 



Some Suggestions for Municipal Reform. 



By J. EvARTS Greene. 



HAVE been asked to write 
something concerning a plan 
of citv government, or. to be 
more precise, a plan of elect- 
ing the members of a city 
government, which has been 
proposed by a citizen of New 
York, and published by him 
in a small pamphlet. It 
was brought to my atten- 
tion by the Hon. Andrew H. Greene 
of New York. Unfortunately. I have 




mislaid the pamphlet, and therefore can 
not give the author's name or quote his 
own words, nor an}- portion of his clear 
statement or strong reasoning. But the 
outline of his scheme is distinct in my 
mind, and 1 think 1 can give it in sub- 
stance so as to do him no injustice. 

Tlic plan of election is a method of 
securing what is somewhat familiar in 
name as proportional representation, and 
is the simplest form of it. so far as I 
know . Its simplicity relieves it of some 



356 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



of the objections that have been urg-ed 
against other methods. 

The author says that as city govern- 
ment is, in its most obvious aspects, the 
management of the affairs of a municipal 
corporation, it seems reasonable that the 
form or system of management which 
gives satisfactory results with other cor- 
porations should succeed here also. 

He therefore suggests that the affairs 
of a city should be controlled by a board 
of, say, fifteen members. He calls them 
trustees or directors, but the name is im- 
material, and we may as well call them 
aldermen, a title more familiar in con 
nection with city affairs. He proposes 
that these should be elected at larsre. that 
is to say, not by districts or wards. 

National and state parties, he savs, are 
not occupied with the same concerns as 
those upon which men dift'er in citv 
matters, and these parties have no just 
relation to city politics, but, inasmuch as 
suppression of noise is a great blessing. 
these parties are organized for dealing 
with the work of elections, it is not prac- 
tically necessary, though it might be 
logically consistent, to form distinct and 
permanent municipal parties. But ques- 
tions of local interest may arise making 
it expedient to organize temporary par- 
ties to deal with them, and his scheme, 
as will be seen, would make it compara- 
tively easy to form such parties and make 
them effective. 

In voting for aldermen it is proposed 
to use the Australian ballot, with the 
names of the national parties and that of 
any other party which one hundred peti- 
tioners have asked for. Beneath the 
name of each party is a blank space, in 
which the voter may write a single name. 
The voter makes his cross against the 
name of his party, and, if he chooses, 
writes below it the name of his candidate. 
The votes for the respective parties are 
first coimted, and the number of aldermen 



declared elected by each party is made 
proportional to the number of votes. 
Then the votes for each candidate are 
counted, and those of each party having 
the highest number of votes, up to the 
number to which that party is entitled, 
are declared elected. 

To illustrate, we are to elect fifteen 
aldermen, and 15,000 votes are cast, of 
which the republicans cast 6.000, and the 
democrats 5,000, the municipal owner- 
ship party 2.000, and the anti-grade- 
crossing party 2,000. The republicans 
would elect 6 aldermen, the democrats 5, 
and each of the other parties 2. 

Twent}- or more candidates might have 
been voted for by each party, and those 
six republicans who had more votes than 
others, those five democrats and those 
two of each of the other parties would 
compose the elected board of aldermen. 
This system of voting would require 
no formal nominations. The parties 
might, and the newspapers doubtless 
would, suggest and recommend candi- 
dates, but the voter could be absolutelv 
free, and without fear that by expressing 
his indivitlual choice he might weaken his 
own party or strengthen its opponents. 
We should thus be freed from the "tyr- 
anny of the caucus," and from those mis- 
chievous restraints of the caucus laws, 
the result of the folly of recent legislat- 
ures, avowedly designed to protect the 
purity of the caucus, but having the 
practical effect of delivering the voter, 
bound hand and foot, into the control of 
the party managers. 

For this scheme, as for other methods 
of attaining proportional representation, 
several advantages are claimed : 

I. It would free the voter from the 
dictation and control of the party ma- 
chine or managers or boss, if the partv is 
so unfortuante as to have one. At pres- 
ent one must vote for the nominated can- 
didates of his party or he must vote with 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



357 



the opposing- party or throw away his 
vote. Under the proposed system he 
would feel no such constraint. 

2. Every vote would hel]) to elect the 
candidates of the party with which he 
voted, and every voter would he repre- 
sented hy men whom he had helped to 
elect, even though the person whose 
name he had written on his hallot should 
not he one of them ; now one who votes 
for a defeated candidate has voted inef- 
fectually and has no representation. 

3. The issue, so far as it is personal, 
would be, not as it now is, a contest be- 
tween the candidates of opposed parties, 
1iut a rivalry among the candidates 
(ir the persons proposed for election 
in each party, and would be determined 
by the free, unconstrained choice of the 
individual voters acting directly at the 
polls. Each ]:)arty would be sure of its 
rightful number of representatives, pro- 
portioned to the number of its voters, and 
the voters themselves would make the 
selections from among the persons tui- 
<lerstood to be available. 

4. A small party, if it should numl:)er 
so many as one-fifteenth of the voters, 
would be as sure of its rights as a great 
party, and voters who believed in its 
])rinciples would not be deterred fiom 
voting for them l)y the fear that by so 
doing thev might relatively strengthen 
one of the greater parties whose ascen- 
dancy they would regard as dangerous. 
It seems to me desirable, especially in city 
affairs, that new parties should have their 



opportunity. The sense of responsibility, 
the necessity of ])roducing a definite, 
practical programme and recommending 
it to the consideration of practical men, 
has had a sobering effect upon many a 
self-confident theoretical reformer. If 
the new party has anything valu- 
able to offer which the old par- 
ties have not let it jirove this and 
grow in strength and ])ublic favor. If it 
has no root in reason and sound politics, 
let that appear and it will die. 

5. It is not likely tliat all, perhaps not 
half, the voters would, besides voting for 
their party, write the name of a candi- 
date, but those who did would doubtless 
be the more intelligent and thoughtful 
men, and with them the selection of the 
candidates would rest. 

I have suggested a few onlv of the ad- 
vantages claimed for this system of vot- 
ing. I will add two observations : The 
municipal problem, so-called, is in it? 
essence a voting or elective problem 
rather than a problem concernmg forms 
of organization. These latter may vary 
infinitely and each will work well with 
wise and honest men to work it. and 
ever\' one mav be lull of danger and 
mischief without wisdom and honesty to 
direct it. 

The ])lan proposed for electing alder- 
men would be e([uall\- available for the 
choice of a school committee or of repre- 
sentatives in the legislature or in con- 
gress. In these latter cases it would 
have special advantages which can be 
readilv discovered. 




General Charles Devens. 

From the address of Ex-Pres. R. B. Hayes in Music Hall, Boston. March 19, 1891, at the me- 
morial tribute paid by the :\rass. Commandery of the Loyal Legion to General Devens. Ex-Pres. 
Hayes was then at the head of the National Commandery, in which position he was immediately 
preceded by General Devens. 




HEN Charles Devens died 
\\l there came from the press, 
from his professional breth- 
ren, from his college class- 
mates and friends, from his 
associates in every walk of 
life, and from the veterans 
who knew him and loved 
him, an inibroken testimony 
to his many-sided and well- 
rotinded life, and character — 
to his talents, scholarship and accom- 
plishments, and to his soldierly courage 
and devotion, that places him abreast of 
the most fortunate and beloved — the 
very favorites of history and fiction in 
ancient and modern times. * * '^ * 
How did Charles Devens discharge the 
high duties of Attorney-General ? Let 
me answer this question bv another. 
What candid and intelligent American 
ever observed Charles Devens in the per- 
formance of any duty in his great office, 
either in court, in the cabinet, at his desk 
or in society, who did not feel that even 
Massachusetts must be satisfied — nay, 
proud — to be represented by such a son 
in the government of the republic. * * 
The service of the Union soldier has 
brought him rewards in a host of ways. 
Strike out of our lives, during the last 
twenty-five years, the comradeship of the 
war — the happy meetings — the associa- 
tions and recollections traceable to those 
golden years of otir lives, and how barren 
and deprived of interest and joy the last 



quarter of a century would be to us. In 
all this period, what a figure General 
Devens has been. He was full of the 
spirit of comradeship. He knew and felt 
that to meet and greet an old commander 
or the brave, good men he had com- 
manded — the trusted comrades of many 
a camp and march and battle — was at 
most like good news from home and filled 
the heart to overflowing with happiness 
which words cannot tell. * * * * 

When Charles Devens was appointed 
Attorney-General, in 1877, his name was 
read to General Grant. The General, 
with unusual warmth and \\-ith a con- 
firmatory gesttire. exclaimed : * I am 
glad of it. He is a good soldier, and, 
more than that, he makes the best sol- 
dier speech I ever heard, and yoti know,' 
he added, with a characteristic twinkle, 
T have had some experience in that 
way.' The general was altogether cor- 
rect in his estimate of General Devens' 
oratory, especially when the comradeship 
of the war was his theme. We recall 
many of us. I am stire. his last formal 
address to his companions of the mili- 
tary order of the Loyal Legion of the 
L^nited States, in Philadelphia, about a 
year ago. It was full of satisfaction and 
jov in the contemplation of that which 
was the crowning felicity of his life — 
the gratification of having served the 
sacred catise and having been spared so 
long to enjoy the happiness and blessings 
secured to our country bv the victorv 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE, 



359 



achieved. * * * * 

Speaking- of those who had gone he- 
fore, and perhaps thinking of the time 
when lie would follow, he said: "I 
would remeniher them as we would wish 
to he recalled in the hour of decent mirth 
and of social enjoyment, when hand 
clasps hand in friendship and mutual 
esteem. * * * * Thev are the ad- 



vance of that army of which we 
are the rear guard. Somewhere they 
have halted for us. Steadily we 
are closing up to them. Let us 
sling on our knapsacks as of old, let us 
cheerily go forward in the full faith that 
by fidelity to duty, by loyalty to liberty, 
by devotion to the country, which is the 
mother of us all, we are one amiy still. 



Public Spirit. 



By George French. 



" Enlightened interest in matters that affect the community; disposition to advance the 
welfare of the people or of a locality.'' — Standard Dictionary. 




HIS definition of Public Spirit 
is as comprehensive as can be 
composed in a sentence, and 
as true as could be wrought 
mto an essay. It easily di- 
vides contemplation into two 
strata, and shows that true 
Public Spirit consists in, first, 
enlightened interest in mat- 
ters that atTect the comnuui- 
itv . and. second, in a disposition to ad- 
vance the welfare of the community. This 
order is often reversed, and we find citi- 
zens cherishing a disposition to do certain 
things which they believe to tend toward 
the welfare of the community before they 
have become enlightened with regard to 
the needs of the community. So it is an 
evidence that very much of what passes 
for, and is intended for, Public Spirit is 
in reality almost its antithesis. 

The foundations for Public Spirit must 
necessarilv be intimate and exact knowl- 
edge of the community and a disposition 
to apply such knowledge. It is as labor- 
ious to obtain kn< .wledge as to apply it to 
its uses, and far more irksome. And 



when it is a ciuestion of attaining to a 
knowledije of the highest needs of a citv 
or town, and the best methods for the 
supplving of those needs, a course of 
study stretches out before the zealous cit- 
izen equal to that demanded by any 
learned profession. So it happens that 
Public Spirit manifests itself in the best 
manner through specialists in its practice. 
No one person is able to grasp all the 
problems of civic life firmly enough tc 
be practically familiar with them, or to 
be an eft'ective advocate of them. The 
exercise of Public Spirit, by the average 
citizen, is apt to manifest itself through 
the following of some leader who an- 
nounces that he is actuated by Public 
Spirit. 

There should be a professor of Public 
Si)irit. or Citizenship, in every college, 
and a course in the curriculum of every 
high school. Political economy scarcely 
suffices. There is now no opportunity 
for the young man to learn anything 
about the management of a city, until he 
becomes a voter, and then his tutors are 
usually the ward politicians and the party 



360 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE, 



leaders. The business management of a 
citv ought to be considered as among the 
professions. The business is now chiefly 
consigned to amateurs in general busi- 
ness, while it ought to be in the control of 
men specially trained for it. Think of 
it, for a moment. A corporation doing 
one-tenth as much business as is trans- 
acted by the average city of the second 
class — Worcester, for example — has its 
president, skilled in constructive work of 
a high order ; a treasurer, able to finance 
its interests ; a general superintendent, 
skilled in producing its goods, and a 
corps of experts as foremen, bookkeep- 
ers, etc. ; and ever}- man an experienced 
and tried professor in his special sphere. 
How is it with the city, any city? The 
business of a city is transacted accord- 
ing to principles that have been dead for 
generations, and which were never in 
harmony with xA.merican life. Doubtless 
there was a time when it was necessary 
to relv upon individual contributions to 
form a fund for common expenses. 
Then there was but one recourse — taxes. 
The question of income being thus easily 
settled, the only matter of real moment 
was to find men with talents for spending 
to put in charge of the disbursement of 
the cash gathered through taxes. Upon 
this simple dual basis do our city gov- 
ernments now rest. We hear about 
"business administrations," but how can 
there be a business execution of an un- 
businesslike proposition ? 

The earnest student of Public Spirit 
has this great problem to solve : How 
can a city be managed without resort to 
direct taxation? This is assuredly 
the most vital municipal question of 
the future, and its solution is not 
to be sought along lines indicated 
by those who agitate for the tax- 
ation of public corporations and the 
alienation to the city of so-called 
"natural monopolies." Nothing has been 



made more plain during the latter half 
of the nineteenth century than that it is 
unwise for cities to endeavor to enter 
into business competition with their citi- 
zens, or to preempt certain semi-public 
industries. It is not intended to here 
point out in detail how any particular 
proposition suggested may be wrought 
into concrete practice : only to endeavor 
to indicate the wide scope for that elastic 
function of municipal life called Public 
Spirit, when it is brought to bear with 
"enlightened interest" upon public 
affairs. Is it to be assumed that 
Public Spirit shall not search l)e- 
yond the tax-gatherer, or the dis- 
bursing officer? Are we to con- 
sider that there is no better way to 
pay for a new street, or the widening of 
an old one, than to demand that every cit- 
izen contribute his mite while the direct 
monev benefit is turned over to the own- 
ers of the real estate affected ? No more 
than we are to demand that the real estate 
affected be assessed for the full cost of 
the improvement. How are we to arrive 
at the economically just method, if not 
through the application of the science of 
citv government, which might better be 
called the science of communal life? 

Possibly this is the real pith of our 
problem — the science of communal life. 
Is there such a science, and if so do the 
people care enough about it to be induced 
to study it? We in America have been 
too deeply engrossed in clearing our land 
to consider the subtle dift'erences between 
methods of cultivating it. W^e have 
been building cities so rapidly, and have 
so ardently adored the census reports of 
their growth, that we have been, and are, 
im])atient if it is suggested that we have 
builded worse than we knew or that our 
fabrics need attention to complete and 
maintain them. It is not unnatural that 
it has been so ; it is inevitable and alto- 
gether necessary and well. We are apt 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



361 



to forgx't that wc must not only outgrow 
youth anil youthful ways, but that youth- 
ful wavs have been as essential to our 
development as a nation as they are to 
the growth of a young man. We forget 
more; that we are so young. We are 
passing through a stage of development 
during which our principal thought is 
a glorious realization of our lusty growth 
and a beatific vision of our colossal 
future. It is not so much a national dis- 
position as a blazing glory of youth. 
Our cities are managed somewhat after 
the fashion of the promoter of a Texas 
oil company ; we bank on the kiture with 
serene confidence, and borrow for pos- 
ter it v to pa v. even as a youth goes joy- 
ouslv through college upon a capital ob- 
tained by putting a mortgage upon his 

future. . 

It is time to consider living. We have 
been getting ready to live, and have spent 
time enough at 'it. Now I'ublic Spirit 
has something to do beside to plan to 
swell the total of the next census report, 
or to bring new factories to town. Let 
us look about and consider how we can 
make communal life more tolerable— less 
exacting and burdensome to the indi- 
vidual, more stable and permanent, more 
calculated to produce the best types of 
manhood and give the most latitude for 
the devolpment of character. There is a 
disastrous cynicism about city life that 
ought to be made impossible. It is slow- 
Iv diminishing, l)Ut far too slowly. True 
f'u!)lic Spirit" should consider much be- 
side the material upbuilding of the city, 
or the honest and efficient administration 
of its afifairs. These things are well 
enough; thev are essential. But if Pub- 
lic Spirit be' a leading civic motive these 
material things will come as natural con- 
se(|uences, and coming as natural conse- 
([uences thev will come in the right 
manner and will come to stay. 

We hear much about Public Spirit, and 
about what might be accomplished if the 
peoi)le were possessed of it : but what is 
it? It is assuredly a desire for the bet- 
terment of the city, and a resolve to 
endeavor to further such lietterment. 
Yet this is not the best definition : it is not 



a sufficient definition. The motive for 
such public spirit is not always free from 
the taint of selfishness. ^lany men labor 
zealously for the promotion of certain 
municip'al matters in the hope that there 
mav be a strong refiex benefit of a per- 
sonal nature. There is in city life a maze 
of opposing interests, because our present 
system of city government opens many 
avenues to private and corporate enter- 
prise, and there are always at work per- 
sistent and energetic infiuences seeking 
to turn the profit of municipal poten- 
tiality into private channels. The city 
tempts the enterprise of men who are 
alive to opportunity, and it is not much of 
a step from the recognition of one busi- 
ness chance to the endeavor to create 
others. It is certainly true that the exer- 
cise of Public Spirit 'by able citizens in- 
volves actual renunciation of business 
opportunities that are seen to be eagerly 
accepted by men of high character and 
generallv pure motives. 

The p'resent methods of managing the 
business of cities are calculated to so 
narrow the sphere and contract the scope 
of Public Spirit that that quality of citi- 
zenshi]) is rarely met wath in full flower ; 
and when it is discovered it is also real- 
ized that it must beat its wings against 
])rison walls and die or become crippled, 
through the mere attempt to put its vital- 
itv to practical account. It may well be 
l.ioposed that Public Spirit occupy itself 
in devising and advocating a better 
scheme for citv government, or city man- 
agement. I like the latter term better, 
since nearly all students of municipal 
affairs declare that a city is a big cor- 
])oration organized for business jnirposes, 
rather than a political body. If this_ is 
true, what cities need is a business policy 
for the conduct of their affairs, and busi- 
ness managers to administer them. If 
this theorv were true in fact, and the 
people were willing to enforce it, how 
dift'erent would the problem of city man- 
agement be : and what a different mean- 
ing for the term Public Spirit would be 
warranted! Then it would be possible 
to plan for a municipal income adequate 
for the citv's needs without calling upon 
the poor for taxes. It would be possible 
to conduct the city's aft'airs as those of a 
private corporation are conducted ; mak- 



362 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



ing the income sources yield enough to 
meet all necessary expenditures, includ- 
ing aesthetic and sanitary necessities. 
Under such conditions it would not be 
the goal of Public Spirit to secure a 
statue of an honored citizen, or to provide 
a breathing space for the dwellers in a 
congested district. Then Public Spirit 
would mean an expansion of life, and 
cool, exact, unflinching business methods 
would provide all that is now dreamed of 
by the most ardent of public-spirited citi- 
zens. 

At the present day the most attractive 
field for the exercise of Public Spirit is 
the study and exploitation of a broader 
and truer municipal life ; strictly the busi- 
ness of conducting the affairs of a city, 
leaving the moralities and aesthetics out 
of the question for the time being. Does 
any unprejudiced person of intelligence 
doubt the reasonableness of the proposi- 
tion that a thriving modern city could be 
made to pay all operating expenses, if 
shrewdly managed, without the levy of a 
direct tax, and without trenching upon 
the rights of the semi-public corpora- 
tions ? Such a doubt would imply doubt 
regarding the legitimacy and competency 
of fundamental commercial principles. 

Public Spirit, then, if it be "enlight- 
ened interest in matters that affect the 
community," must be reckoned as taking 
cognizance of such fundamental consid- 
erations as lie at the root of municipal 
development and affect the community 
in a permanent and progressive manner, 
and the best exercise of Public Spirit 
must be taken to be through the study 
and exploitation of problems whose solu- 
tion will tend to make municipal life a 
medium in which human progress is held 
in true solution. The theory of the in- 
fluence of environment upon individual 
life is onlv true if the individual lacks in 
initiative and character force. The best 
intelligence and the highest type of char- 
acter give to environment its potency, 
instead of taking directions and motives 
from it. If this is true in individual ex- 
perience, as it undoubtedly is, it mav be 
made true in the life of the city, where 
conditions to be dealt with are not tem- 
peramental, religious, ancestral, or de- 
pendent u])on degrees of intelligence, 
force of character, tradition, will-power. 



etc., which are elements limiting indi- 
vidual endeavor and buffeting influence 
upon individual character. The life and 
character of a city so far as those condi- 
tions affecting its value as a place of 
residence relate, is essentially material. 
That which is desirable is usually easily 
recognizable, and is clearly apprehended 
by the majority of citizens. What is ob- 
jectionable in city life is generally 
acknowledged to be objectionable. The 
evil is not of such subtle character as the 
evil that preys upon individuals often is. 
It is clearly in the minds of the people. 
It has not to be diagnosed, only cured. 
The cure is nearly always as evident as 
the distemper. What is needed is the 
courageous application of the cure, and 
the putting of a period to easy-going tol- 
erance and placid endurance. The level- 
ing up of intelligence and capacity, which 
has been always going on, has at least the 
temporary negative result that it either 
quenches zeal or obscures it. While all 
the people know more, and can do more, 
the isolated examples of fiery leaders of 
men are less frequent. The public mind 
does not of itself breed high action. It 
is plastic, it is receptive, and it is respon- 
sive, but it must be aroused and led or 
its accomplishment is chiefly contempla- 
tive. This hints the office of Public 
Spirit, to lead the public mind, and trans- 
form its nascent consciousness into con- 
scious action. It is a mistake to believe 
that the mass of the people require in- 
struction. What they need is leadership, 
to be shown how to realize ideals which 
are fairly clear to them, to be directed 
how to work convictions into conditions, 
to be led toward the goal they know 
exists but are not able to locate. 

Public Spirit means the generation of 
the force of the public conscience and in- 
telligence and the application of it to the 
practical machinery of life. There is 
endless quantities of this energy latent in 
every city, even as electricity is diffused 
throughout the whole atmosphere of the 
whole world, but is useless until it is 
w^ooed by the dynamo and made to exert 
its strength through the motor. Public 
Spirit must do this double work of the 
dynamo and the motor — gather and ap- 
piv the potential force of the public in- 
telligence. 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



363 




BANK BUILDING, ii FOSTER STREET. 

OFFICERS. 

President. RUFUS B. FOWLER. Vice-President. ROGER F. UPHAM. 

Treasurer, GILBERT K. RAND. Secretary, CHARLES E. SQUIER. 



William Hart, 
Irving E. Comins, 
Edwin P. Curtis, 
Roger F. Upiiam. 
Geo. W. Mackintire. 



Directors. 

Milton P. Higgins. W. M. Spaulding, 
John C. MacInnes. Edw. M. Woodward. 
John R. Back, Walter H. Blodget, 

Hon. C. G. Washburn. James H. Whittle, 
RuKus B. Fowler, William H. Inman, 



Clerk of the Corporation, H. Ward Bates. 



Henry F. Harris, 
James E. Orr, 
William W. Johnson. 
George C. Whitney, 
R. James Tatman. 

Auditor, Charles A. Chase. 



Chairmen of 

Advisory Committee , Hon. Joseph H. Walker. 
Membership, William W. Johnson. 
Ways a?id Mea)is, Milton P. Higgins. 
Majiufactures, Hon. Chas. G. Washburn. 
Meetings and Receptiojis, Henry F. Harris. 
Mercantile Affairs, John C. MacInnes. 
Transportation atid Railroads. W. H. Blodget. 



Committees. 

Statistics and Information, G. W. Mackintire. 
Arbitration, Lyman A. Ely. 
Legislation, J<»hn R. Back. 
Xew Enterprises, R. James Tatman. 
Municipal Affairs, Edward M. Woodward. 
Taxation and I?isurance, Roger' F. Upham. 
Foreig7i Trade, Edwin P. Curtis. 



Board of Trade Notes. 



The Buffalo Alerchants Exchange have 
kindly offered to any members of the 
Board of Trade ^vllo visit the Pan-Amer- 
ican Exhibition the facilities of their 
rooms, containing newspaper reading 
room, writing rooms, market bulletin 
boards, and an information department 
with an attendant in charge. They can 
also, if they desire, have their mail for- 
warded in care of "Secretary Buffalo 
Merchants Exchange." Members to 
avail themselves of these privileges be- 
fore going to Buffalo should procure a 
card from the secretary of the Worcester 
Board certifying to their membership. 

A good response was made to the cir- 
cular issued bv \\"allace E. Mason of the 
Field High School. Leominster, and sent 
to the members of the Board regarding 
the studies which business men think 
should be taught in our public schools. 



These reports were returned to the 
Schoolmasters' Club meeting, held on 
June 8. 

The next monthly meeting of the di- 
rectors will be held on Sept. 12th, the 
Julv and August meetings being omitted, 
as usual. The Board of Trade, however, 
never takes a vacation ; its rooms con- 
tinue open and the work of many of the 
committees has little interruption. 

The committees on Municipal Aff'airs 
and Mercantile Aff'airs held a joint meet- 
ins: Mav 28th to consider the matter of 
proposed franchises to electric railroads, 
at which members of the city government 
and representatives of the Blackstone 
\'alley. Auburn Belt Line and Consoli- 
dated Railroads were present, and a re- 
port of the committees was made to a 
special meeting of the directors on May 
31st, which was accepted, and the follow^- 



364 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE, 



ing communication was sent to the May- 
or and Aldermen: 

"The Directors of the Board of Trade 
respectfully request the Mayor and Al- 
dermen of the City, -in granting- decrees 
to public service corporations, while 
always guarding the city's interests, not 
to impose conditions therein which are 
too restrictive, to the end that the growth 
of the business interests and the conven- 
ience of its citizens may be extended and 
not retarded.'" 

The regular adjourned meeting of the 
Directors was held June 17th. Ten 
members were present and considerable 
business was transacted, as this was the 
last regular meeting before September. 

The special committee on advertising 
submitted an attractive design for a 
sticker to be applied to business enve- 
lopes. The design is circular in form, 
representing a seal, and to be litho- 
graphed in three colors, black, red and 
gold. The printed matter sets forth the 
superior Trade, ^lanufacturing. Educa- 
tional and Residential facilities of Wor- 
cester, and the outer circle contains the 
words "The best all round city in Xew 
England." The directors accepted the 
design and ordered a supply for the use of 
those who have sufficient public spirit to 
use them in their correspondence. The 
expense is slight and their use by our 
business men will not only benefit Wor- 
cester, ])ut the users as well, as any pub- 
lic-spirited effort is good for him who 
makes it. 

Several matters have been referred to 
the Committees on New Enterprises and 
Municipal Affairs for their consideration 
and report in September. 

The Committee on Municipal Aff'airs 
has reported on the petition of Worcester 
citizens regarding the congestion of 
streets, and recommend a petition to the 



city government for a commission to con- 
sider the question and report some mea- 
sure of relief. The report was adopted 
by the directors and referred to the com- 
mittee to prepare such a petition. 

The subscriptions for the Devens 
Statue fund are progressing favorably, 
and the first meeting of the chairmen of 
the several groups was held June i8th. 
Eleven groups reported by their chair- 
men of varying degrees of success. 
Some groups have raised nearly the 
amount of six hundred dollars allotted 
them and are still at work vigorously, 
while other groups have made only a be- 
ginning. 

Aside from the tribute to General 
Devens, and the soldiers he commanded, 
the erection of the statue will be a notable 
adornment of the city, and should there- 
fore appeal to the local pride and public 
spirit of every citizen. It wall be a monu- 
ment each one will be proud to show to 
visitors as a work of art, and an evidence 
that some things of public benefit can be 
accomplished in W^orcester. 

Cities, no less than individuals, have a 
character. We have too many examples 
of Eastern cities so lacking in public 
spirit that all public enterprises fail of 
support, and the community seems under 
a deadening spell unmoved by the slight- 
est feeling of local pride. Our Western 
cities owe their reputation as hustling 
and progressive communities to the fact 
that they give a ready response to any 
appeals for civic improvement. 

Is Worcester to be a 'Western city in 
tlie heart 01 New England," as it has 
been called, or is it to stand at the foot 
of that class of Eastern cities in which 
no interest can be aroused among her 
people for an}' public improvement or 
adornment? 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 365 



Banking Facilities of Worcester. 



NATIONAL BANKS. 



a 



ITIZENS' NATIONAL BANK, 342 Main Street. Incorporated as a .State Bank in 1336; as a 
National Bank in 1S64. Capital $150,000; surplus $82,000. Dividends April i and October i ; 
rate past year, 6 per cent. President, Henry S. Pratt; Cashier, George A. Smith; Directors, 
Henry S. Pratt, George B. Buckingham, Samuel E. Winslow, John C. Maclnnes, William H. 
Crawford, Burton H. Wright, Herbert Parker. 

IrallRST NATIONAL BANK, 474 Main Street. Incorporated in 1S63. Capital §300,000; sur- 
mi i)lus and undivided profits y24o,.^S9. Dividends May i and Nov^ember i; rate past year, 10 
percent. President, Albert H. Waite; Cashier, Gilbert K. Rand; Directors, Arthur P. Rugg, 
Ransom C. Taylor, William H. Sawyer, Albert H. Waite, Orlando W. Norcross, William H. In- 
nian, J. Russel Marble, Frederick E. Reed. 

ECHANICS' NATIONAL BANK, 311 Main Street. Incorporated in 1865. Capital 8200,000; 

urplus and undivided profits $57,327. Dividends April i and October i ; rate past year, 



sa 



4 per cent. President, Francis H. Dewey; Cashier, Albert H. Stone; Assistant Cashier, M. H. 
Lowe; Directors, Francis H. Dewev, Stephen Sawver, Charles A. Hill, Thomas B. Eaton, Stephen 
Ildlman, G. M. Bassett, W. 1\I. Spaulding, B. W. Childs. 

ORCESTER NATIONAL BANK, 9 Foster Street. Incorporated as a State Bank in 1S04; as 

a National Bank in 1S64. Capital §250,000; surplus and undivided profits $225,000. Dividends 



^ 



April and October; rate past year, S per cent. President, Stephen Salisbury; Cashier, James P. 
Hamilton; Directors, Stephen Salisbury, A. George Bullock, Charles A. Chase, Lincoln N. Kin- 
nicutt, Josiah H. Clarke, James P. Hamilton, Edward L. Davis. 



SAFE DEPOSIT AND TRUST COMPANY. 

ORCESTER SAFE DEPOSIT AND TRUST COMPANY, 448 Main Street. Incorporated 
in 186S. Capital $200,000; surplus $100,000. Dividends January, April, July and October; 



ES 



rate past vear, 6 per cent. President, Edward F. Bisco; Secretary and Treasurer, Samuel H. 
Clary; Directors, John H. Coes, Edwin T. Marble, Edward F. Bisco, Henry F. Harris, Charles 
S. Barton, Charles A. Williams. 



SAVINGS BANKS. 

[f|llEOPLE'S SAVINGS BANK, 452 Main Street. Incorporated in 1S64. Deposits $8,719,373; 
;U| guarantv fund $348,000; surplus $91,473. Interest payable February and August 15. De- 
posits go on interest February, :Mav, August and November i ; rate past year, 4 per cent. Presi- 
dent, Samuel R. Heywood;' Treasurer" Charles IM. Bent; Investment Committee, Samuel R. 
Heywood, Thomas M. Rogers, Edwin T. Marble, Albert W. Giflford, William W. Johnson. 

pnlORCESTER FIVE CENTS SAVINGS BANK, 314 Main Street. Incorporated in 1S54. 

ILiI Deposits $7,856,811; guarantv fund S2>o,ooo; surplus $104,573. Interest payable January- 
and Inly I. Deposits go on interest [anuarv, April, lulv and October i; rate past year, 4 per 
cent." President. Elijah B. Stoddard ;" Treasurer, J. Stewart Brown; Investment Committee, 
Elijah B. Stoddard, Stephen Sawyer, Gilbert J. Rugg, Henry M. Witter. 

fffjlORCESTER MECHANICS' SAVINGS BANK. 311 Main Street. Incorporated in 1S51. 
L| Deposits $7,293,151 ; guarantv fund $215,100. Deposits go on interest Januarj-, April. July 
and October 15. President, Augustus B. R. Sprague; Treasurer, Henry Wootlward; Investment 
Committee. John H. Coes. Thomas B. Eaton. A. B. R. Sprague, Eh J. W hittemore. Francis H. 
Dewey. 



366 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 




The 1901 Model Cartridge Kodak 

... is the Btrm of . . . 
Camera Perfection. 

Suitable for Hand or Tripod use. Carries films or plates, and has 
long bellows for Copying. 

3ix4i, $16.00. 4x5, $20.00. 5 x 7, $28.00. 



LANGDON B. WHEATON, 366 Main Street, 



E 

o 



o 




1/ * MOVeV, M^ 3 fRolT ST 




SPECIALTIES— Shirts, Collars, Cuffs, Fine 
Linens of all kinds. 

This season we shall make a specialty of LADIES' AND GENTLEMEN'S 

SHIRT WAISTS. 
HEXRY A. HOVEY. ^ T^^^^Z^ ^^««<^<=>.^ 

G. KISSELL HOVEY. Worcester, Mass. 

Proprietors. Telephone 351-3. 



THE WIRE GOODS COMPANY, 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



GENERAL HARDWARE 

AND 

SPECIALTIES IN WIRE. 



Worcester, Mass., U. S. A. 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE, 



367 



T. \V. Bishop, Pies. \V. T. RisHor, Vice-Pres. H. X. Leach, Treas. Geo. E. His.sey, Sec'y. 

General ^ 

Contractors 



J. W. Bishop Co. 




Bank, Store 
and Office 

Fittings. 

Cabinet Work 
and 

Architectural 

Iron=Work. 






And Manuf;icturers 
of All Kinds of 

First= 
Class 
Interior 
Finish. 



Residence of H. H. Cook, Esq., Lenox, ^L1ss. 
Peabodv it Stearns, Architects. 




mtkce an^ jfactov^, 107 jfoetcr Street, cmorcester, fiDass, 

Providence, R. I., No. 417 Butler Exchange. Boston, Mass., No. 40S Exchange Building. 

Montreal, P. Q_., No. 34 Canada I,ife Building. 







CM 



Established 1S71. Incorporated iSSS. 

HARRINGTON & RICHARDSON ARMS CO., 

flDamifacturcrs of 

FIP^HAP^MS. 

Descriptive Catalogue on request. WORCESTER, MASS.. U. 5. A. 



ALEXANDER C. MUNROE, 

expert Underwriter, 

492 Main Street, Worcester, Mass. 




Adui'ce furnished gratis, and 
Insurance placed on all insurable 
property, at lowest current rates. 



Teleiilioiif at ofTipe and residi'ncp. 



P^ 



COMPETENT CRITICS HAVE SAID OF US, "THERE ARE NO BETTER 
PRINTERS THAN THESE." WE ARE PREPARED TO ARRANGE WITH 
A FEW MORE LARGE USERS OF GOOD PRINTING, AND CAN GIVE THEM 
THE KIND OF SERVICE AND ADVICE IN PRINTING THAT THEY EXPECT 
FROM A FIRST-CLASS LAWYER IN LEGAL MATTERS. BUSINESS MEN WHO 
DO NOT WISH TO EXPERIMENT FOR THE SAKE OF SAVING A DOLLAR 
OR TWO ARE INVITED TO CONSULT US WHEN THEY REQUIRE GOOD 
PRINTING OF ANY KIND. WE BELIEVE WE CAN IMPROVE YOUR PRINTING 
F. S. BLANCHARD & CO.. 34 FRONT STREET 



36S 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



Collins ^ $outbwortb, 




The Preble Improved 
Cushioned Boot 

Is inst what Ladies ot to-day 
should wear, that is, if the ladies 
-%nsh to keep their feet nat- 
ural shape, as otir boots are 
made on lasts that allow the 
:x>t to have its natural shape, 
md therefore sriving- all comfort 
:''uit can possibly be had in a 
^oot. They rit most feet and fit 
them perfectly. 

Price S3.50. 

Also Oxforcis, 52,00. 

In Men's we hare the 

Forbush Cushion Shoe 

Price, $5.00, 

And tl-ie same can be said for 
Men's that has been said of 



Franklin Square 
^ ^ Shoe Store, 



533 Maio St, 



D 



N' 1 horgei to ccme and s: 
us when in need of a pair 



^ 



^ SHOES 

rull Line c: _=i:e5 . .'.^ens 
Misses' and Childrens. . . . 



FELI.X ST. .\M01R & CO., 

128 Front Street, 0pp. Trumbull. Worcester, 
rull line of Packard's Sbccs for rP.cn Only. 

Hotel du Nord, 

MARTIN TRLLSON, Prop. 

American and European Plans. 

39, 41, 43 Summer Street. 

WORCESTER, MASS. 



HEBBEBT HALL 

A Home for the Care and Treatmint of 
Persons Afflicted witii Mental Diseases. 



For Terms, Etc., Address 

MERRICK BEMIS. M. D.. HERBERT HALL, 
Assistant Physician, John M. Bemis. 

Salisbury Street, ^< Worcester. 

"Clnion Xaun^cv 

and Clean Towel Supply. 

7-15 Prescott St. 

^Ve are prepared, after years of experience and , 
menlins, to do laundry work as it ought to be done, 
you want your work done in a superior manner bv pr,.c:: , 
and experienced hands, send it to us, as our work is seer : . 
to none in the country. You will nnd less wear and te 
and we think better work, than you have ever had dc : 
before. 

Our Clean Towel Supplv is by far the best in the c;: 
We were the nrst to introduce it and have never a"ow, 
anyone to surpass us in quality or service. 



D. A. Scott, J. H. Dawson, 



Telephone 934-3. 



Proprietors. 



J. S. W esbv & Sons 
6odd Bookbindiiid 



At Reasonable Prices. 



.-t.it.jt.^.jit 



5$7 main Street, « 50 Tester Street, 

"Worcester, Mass. 



Choice .... 
Building Lots 



;- the vicinitv of Insti- 
r-te Park, Wor. Art 
Museum, Pomechnic 
Institute, also Massa- 
chusetts Avenue, Rut- 
land Terrace, etc. . . . 



Stephen Salisbury, 



9 Main Street, 



Worcester, 



EiL 






C. REBBOLI & SON, 

Confectioners and Caterers, 

444 Main Street, "Worcester. 
I.on.; Disi.ince Telephone Connection. 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



369 



5! 

S 
I 
I 
I 
I 
,1 

9 

I 
I 
,1 

I 

i. 
I 

» 

I 
I 
I 
I 

I 
I 
I 
I 



I 



I 
,1 



W ASTUB AS KET 
IMMUNITY 



I 




T' 



*HE wastebasket yawns for much. 

printed matter. 
Does it yawn for yours ? 
wSome printing makes the recipient 
yawn first, and the yawning waste- 
basket gets it later. 

An anti -wastebasket insurance 
policy goes with the booklet, card, 
folder or other printed thing we 
make. 

We put into it besides so much 
ink, type and paper a certain measure 
of brains. A little thought added to 
good, clean, strong typography and 
presswork will make an advertise- 
ment which will advertise. 

It makes no difference what it is 
intended to advertise — whether it is the announcement of a church 
fair or of a special sale, of a sermon or a sociable. 

The point is that there is something to be said which ought to be 
said in the most impressive way. 

Type and paper are necessary, l)ut type and paper are not all. 
The difference between our printshop and other printshops is the 
third member of this trinity — type, paper and brains — these three, 
but the greatest of these is brains. 

Any printer can buy paper and type. Only a few printers can sup- 
ply the experience, taste and skill which combined result in good 
printing. 

We are among the few. 



F. S. "Blanchard & Company, 

34 Front Street, Worcester, Massachusetts. 



I 
I 

! 
I 

I 
I 
I 

£ 

I 
I 

I 
I 
I 
I 

i 

4 
:>);' 

I 
I 
I 
f 
I 

4 

I 
% 

I 
I 
I 

4 

^)} 

I 
I 



370 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



THE IN^SURANCE OFFICE OF 



lVAS//BI7J?Ar, WII^LIS, GREB:SB ct BATES 



W^AS ESTABLISHED IJs'^ 1843. 



We niiike the Insurance of Manufacturing Plants a specialty. Sprinkler rates furnished. Employers' 
Liability Insurance. Steam Boiler and Use and Occupancy Insurance. Only the oldest and most 
respons-ihle companies represented. +03 lMAII>f fST., WORCESTER. 




ORCESTER MUTUAL 
FIRE INSURANCE CO. 



377 MAIN STREET 

WORCESTER. 

Hisjhest grade of Mutual Fire In- 
surance. Established 75 years, with a 
steady, handsome dividend record for 
policy-holders. 



Tatman & 
1 aric^ ♦ ♦ ♦ 



R. James Tatman 
Geo. a. P.\rk. 



Ifto. 410 riDain Street, IRoom 1fto. 2. 
■Cclcpbonc. 320=5. . . . 



.AVORCESTER. MASS. 



We give prompt personal attention to every detail. 
Your patronage is respectfully solicited. 



N. A. Harrington, 

Hiisurance. 



492 MAIN ST.. 

Room 15, 
Clarks Block. 



WORCESTER, MASS. 

Telephone 
Connection. 



Established 1855. 



Incorporated 1S94. 



L. HARDY COMPANY, 

Machine Knives 

OF ALL KINDS. DIE and 
. . . PLATED STOCK. 

9 Mill Street, Worcester, Mass. 

H, G, BARR & CO., 

Sensitive ^ ^ ^''^^^^ 
Drilling Machines, LongDil'TeV 

51 Union Street, Worcester, Mass. 



CHAS. E. GRANT, 



FIRE IXSURA^s^CE, 



•State Mutual Buildino. %V0RCESTEK. 



^awbinne^ Xast Co 



Manufacturers of 



Boot and Shoe 

M Lasts. 

dfactorg, JBrochton, /iRass. JBoston ©fficc, 
56 Xincoln St., IRoom 2). 

S. PORTER & CO., 

Last Manufacturers, 

No. 25 Union St., Worcester. 

Boston Othce, 1S3 Essex St., Room 703. 



R. L GOLBERT, ^ 



Manufacturer 



LASTS. 

Factory, 19 Church Street, Worcester, Mass 



Boston Office, 59 Lincoln Street, cor. Essex. 



THE WORGESTER MAGAZINE. 






Business and Professional Cards. 



DENTISTS. 



Frank P. Barnard, D. M. D. 

DE.NTIST. 

The Treatment of Children's Teeth a Specialty. 

Roonn lo^, 405 Main St.. Worcester, Mass. 

Dr. E. C Gilman, 

DENTIST. 

Best Gold Crown Made, $5. Bndgework, Per Tooth, $5. 
405 Main Street, 



Room 11;, ^Valker Building, 



Worcester. >[:\s^ 



ELECTRICITY AND BATHS- 



DR. COLE'S 

Private Electro -Vapor Bathrooms. 

Many vears of constant use of Electricity 
and Ek-ctro-Vapor Baths have demonstrated 
the value of these assents in the treatment of 
many diseases, both acute. and chronic. . . . 

We cure Dyspepsia, Sick Headache, Liver and Kidney 
Complaints, Slaiaria, Rheumatism, Lumbago, Insomnia, 
Paralysis and Nervous Prostration. 

Just the thinij for that had cold or the " Grippe." 

No danger of taking cold after the baths. 

W. E. COLE, M. D., 



Established in 1SS4. 
Telephone 1037-5. 



554 Main St. 



PAINTER. 



TI. R. HILT., 

House Painting and Interior Decorating. 
Shop, 66 Cbomas St., Ulorccstcr. 

Having enlarged my business I am now prepared to give 
my customers prompt attention and first-class work in all 
branches of House Painting and Decorating. 

PATENT SOLICITOR. 

RuFus Bennett Fowler, 

expert in Patent Causes. 

-^ 

3 Tuckerman St., Worcester. 

STABLE. 



RANDALL'S 

Boarding, Livery and Sale Stable. 

Family and Driving Horses a Specialty. A line 
of Rubber-tired \'eliicles. 

Rear leo Front Street. 



PRINTERS. 



F. S. BLANCHARD & CO. 

Printers of e^Jtrytbing Printable. 

34 FRONT STREET. 
UNDERTAKERS. 




Ben. J. Bernstrom, 

Undertaker and 
... Embalmer. 

Telephone. Justice of the Peace. 
Office, Klarcrooms and Residence, 
113 Thomas St. 



F. A. CASWELL <& CO., 

UNDERTAKERS, 

21 Pearl Street, Worcester, Mass. 

Telephone Connections. Residence. 3 Harvard St. 

Geo. Sessions &. Sons, 

Turnisbing Tuncral Directors, 

7 & 9 Trumbull Street, Worcester. 

Teleplione 40_). Xiglit Bell. 

\V. E. Sessions, Residence, 62 West St., Tel. 740. 

F. E. Sessions, Residence, 17 Germain St., Tel. S40. 

STENOGRAPHER AND TYPEWRITER. 

EDNA 1. TYLER, 
Stenographer and Typewriter, 

755 and rs* /tate Mutual Building, 
£} £> 340 Main Street, 

TELEPHONE Q8r-4 WORCESTER, MASS. 

SUBSCRIBE, 



FOR THE ^ 



Worcester 
Magazine... 



372 



THE WORCESTER MAGAZINE. 



G. H. Cutting & Company, 



BUILDING ^ ^ 
CONSTRUCTION. 



WORCESTER, MASS. -Ji Boston Office, 915 Tremont Building. 



S^ 





i^iit 



iiiiiilillllllB 



:!ir<liiillillll| 




No. I Mill. Ludlow Manufacturing' Co., Ludlow, M:i->. 



ARE YOU 

UP TO YOUR 

ANKLES 

IN MUD? 



CONCRETE CONTRACTOR. 



GEORGE W. CARR, 

518 Main Street, £' Worcester, Mass. 



/zt ROOFING. 



GRANOLITHIC 

WALKS 

WILL KEEP YOU 

OUT OF IT. 



metropolitan Stables. ^ ^^^^ "a^n^" Boardng 

Harrington & Bro., D. A. Harrington, Prop. 

no$. 31, 33 and 35 Central St., Ulorccstcr. 

Hacks for Parties and Funerals. Telephone. 

"°BSn°l'S^;d^eSfng. flletropolitan Shops. 



1. II. ^\^\sHI!UR^^ Pies. C. S. Ch.apin, Sec. iV Treas. 

Washburn & Garfield Manufacturing Co., 

Wholesale and Retail Dealers in 

WROUGHT IRON and BRASS PIPE. 

.steam. Gas and Water Supplies. Mechanical 
and Ileatint!' Kntrineers. Steam Construction. 



Foster- street. 



At'oreester. 'Sluss. 



-^ 





oeeialties a ^^ 



'"f'pe(!o«t.ori. 



PPEii**7^>'^t2fe&|RON Work 

EAVcis.TRfl^iSH, "Conductor Pipe 



'Phone 
754-* 

Cor. BlacRstone and Charles Sts., Worcester, Mass. 



State Mutual Life 
Assurance 
Company, 



Worcester^ Mass. 



Incorporated 1844, 




'^^§§^4$s^^3S^^^^^^^^SS^ 



Assets, . . $17,777,848.41 
Liabilities, . 15,924,344.76 

Surplus, . . $1,853,503.65 



^^^^^^^^^3^^^^^^^ 

1^^ 




A. G. Bullock, President. H. M. Witter, Secretary. 



\- 90/ 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 





014 111060 3 * 



